Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

6

Authors: Tunio M.N., Rashdi P.I.S., Abro Q.M.M.

This research determines the effects of ICT (Information and Communication Technology ) on the upcoming generation of urban and suburban communities. For this study, private schools in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan are chosen. First of all, trainings are conducted at selected area. Based on the trainings, the tests are prepared and then students are examined. It was found that if proper management of ICT tools are put in place, the students exhibits more tendencies towards the understanding and application of ICT tools. Moreover, the interviews with different stakeholders are made to validate the findings

8

Authors: Syed M., Boulejfen N.

VoIP (Voice Over IP) is becoming an alternative way of voice communications over the Internet. To better utilize voice call bandwidth, some standard compression algorithms are applied in VoIP systems. However, these algorithms affect the voice quality with high compression ratios. This paper presents a lossless data reduction technique to improve VoIP data transfer rate over the IP network. The proposed algorithm exploits the data redundancies in digitized VFs (Voice Frames) generated by VoIP systems. Performance of proposed data reduction algorithm has been presented in terms of compression ratio. The proposed algorithm will help retain the voice quality along with the improvement in VoIP data transfer rates.

8

Authors: Amur K.B., Memon A.L., Qureshi S.

FEM (Finite Element Method) based approximation model is proposed in this paper. Our goal is to solve a TV (Total Variation) denoising optimization problem using finite element method with triangular grid as a computational domain and also to study the local choice of smoothness parameters for the given problem. We provide some confidence measures in the form of average absolute error and average absolute square error corresponding to the different choices of locally selected regularization weights; moreover we show that how the regularization parameters play a crucial part in the reduction of error in the approximations and the diffusion enhancement specifically for this TV model

10

Authors: Rehman S.R., Fareed M.M., Shah S.I.

In this paper, we consider Rayleigh fading based cooperative communication system with AaF (Amplify and Forward) relaying using multiple relays. We take spectrally efficient two-way model of cooperative communication terminals and formulate performance evaluation framework in terms of SER (Symbol Error Rate). We not only consider fading channel for this performance evaluation but also consider the effect of relay terminal location into our model which does not require any CSI (Channel State Information) at transmitting nodes. We have proposed power allocation framework for these nodes and analytically derived SER performance results. We have numerically evaluated this framework for power optimization as well as minimizing required SER. Significant performance improvement as compared with equal power sharing among the cooperating terminals is achieved using our proposed framework. It is shown that virtual cooperative antenna configurations is able to demonstrate up to 3dB gain as compared with co-located antenna configurations. Thus incorporating relay location information for performance evaluation results significant power savings

10

Authors: Asif H.M.S., Hayat M.F., Ahmad T.

Learning form continuous financial systems play a vital role in enterprise operations. One of the most sophisticated non-parametric supervised learning classifiers, SVM (Support Vector Machines), provides robust and accurate results, however it may require intense computation and other resources. The heart of SLT (Statistical Learning Theory), SRM (Structural Risk Minimization )Principle can also be used for model selection. In this paper, we focus on comparing the performance of model estimation using SRM with SVR (Support Vector Regression) for forecasting the retail sales of consumer products. The potential benefits of an accurate sales forecasting technique in businesses are immense. Retail sales forecasting is an integral part of strategic business planning in areas such as sales planning, marketing research, pricing, production planning and scheduling. Performance comparison of support vector regression with model selection using SRM shows comparable results to SVR but in a computationally efficient manner. This research targeted the real life data to conclude the results after investigating the computer generated datasets for different types of model building

10

Authors: Memon A.L., Amur K.B., Shaikh A.A.

Many encoding schemes are used in OCDMA (Optical Code Division Multiple Access Network) but SAC (Spectral Amplitude Codes) is widely used. It is considered an effective arrangement to eliminate dominant noise called MAI (Multi Access Interference). Various codes are studied for evaluation with respect to their performance against three noises namely shot noise, thermal noise and PIIN (Phase Induced Intensity Noise). Various Mathematical models for SNR (Signal to Noise Ratios) and BER (Bit Error Rates) are discussed where the SNRs are calculated and BERs are computed using Gaussian distribution assumption. After analyzing the results mathematically, it is concluded that ZCC (Zero Cross Correlation Code) performs better than the other selected SAC codes and can serve larger number of active users than the other codes do. At various receiver power levels, analysis points out that RDC (Random Diagonal Code) also performs better than the other codes. For the power interval between -10 and -20 dBm performance of RDC is better ZCC. Their lowest BER values suggest that these codes should be part of an efficient and cost effective OCDM access network in the future.

12

Authors: Sahito A.R., Mahar R.B., Brohi K.M.

In several regions of the Pakistan, crop cultivation is leading to the production crop residues and its disposal problems. It has been suggested that the co-digestion of the crop residues with the buffalo dung might be a disposal way for the wasted portion of the crops' residue. The objective of present study was to optimize the anaerobic co-digestion of canola straw and the buffalo dung through batch experiments in order to obtain maximum methane production. The optimization was carried out in three stages. In first stage, the best canola straw to buffalo dung ratio was evaluated. In second stage, the best concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate was assessedas the alkaline pretreatment chemical, whereas in the third stage most suitable particle size of the canola strawwas evaluated. The assessment criteria for the optimization of a co-digestion were cumulative methane production and ABD (Anaerobic Biodegradability). The results yield that anaerobic co-digestibility of the canola straw and the buffalo dung is obviously influenced by all the three factors of optimization. The maximum methane production was obtained as 911 NmL from the canola straw to buffalo dung ratio of 40:60, the alkaline doze of 0.6 gNaHCO3 / gVS and canola straw particle size of 2mm. However, because of the higher shredding cost to produce 2mm sized canola straw, particle size 4mm could be the best canola straw particle size.