The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

6-12

Authors: Branislav Sančanin

Inhabitants of our planet have been traveling as never before and discovering the farthest removed of cultures, establishing a universal language of understanding and thus preserving material and non-material heritage. Without a doubt, the main reason tourists visit a particular destination should be viewed through the prism of human curiosity for everything that is happening in the field of culture, as well as what has marked the past through preserved cultural and historical heritage. Well-designed and profiled marketing is expected to ensure sustainable development for countries, regions, and cities that attract numerous visitors with their valuable cultural and historical heritage while appreciating the warnings of the World Tourism Organization about the necessity of minimizing the negative impact of visitors on cultural sites. The integration of cultural and historical heritage with a high-quality interpretation ensures the comparative advantage of a tourist destination, on an increasingly demanding tourism market, through recognition and authenticity. Today, heritage is viewed as a significant impetus for economic development which creates the preconditions for meeting the demands of visitors with respect to satisfying their leisure needs, the creation of new job opportunities, and represents a foothold for creating and maintaining the desired identity. The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance of an authentic and unique historical heritage on the basis of which a competitive advantage will be built and maintained while appreciating the dynamic processes of adapting to the demands, behavior, and motives of tourists.

18-33

Authors: Noe Aguila Texis; Rosa Cortes Aguirre; Crisanto Tenopala Hernández

The current economic situation in Mexico requires companies to adopt the strategies that allow them to acquire competitive capacity, reduce their costs and increase their productivity by managing agile and slender processes all to stay in the market and provide their products and services. To this end, large companies began to adopt manufacturing methods developed in Japan that help competes in the international market, national or local, known as Lean Manufacturing. Everything starts by drawing a diagram of the value chain of the process showing all the activities carried out to obtain the product or service, costs but not value delaying the completion of the same and for that reason should be eliminated. Lean defines these activities as waste, which is presented in the production and service processes, but through the use and application of the Lean tools will allow us to eliminate them. This article proposes an improvement model based on lean manufacturing for the service process of the SME, also taking into account the literature reviewed in the state of the art, which will allow us to reduce its total time of process and as a consequence is the decrease in costs, increase in productivity, increase in profits, all this in order to place it in a competitive state, thus ensuring its permanence in the business. In the beginning, the waste identified in the process is presented to later determine the appropriate Lean tools for its elimination and finally the present VSM (current) and a future (desired) VSM of the process are traced together with a cost-benefit analysis for the implementation of the proposed tools.