The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

1-6

Authors: Gongden J. J.; Musa S.; Lohdip Y. N.; Lungaka A. P.; Chollom A. M.; Idongesit N. A.

Zinc (II) and copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-Nps and CuO-Nps) were synthesized from Azadirachta indica (Neem) bark. The complexes were characterized, and their anti-helminths (worms) activities were studied. Direct synthesis was used for the synthesis and characterization using FTIR. UV-visible, XRD and SEM. In-vitro and In-vivo were used to test the biological activities (anti-helminthic). The UV-Visible absorption spectrum of zinc oxide nanoparticles shows the characteristic surface plasma resonance with a wavelength of approximately 200 – 440 nm and a peak maximum at 380 nm with attributes to the formation of nanoparticles. FT-IR Spectroscopy was used to identify the possible biomolecules responsible for reducing zinc nitrate ions and copper sulfate and capping the reduction of zinc nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles synthesis used Azadirachta indica (Neem) bark extract and the result shows zinc oxide nanoparticles gave the IR bands 3220.4 cm-1, 2102.2 cm-1, 1990.4 cm-1, 1595.3 cm-1, 1401.5 cm-1, 1088.4 cm-1, 771.8 cm-1, 849.8 cm-1, 1028.7 cm-1,. The results observed from copper oxide nanoparticles are 3252.61 cm-1, 2918.62cm-1, 2850.90 cm-1, 2168.92 cm-1, 1636.30 cm-1, 1239.42 cm-1, 1083.80 cm-1, and 1035.91 cm-1. The bands which appeared at 3252.61cm-1 and 2918.62cm-1 corresponds to O-H stretching and symmetric C.H. stretching respectively. XRD shows sharp peaks of the nanoparticles, which indicates the formation of nanoparticles and crystallinity. SEM analysis also showed a magnified image of the nanoparticles, further confirming their formation. The nanoparticles were found to be potent in anti-helminthic activities at 200mg/ kg.

1-5

Authors: Olutayo Toriola; Ansara Balgobin

Surgery is one of the most common treatments offered in the United States, and some of the most commonly performed procedures are cardiac procedures such as CABGs, valve replacements, and PCI. Even though surgical training and technological advancements have made surgical procedures much safer, when looking at cardiac surgery procedures, there is a greater association between socioeconomic status (SES) and negative post-surgical outcomes. The purpose of the study is to determine whether or not SES affects the postop complication, readmission, and mortality rate in CABG, PCI, and valve replacement surgeries. After a thorough literature search of several databases we concluded that though more data needs to be collected on the specific effects of SES on post-surgical outcomes in PCI and valve repair procedures, it can be said that SES does impact the mortality, readmission, and complication rates of patients post cardiac surgery. We also recommend that future studies on this topic could investigate the effects of proper secondary prevention through medication distribution in patient groups of various socioeconomic statuses.

1-5

Authors: N. S. Venkatesh Babu; Aishwarya Gudihal; Sahana Kekuda

The present study aimed to assess and compare the salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and resting pH of autistic children with healthy children and to compare the proportion of dental caries in autistic children with healthy children. A total of 100 children were included in the study, the study group consisted of 50 autistic children, and the control group consisted of 50 healthy children who visited the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, V S Dental College, Bangalore for a routine dental check-up. Salivary parameters like the flow rate, buffering capacity, and resting pH were measured using a saliva check buffer kit (GC co. Japan) and dental caries were recorded according to WHO criteria 1997. Salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and resting pH were lower in autistic children when compared to that of healthy children and the results were statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between salivary parameters and dental caries. Increased incidence of dental caries in children with autism could be due to their behavioral characteristics and tendency to pouch food inside the mouth. In the present study reduced salivary flow rate, low buffering capacity, and reduced resting pH have been observed in autistic children, which could be the causative factors for the increased incidence of dental caries in these children.

1-8

Authors: Nguyen Thanh Minh; Le Van Bao; Tran Ngoc Giap

The maritime delimitation between countries with contiguous seas is aimed at creating a clear maritime boundary, contributing to maintaining a peaceful and stable environment for the development of marine economic fields. As a coastal country, it has maritime borders adjacent to many countries in the East Sea region. Over the past time, consistent view of settling disputes at sea with neighboring countries based on respect for independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country, compliance with international law, especially UNCLOS 1982, through peaceful measures to find a fair solution for all parties, Vietnam has gradually negotiated and signed maritime delimitation agreements with China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia. The article focuses on analyzing and interpreting the process of maritime delimitation between Vietnam and relevant countries in the East Sea region in the period 1982 - 2022. On that basis, reviewing the achievements and shortcomings, limitations in the process of negotiating sea delimitation, drawing useful lessons to apply in the next stages of sea delimitation.