Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

8

Authors: Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman; Rosilah Hassan; Aisha-Hassan Abdalla Hashim; Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli

IoT (Internet of Things) technically connects billions of entities to the Internet. The IoT is divided between the technology and the service itself. As a result, great efforts are needed to join data from many contexts and services. This reason has motivated proposals to develop solutions that can overcome existing issues of limitations for mobility, security, reliability and scalability of IoT. These billions of devices are interconnected to each other either using unicast, multicast or broadcast communications, and mixture of static and mobile communications. This paper aims to investigate the parameters of mobility performance in handover process for mobile multicast IoT environment. Investigation is done quantitatively by evaluating the parameters of handover process for IoT in two networking protocols that are possible to support acceptable mobility performance for IoT. The protocols are ICN (Information Centric Networking) and Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol. The evaluation parameters include packet loss and service recovery time. The metrics are extracted from the handover process flow for each network protocol topology. The service recovery time parameter is assumed as the time duration for each message to travel from sender to receiver, while packet loss parameter depends on the packet arrival rate and service recovery time. The results show that the ICN performs better than Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol.

10

Authors: Festus Osazee Agbontaen, Joel Osarumwens Egwaile, Ignatius Kema Okakwu

The Nigeria’s power sector transmission infrastructure continues to be challenged as it still remains the weak link in the electricity supply chain. The Nigerian Federal Government on its Roadmap for power sector reform highlighted that to accommodate the planned increase in generation capacity, there was need for a 30% increase in the “true deliverable” transmission capacity of the country’s 330kV network. But the technical feasibility of this plan is an issue to be considered. In this work, the existing 330kV Nigeria transmission network was expanded by the introduction of new lines and power stations, simulation was carried out and the effect was analyzed using Newton-Raphson algorithm in ETAP 12.6. The base case operating condition as obtained from the power flow on which the various transfer cases were implemented, gives a fair generation and loading pattern of the Nigerian grid. The total installed generating capacity of the base case considered was 11,948MW out of which 4,347.21MW was available for load level of 3,633.6MW. Result shows that the maximum load ability of the enhanced network was increased to 238.4% compared with the existing network when the Newton – Raphson iteration method was applied.

10

Authors: Hironao Takahashi; Uzair Lakhani; Asif Raza

AI (Artificial Intelligence) is one of the hot keywords in Computer Science research and development these days. Applications of AI are very diverse that include but not limited to image recognition, voice recognition, industry manufacturing, auto driving and human interaction for any service industry. Here we propose a knowledge upload system utilizing different AI techniques. The knowledge recording part of the system works in this way. First the human voice is captured using microphone. Later on the captured voice is converted into text using voice recognition techniques. Finally, the recognized text is categorized into personal or general category using semantic techniques. The knowledge retrieval part of the system on the other hand helps in retrieving the thoughts of a person whose knowledge has been uploaded regarding some particular subject. A knowledge upload service can be beneficial for each generation as the people of that generation can benefit from the thoughts of people of earlier generation. In this way precious human knowledge can be saved for the benefit of mankind. Normally AI is general which is not specific to a person but the system proposed here can be termed as a step towards PAI (Personal Artificial Intelligence).

10

Authors: Muhammad Munir Babar; Abdul Ghani Soomro; Arshad Ashraf; Aneela Memon

Precipitation plays a pivotal role in the evolution of the ecosystems. Many watersheds in Pakistan and particularly in parts of Sindh are ungagged, which urge to estimate the precipitation and other parameters using feasible models for effective planning and management of water resources. Regression analysis is usually employed to understand the hydro-climatic relationships of a watershed. The present study is aimed to investigate the relationship between precipitation and elevation through developing linear regression models for various levels of precipitation data and map their spatial variability in the KNR (Khirthar National Range), Sindh, Pakistan. The precipitation data of 7 meteorological stations covering the study area were used with DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of 90 m resolution for altitudinal trend analysis. The results of the linear regression model showed a close relationship between the precipitation of various time-scales and elevation, i.e. coefficient of determination R2 values ranging within 0.8206- 0.9604. The correlation was significant at P<0.05 for mean annual, mean monthly, and mean seasonal (Rabi) precipitation. The spatial variation in precipitation was between 127.78-697.98 mm at annual and from 10.84-58.09 mm at mean monthly level. The lapse rate of increase in precipitation with elevation was 27.03 mm per 100 m for annual and 2.24 mm per 100 m for monthly level. At seasonal level, precipitation varied from 24.17-137.87 mm during Rabi (winter) and between 105.78-525.36 mm during Kharif (summer) season. Similarly, the monsoon precipitation (July-September) ranged between 92.24- 359.93 mm in the study area. The higher precipitation estimated over elevated areas of the region at seasonal and annual levels needs to be harvested through adopting adequate water management techniques for improving agriculture productivity in the downstream areas.

12

Authors: Shauban Ali Solangi; Dil Nawaz Hakro; Muhammad Memon; Khalil-ur-Rehman Khoumbati; Akhtar Hussain Jalbani

WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) comprises of small-sized and constraint-capability SN (Sensor Nodes) which record, send and receive data, sensed to a sink. The network lifetime and energy usability are important challenges to be dealt with. During the working of the SN, the maximum amount of energy is consumed than sensing and processing of data. Therefore, an efficient transmission of the data is required so that the energy can be saved. In this paper, a novel routing and scheduling method for WSNs using GA (Genetic Algorithm) is presented, where the sinks employed on four sides of the sensor field. These sinks collect the data from the SNs having the optimal distance towards the respective sink. The proposed scheme finds the optimized path using GA, during transmission of data from SN to the nearest sink. First, we run the GA for determination of routing paths, where a source SN finds the possible number of optimal hops. Second, the hops or intermediate relay SNs are assumed to relay the data towards the sink, efficiently. The performance is experimented and evaluated using MATLAB R2016b. The simulations have carried out through comparing the proposed scheme with TEEN (Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol). The results of simulation comprise of 10 and 20 number of SNs, discretely. Additionally, the direct distance of each node is calculated and the distance through multiple hops from/to the nearest sink is also evaluated. The achievements of the proposed technique are to save both energy and distance for the sake of network longevity and optimal and precise data delivery by multiple hops.

12

Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib Sana; Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan; Nasir Saleem, Imran Ullah Khan; Arbab Waheed Ahmed

The WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) lead to great opportunities to explore it scientifically. In this network different numbers of SN (Sensor Nodes) are deployed in a specific area to gather information. The UWSNs (Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks) is a highly distributed network of sensor nodes deployed underwater to gather environmental information. Hence, acquirement of real-time data at enhanced data rate and to reduce power consumption is a key concern while designing routing protocol for UWSNs. In this paper, a cooperation based solution is suggested. The solution proposed here uses the DF (Decode and Forward) strategy for relying the information from the source to the destination using a relay node. The signals coming towards the destination are weighted and combined on the basis of their SNRC (Signal to Noise Ratio Combing). The simulation results verify enhancement in different factors, required for evaluation of a UWSN. After implementation of the proposed solution the stability of the network is increased which maximize the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio). In our proposed solution the transmission is based on channel estimation, an estimate is made for higher reliable channel, which reduces retransmission of packets. Hence, sink receive the packets with lesser delay and as a result E2E (End-to-End) delay is decreased. Data is forwarded using data forwarding by neighbor nodes. It improves average energy consumption of the system. Hence the overall performance and lifetime of a UWSN is increased.

12

Authors: Rashid Nawaz; Shahid Maqsood; Abdur Rehman Babar

EMRS (Emergency Medical Response Service) is the public safety system that is responsible for the initial first aid and transportation of the patient to the hospital. Providing a timely response to any emergency situation is of critical nature and needs to be addressed in the shortest possible time. Decreasing the response to an emergency site and timely pre-hospitalization care location identification and number of emergency response personnel and vehicles are some of the critical elements of EMRS. In this research, a probabilistic model is developed which incorporates the probabilistic response to any emergency situation. The developed model was applied to an actual scenario of the EMRS in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. The EMRS has 7 locations covering 7 different regions of the city covering more than 1200 square kilometers area. The main purpose of the study is to measure the quality of EMRS on the basis of response time and queue. The study has identified that station 1 and 2 have the highest utilization; 58% each, while station 7 has the lowest utilization at 13.7%. Since the emergency care at the site of incidence is one of the primary responsibilities of the public safety organizations so this study also discusses the average instantaneous utilization of EMRS resources for that region.

14

Authors: Anoud Shaikh; Naeem Ahmed Mahoto; Mukhtiar Ali Unar

The Internet has revolutionized the communication paradigm. This has led towards immense amount of unstructured data (i.e. textual data), which is a major source to get useful knowledge about people in several application domains. TM (Text Mining) extracts high quality information to discover knowledge by drawing patterns and relationships in textual data. This field has taken great attention of the research community. As a result, several attempts have been made to propose, introduce and refine techniques applied for uncovering knowledge from text data. This study aims at: (1) presenting existing TM techniques in the scientific literature, (2) reporting challenges/issues and gaps that still need attention, and (3) proposing a framework to bring shape to textual data. A prototype has been developed to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential worth of proposed approach to display how unstructured data (i.e. news articles in this study) has been brought to a shape representing interesting knowledge. The proposed framework implements basic NLP (Natural Language Processing) functions in combination of AYLIEN API (Application Programming Interface) functions. The results reveal the fact that how events, celebrities and popular news-items have been covered in the electronic media, and it also represents subjectivity of topical news events. The news coverage trends highlight the significance of daily news events, which may assist in getting insight about the media groups.

16

Authors: Bushra Hanif; Inam-ul-Hassan Shaikh; Ahsan Ali

Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) systems are an interesting class of systems since they work without any physical contact and are hence frictionless. Due to this attractive property, such systems have the potential for wide range of applications such as maglev trains. Maglev is non-linear due to magnetic field and unstable that suggest the need of stabilizing controller. An appropriate controller is required to levitate the object at desired position. FOPID (Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative) controller and ILC (Iterative learning Control) based FOPID controller are designed in this paper for the levitation of metallic ball with desired reference at minimum transient errors. Since maglev is unstable and ILC is used only for stable systems, FOPID controller is used to stabilize the plant. Non-linear interior point optimization method is used to obtain the parameters of FOPID controller. An ILC is used as a feedforward controller in order to improve the response iteratively. P, PD and PID-ILC control laws are used to update the new control input in ILC based FOPID controller. The overall control scheme is therefore a hybrid combination of ILC and FOPID. The effectiveness of proposed technique is analyzed based on performance indices via simulation. ISE (Integral Square Error) and IAE (Integral Absolute Error) is lesser in case of hybrid PID-ILC as compared to simple FOPID controller.

20

Authors: Shagufta Shafiq; Yaser Hafeez; Sadia Ali, Naila Iqbal; Muhammad Jamal

Organizations are moving their workforce to guarantee matters of trade and profit where accounts are expected to be less expensive and provide better quality products with the accessibility of skilled labor. With the evident benefits, distributed teams often face challenges with reliable and efficient communication coordination patterns that lead towards project failure. In the rapidly growing software industry, it becomes critical for any business to have better management activities to acquire right processes and practices. Agile methods are considered as a remedy for mitigating distributed teams’ challenges, with their consistent focus on communication. Here, we intend to propose a tailored Scrum based solution for distributed teams that empowers anticipated communication and coordination throughout the development process. In the first phase of framework development we have evaluated the state of agile practices from both literature and industry; based on collected evidence and suggestive guidelines a scrum based agile framework was formulated. The Scrum is a project management method in Agile Methods family. Scrum is an iterative process that asks for incremental development of the product, includes cross functional development and testing teams. Evaluation results show that the proposed framework contributes positively to improve development process quality. We have performed theoretical as well as empirical evaluation to validate proposed framework. We have eight project managing rising aspects in DSD (Distributed Software Development) to evaluate the proposed framework.