The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

1-7

Authors: Lilian Omondi

Emergency caesarean section poses obstetric, anesthetic and surgical risks to the mother and the unborn baby and exacerbates anxiety which is deleterious. Preoperative nursing care rendered during this period greatly influence patient’s care perception, a concept underpinned in this study. Patients’ pre- and postoperative anxiety levels and demographics informed by literature reviewed were evaluated. Demographics included age, the level of education, mode of hospital bill payment, history of major illness, previous surgeries, current medication, smoking and the condition of the newborn. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in a private and a public hospital among patients undergoing emergency caesarean section. Sixty participants were purposively and systematically sampled from the postnatal ward admission registers using inclusion criteria. A structured questionnaire was used to assess participants’ demographics and care satisfaction. Anxiety levels were evaluated using Form Y-6. Ethical approval was obtained from the respective ethical review boards. Multivariate nonparametric statistical analyses using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 computer software was used to analyze data alongside descriptive statistics. Significant finding observed regarding demographics were on the level of education and mode of hospital hill payment. The highest level of education attained was tertiary 22(73.3%) in private compared to secondary level 14 (46.7%) in the public hospital. The mode of hospital bill payment was through companies’ medical schemes 24(80%) in private hospital and through National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) 22(73.3%) in public. Mann-Whitney U test showed statistically significant differences in only two out of the six anxiety defining statements assessed postoperatively. Participants at the public hospital felt calmer (z=-2.071, p=0.038<0.05) and more relaxed (z=-2.85, p=0.004<0.05) than those at the private hospital. Wilcoxon rank test yielded significant results for only one out of the six care satisfaction defining statements. Participants at the public hospital were more satisfied with the information given by the nurse about what is expected before and after surgery (z=-2.61, p=0.009<0.05) compared to private. This study evidences nurses’ ability to render satisfactory care to patients in emergency situations regardless of socio-patients’ demographic profile and type of hospital. There is need to initiate and sustain such care surveillance for quality auditing.

20-32

Authors: Gylych Jelilov; Raliat Alimi

The aim of the current study is to develop and analyze the contributions of entrepreneurship in the economic development through Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) development in Nigeria. The major findings of this study include the following: SMEs have played and continue to play significant roles in the growth, development, and industrialization of many economies the world over. In the case of Nigeria, SMEs have performed below expectation due to a combination of problems which ranges from attitude and habits of SMEs themselves through environmental related factors, instability of governments and frequent government policy changes etc. Promoters of SMEs should thus ensure the availability or possession of managerial capacity and acumen before pursuing financial resources for the development of the respective enterprise. In total Nigerian entrepreneurship has its own problems and relative solutions was done.

37-39

Authors: Qurat UI Ain Shah; Raza Sayani; Muhammad Anwar Saeed; Muhammad Asif Bilal

Objective: To review role of Trauma Series, established by American college of surgery for patients of multiple trauma, which include lateral cervical spine, AP chest, and anteroposterior pelvis in evaluation of trauma patient in our local set up. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out 10 months in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. Subject of our study were adult patients with blunt trauma who had undergone trauma series. Results: Total of 600 x-rays of 200 pa66tients were reviewed. The age range from 16 - 65 years (Mean 24.5 +/- 8.5). Trauma series was negative in 162 patients, as they had normal lateral cervical spine, anteroposterior chest, and anteroposterior pelvis x-rays, however it turned out to be positive in 38 patients. These 38 patients were received in Emergency with history of trauma among these most of the patients had the history of RTA. Out of 38 positive cases (total 45 sites of injury), 10 rib fracture, 10 fractures of clavicle,1 pneumothorax, 2 pleural effusion, 4 cervical spine fracture, 1 dislocation of cervical spine, 1 rudimentary intervertebral disc at C6-C7, 7 fracture of femur and 4 fracture of pubic rami,1 ischium fracture,2 iliac fracture, 1 hip dislocation,1 inter-trochanteric region fracture identified. Conclusion: Our review suggests that use of whole trauma series in evaluation of trauma in conscious patient is not necessary when adequate clinical information can be obtained. Instead, a selective approach by using individual component of whole trauma series in conscious patient may be effective.