The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

1-9

Authors: Nguyen Thanh Minh; Nguyen Quang Trung Tien

Inheriting the results of the Cochinchina/Vietnamese people's organization of resource exploitation in the Hoang Sa archipelago and the process of establishing and exercising the sovereignty of state entities in Vietnam over this archipelago from During the reign of the Nguyen Lords in the early seventeenth century, through the Tây Sơn Dynasty at the end of the eighteenth century, then during the reign of King Gia Long of the Nguyễn dynasty in the first two decades of the nineteenth century, the culmination of international law was the event. the imperial navy of Hue carried out the official state possession in 1816, establishing legal sovereignty over the Hoang Sa archipelago; King Minh Mang continued to promote the exercise of national sovereignty in the Hoang Sa archipelago through many annual activities such as searching and measuring waterways, promoting exploitation and tax management, measuring and completing The famous national map project of international value named 大南一統全圖 [Dai Nam Nhat Thong Toan Map]1 in 1838. The regular large-scale exploitation and sovereignty exercise activities by the Annamese/Vietnamese people and state in the Hoang Sa archipelago during the reign of King Minh Mang contributed to promoting the image dissemination and affirming the sovereignty of Vietnam national rights to this archipelago in front of the international community's relations and concerns regarding the East Indies Sea/China Sea/East Sea and Vietnam. Therefore, under King Minh Mang, Vietnam's sovereignty over the Hoang Sa archipelago was mentioned and recognized more widely in world geographical publications of many European, Asian, American, and Australian countries. To continue to expand the source of documents with international legal value affirming Vietnam's long-standing and legal sovereignty over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagoes, in this issue we provide readers with articles on the fields of natural geography, residential and administrative geography, geo-economics, geopolitics, space history, and astronomy, dictionaries... published in Italy during the reign of King Minh Mang.

1-5

Authors: Kayode Kunle OYEDIRAN

Riddles in Africa, are means of explaining to people or finding solutions to some puzzles of life in such a way that at the beginning of the riddles, the concerned person/s or group would not know that everything is about him/her because they are always intellectual. In addition, a sustainable development (SD) challenge requires making decisions that call for a scientific process to make such a decision rational. Many researchers struggled with understanding the scientific process of achieving a sustainable development goal or/and any challenge that faces any sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, the sustainable development research process in its nature is a puzzle that needs an intellectual interpretation and understanding. With these requirements of the process and to have a better understanding of the same, an indigenous riddle is presented in this study to unlock the mysteries in the sustainable development research process to arrive at a rational SDG or/and solve any SD challenges. The objectives include making readers: understand that the sustainable development research process is in stages/steps; know that one stage/step leads to the next one; know the components of each stage/step; and use the stages to formulate a research process that will solve a sustainable development challenge. The method involved using the different stages in the riddle (situation analysis) to explain what the process is all about. Findings from the riddle presented it as suitable to explain the sustainable development research process. It was concluded that the adoption of indigenous riddles will go a long way to explain the scientific research process in solving any of the sustainable development challenges.

1-4

Authors: Abdul Shakeel; Tariq Mahmood; Hafiz Nasir Ali; M. Iqbal khan

This paper is about digital currency and its ways to handle transactions in business matters. The purpose of this paper is to show how to minimize the risks of transactions and how to make the quickest transactions. And by which fake transactions or the slow process of transactions be avoided. The consensus mechanism is consisted of proof of stake and proof of work regarding security, validity, and verifying transactions in financial matters. Proof of work is considered more secure than proof of stake but proof of work is slow than proof of stake. Therefore, it may be stated there are some advantages and disadvantages of both ways of consensus mechanisms. As proof of Stake is a quick way but comparatively less secure than proof of work but proof of stake is the quickest way to make transactions. Anyhow, it may be stated that in the matter of digital transactions, for every person who wants to send or receive, directly or indirectly, the primary desire is the safety of the transaction and validity within the shortest period. So that proof of transaction can be provided to the other party and kept for record purposes also. In short, this paper guides cryptocurrency and its consensus mechanism for financial transactions.

1-6

Authors: Haneen M. Al_Qhwaizi; Nawar Muneer Aljanabi; Jumana A. Alanbari; Agmal K. Galil

In our research, we try to explore the relationship between diabetes mellitus and iron deficiency anemia. Anemia can lead to a false elevation in HbA1c in non-diabetic people. In addition, patients with diabetes who had anemia have an unfavorable effect on the quality of life and affect disease progression which increases the risk of micro and macrovascular complications. We searched in PubMed electronic database and included articles only that were published as a full free-text in the last six years and we excluded the articles that were written in languages other than English. We reviewed the articles and found there is a relation between D.M in developing IDA, Studies showed that controlling blood glucose with insulin shows more benefits than oral antidiabetics in reducing the possibility to develop and progress micro and macrovascular complications especially IDA by decreasing the rate of developing chronic kidney diseases. Also, RAS inhibitors (ACE inhibitors and ARBs) reduce the prevention and reduce the progression of renal complications development in diabetic patients.

1-4

Authors: Ximena Oróztico; Jorge Castañeda

This article analyzes the current conditions that micro-bakery industries in Mexico are going through, focusing on key points such as strategic models, management tools and the variables of competitiveness, finance, and strategic administration as keys to continue in the market.