Centro Agrícola

5-12

Authors: Daniel Perales-Rosas, Ricardo Hernández-Pérez, Dagoberto Guillén Sánchez, Víctor López Martínez, Irán AliaTejacal, Porrio Juárez López

The effect of the Poncho®, Cruiser® 5 FS and Tools® TS insecticides applied in sorghum seed treatment (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the germination, incidence and severity of M. sacchari/sorghi and agronomic variables was evaluated. The hybrid genotype sorghum used was Ambar 752E443K (Asgrow®). The treatments consisted in the application of Poncho® at doses 4, 5, 6 and 8 mL kg-1 of seed; Cruiser® 5 FS at a dose of 2.5, 3.5, 5 and 7 mL kg-1 of seed; Tools® TS at doses 5, 6, 7 and 9 g kg-1 of seeds and an absolute control treatment. No negative effects of the treatments were observed on the germination, with germination exceeding 96 % in all treatments. Doses of insecticides not exhibit a controlling effect on the populations of M. sacchari/sorghi. The effect of the insecticide treatments was not positive in the agronomic variables plant height, fresh leaf weight, fresh stem prisoner, fresh panicle weight, fresh grain weight, chlorophyll content and Brix degrees.

21-29

Authors: Juan José Reyes Pérez, Emmanuel Alexander Enríquez Acosta, Miguel Ángel Ramírez Arrebato, Aida Tania Rodríguez Pedroso, Marisol Rivero Herrada

With the objective of evaluating the influence of Chitosan on seedlings of tomato cultivars, an experiment was developed in shaded mesh house conditions, with control of temperature, relative humidity. Eight treatments were used which resulted from the combination of Pomodoro and Floradade tomato cultivars with three doses of Chitosan 1, 2 and 3 g L-1 and a control without application. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with three repetitions. 21 days after germination, evaluations were made to variables related to the growth and development of the crop. The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of principal components with Biplot representation and a double variance analysis and multiple means comparison were subsequently performed. When applying the principal component analysis two new variables were formed (C1, C2) that managed to explain 91.24 % of the total variance of the experiment. C1 presented the highest contribution with 85.66 %, which was characterized by the fresh and dry mass of the stem, the fresh and dry mass of the leaves, the fresh mass of the root, the diameter and length of the stem, as well as the concentration of N, P and K, in the foliar part of the plant. The analysis of variance showed that the doses that caused a greater positive effect on the cultivars in most of the variables evaluated were 1 and 2 g L-1.

44-52

Authors: Segundo Ramiro Mora Quilismal, Edith Aguila Alcantara, Vinicio Revelo Ruales, Hernán Benavides Rosales, Luis Balarezo Urresta

The present investigation assessed the effect of two biofertilizers Fosfotic and Safer micorrizas, alone or in combination, as complement to reductions in phosphorus chemical fertilizer, in the potato production in Andisols from Carchi. A field experiment with randomized block design (four replicates and 10 treatments) was carried out at the San Francisco Experimental Center of the Carchi State Polytechnic University between November 2017 and May 2018. The treatments used were selected from a previous experiment conducted in this same entity the previous year. The number and weight of tubers per plant, total and caliber production and total yield were evaluated, root dry weight and foliage phosphorus content were determined at 120 days; In addition, nutrient recovery efficiency was calculated. An economic analysis of the evaluated treatments was also performed. The combination of better productive results, greater efficiency in phosphorus absorption and good economic results was that of the treatment where the phosphorus fertilizer was reduced by 75 %, combined with both biofertilizers, followed by the treatment where the chemical fertilizer was reduced to 25 % and combined with safer mycorrhizae. The double reciprocal regression evidenced the influence of phosphorus on the production and quality of tubers. These treatments had a cost benefit ratio above 0.90, higher than the treatment with chemical fertilization.

61-64

Authors: Eulalia Gómez Santiesteban, Yusmila Guevara Verdecia, Ana N. San Juan Rodríguez, Teresita Lemes Rodríguez, Marlyn Pérez Rodríguez, Yusnel Cutiño

The use of plant growth promoting diazotrophic bacteria has occupied an important place in agricultural microbiology, Azospirillum being among the most promising. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NITROFIX® on the radical development of three varieties of sugarcane. Evaluations were made in plastic pots with a capacity of 2 Kg, placed on wooden supports to the environment with three varieties of cane, through an experimental design of randomized blocks with three replicas and three treatments: (C, T1, T2). The inoculation of Azospirillum sp., it provoked a stimulating response on the radical growth, which is why NITROFIX® is considered as a promising alternative of biofertilization in sugarcane plants.

65-68

Authors: Daina Rodríguez Miranda, Horacio Grillo Ravelo

The presence of insects is very common in poultry facilities. Some of these insects can transmit diseases so it is very important to know which species inhabit them. In this way, effective control measures can be used to help reduce the presence of insects. Information on this subject is scarce, therefore the objective was to determine the main taxonomic groups of insects present in the quail droppings, in a poultry farm in the central area of the province of Villa Clara. The results highlight the presence of the housefly, species of the order Diptera is a plague of relevance in poultry production.

5-15

Authors: Juan José Reyes-Pérez, Diana Rosa Aponte-Rodríguez, Dany Maikel Sariol-Sànchez, Emmanuel Alexander Enríquez-Acosta, César Ramiro Bermeo Toledo, Luis Tarquino Llerena Ramos

In the present work the repellent and molluscicidal activity was evaluated in laboratory conditions of the aqueous extracts of stinky sweet potato (Agdestis clematidea Moc. & Sessé ex DC) on the snail (Subulina octona Bruguière), in conditions of laboratory and of field, in an organic lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.) var. Black Seeded Simpson. The treatments consisted in the application of the extract at three concentrations 50, 75 and 100 % at a dose of 20 ml m-2 and a control with calcium oxide. The experimental random block design was used: evaluating the technical effectiveness of the repellent action and molluscicide of the extracts, number of individuals per square meter and damaged leaves of lettuce. The repellent and molluscicide action of the extract was demonstrated in laboratory conditions, achieving the best results when the extract was applied at a concentration of 100 %. In addition, the population of S. octona was reduced and the increase in damage to the leaves of the crop was limited, evidencing the possibility of using aqueous extract in the control of the pest.

22-29

Authors: Amalia Domínguez Suárez, Rodolfo Darias Rodríguez, Yordanys Martínez Dávalos, Elianis Alfonso Negrín

The selection of tolerant varieties of bean to the drought can constitute a strategy that permit minimizing the effect of the hydric deficit on the yield and the quality of the bean grain. The objective of work was to identify more tolerant varieties to the drought, at the farmstead Sabanilla of her CCS "Sabino Pupo", Unión de Reyes. The morphologic characteristic and common bean indicators of yield of eight varieties (CC 25-9 R, BAT 58, Güira 89, CC 25-9 white, CC 25-9 black, Tomeguín, Velazco Largo and BAT 304) were evaluated, in different conditions: four irrigations (drought) and ten irrigations (optimal conditions of humidity). With the results of reproductive index (IR), sensibility index to drought (ISS) and the percentage of losses of the yield (PR) allowed bring to a following conclusion: the varieties more tolerant behavior in the conditions of experimentation where: Tomeguín, BAT 304 and CC 25-9 R and the more susceptible: Velazco Largo and y CC 25-9 black.

39-48

Authors: Juan José Reyes-Pérez, Marco Pérez-Santo, Dany Maikel Sariol-Sánchez, Emmanuel Alexander Enríquez-Acosta, César Ramiro Bermeo Toledo, Luis Tarquino Llerena Ramos

The present Investigative work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of different doses of bovine dung on indicators of development and the performance of rice. A randomized block design with six treatments was used: control (without fertilization), 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 t ha-1 of cow manure and four replications. The height of the plants, agricultural yield, full grains for plants, full grains and vain for panicles were evaluated. The results showed significant increases in the yield of rice compared to the control with values that ranged between 0.30 and 2.2 t ha-1, standing out the treatment with 60 t ha-1 as the most effective. The application of this organic fertilizer allows to increase the rice production in a friendly way for the health of man and the environment.

58-66

Authors: Pedro Martínez Campos, Olga Lidia Haramboure Camacho, Víctor Daniel Gil Díaz, Manuel Emilio Montes de Oca Fuentes, Isbel Rodríguez Seijo

Research was carried out in the period from December 2017 to March 2018 in the "San José" farm, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative "El Vaquerito" of Santa Clara municipality, with the objective of recognizing the existing weeds in the common bean crop and its influence on agricultural yield in intermediate sowing season. The sowing of the cultivar "Milagro Villareño" took place on December 9, 2017, on a moderately washed soft Brown soil, in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. To determine the composition of the population of weeds, five samples were taken by the diagonal method. The indices of relative abundance and similarity of the weeds were determined. The harvest was made at 87 days after sowing, at which time 10 plants were randomly chosen by plot for a total of 30 for treatment, to which were evaluated: effective legumes per plant, effective seeds per legume and effective seeds per plant; as well as the mass of 100 effective seeds per treatments. Agricultural yields were also estimated in each treatment. The population of weeds was represented by 15 species, of which Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. and Portulaca oleraceae L. reached the highest values of relative abundance. The highest agricultural yield was obtained when weed control was applied up to 60 days after the sowing.

76-85

Authors: Marta Barrera Fontanet, Gerardo Javier Cervera Duverger, Leonides Peña Rivera, Agustín Cobas Elías, Midiala Peña Prades, Odalis Barquié Pérez

In order to evaluate the percentage of weed cover in different cultivation techniques, a study was made of the population of weeds, in the production unit "Manuel Sánchez" of the Sugar Company "Argeo Martinez", Guantánamo, between April and July 2014, in the 1st shoot strain, variety C90-647, on a soil alluvial, compacted, from 24 days after the mechanized harvest. The percentage of coverage, wealth, dominance and species diversity were evaluated in five management techniques and three replications, as well as the economic valuation. The results showed that the coverage percentage varied indistinctly by treatment and remained below 1.4 % from 30 days until the study stage was concluded. The Margalef index was higher for the Deep Cultivation treatment 1.10 + 1.60 m, while the similarity index for all the combinations at 90 days after assembly showed imbalance of species between treatments with values lower than 0.5. The diversity of weeds showed that a total of 11 weed species inhabited the area with a predominance of the Poaceae; relative abundance was observed in five species with superiority of Cynodon dactylon revealing a gradual decrease in the Deep Cultivation treatment 1.10 + 1.60 m during the period. The lowest and highest cost for clean days, was for the treatments Unaltered coverage of crop residues and deep cultivation 1.10 + 1.60 m respectively.

96-98

Authors: Melisa María Hernández Pérez, Manuel Díaz Castellanos

The work was carried out in the "San Ramón" farm of Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province, with the objective of determining the energy efficiency of the common bean cultivar Buenaventura. For this purpose, the energy equivalents of the inputs and outputs of the system were used. The sources of direct energy (fossil fuels) and indirect energy (fertilizers, pesticides and seeds) were taken into account. The results showed that this cultivar was very efficient energetically with a value of 1.57. The largest amount of energy consumed in the system was determined by chemical synthesis inputs (fertilizers and pesticides).

5-12

Authors: Juana Mercedes Pérez Pérez, Ana Nelis San Juan Rodríguez, María Laura Tortora, Lucia Vera, Mario Casas González

Azospirillum is a bacterium that produces growth and yields increments due to its capacity of fix atmospheric nitrogen and to produce phytohormones. In Cuba, the 8-INICA strain of Azospirillum sp. has been used successfully in sugarcane biofertilization and others economical crops. The morphological and biochemical characterization of this stain showed similarity with the species A. brasilense. Due to the importance of this strain in the biofertilization works carried out in our country, the aim of this paper was to confirm the identity of this strain through immunoenzymatic and molecular techniques.

22-29

Authors: Yakelin Cobo Vidal, Elio Angarica Baró, George Martín Gutiérrez, Adrián Serrano Gutiérrez, Juan Alejandro Villazón Gómez

The study was developed with the objective of evaluating the zinc content available in five profiles of Chromic Vertisol, its distribution within the soil profile and the relationship with some chemical properties. The samples were taken in areas dedicated to the agricultural activity in Mayarí municipality, Holguín province. The variables evaluated were: pH, available phosphorus and potassium, organic matter and the interchangeable cations: calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. The available zinc was determined by extraction with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The results showed deficiencies of zinc available in the five soil profiles, with average values between 0.23 and 0.30 mg kg-1, according to the established critical levels. The highest concentration of zinc occurred in the superficial horizon with a tendency to decrease with depth. The available zinc variability was low within the study area, influenced mainly by the assimilable levels of phosphorus in the soil profile.

38-45

Authors: Marlen Cárdenas Morales, Mayrelis Lavastida Pérez, Rosabel Rodríguez Rojas, Edilberto Pozo Velazquez, Roberto Valdés Herrera

In the laboratory of Insect Pathology of the Center for Agricultural Research (CIAP), between the months of February to June 2018, this study was conducted with the objective of determining the population increase of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera; Crysomelidae) in 23 common bean cultivars. The oviposition of the insects on the seeds, the increase of the number of insects and the reduction of the weight of the seeds in the second generation were determined. In the 23 cultivars evaluated the insect reproduced, the largest increases were over Mulangri 112, P 2170, Quivicán and Milagro Villareño. The presence of Z. subfasciatus on the cultivars BAT 304 and Holguin 518 did not cause considerable losses in the period evaluated.

58-63

Authors: Justo Antonio Rojas Rojas, Cristhian Eduardo Maldonado Vargas, Oscar Sebastián Meza Zambrano, Yosbel Lazo Roger, Juan Carlos Palacios Peñafiel

The objective of this work was to evaluate two types of traps with attractants for monitoring of the black boll weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) and the striped weevil (Metamasius spp.) in the plantain crop. The treatments resulted from the combination of the two types of trap (one handmade canister 4 L and the other with pseudostem), with the four types of natural attractants, plus a control treatment. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block bifactorial arrangement (DBCA) with nine treatments and four repetitions. The monitoring of the adults captured and the reactivation of all the traps was carried out weekly. The pseudostem trap was found to have a better catch average of 3.11 black weevils and 7.81 of striped weevils. The combination of the trap of pseudostem and ripe banana fruit as attractant, turned out to be the one with the highest capture with an average of 10.82 specimens and differs significantly with the rest of the combinations. The number of specimens captured of the black boll weevil increases as temperatures decrease in the locality of El Carmen.

72-83

Authors: Angel Gabriel Polanco Rodríguez, Teresa Virginia Magaña Castro, Jorge Cetz Luit, Rocío Quintal López

The indiscriminate use of highly toxic agrochemicals and especially the herbicide glyphosate, are of global concern nowadays, since they produce high pollution impacts for the aquifer and public health. The karstic soils of Yucatan, Mexico, are extremely vulnerable to contamination of the aquifer, due to the easy filtration of pollutants. There is evidence of contamination of the Yucatan aquifer, Mexico, by organochlorine pesticides, as well as its bioaccumulation in blood of women with cancer and breast milk, due to agricultural activities. In order to characterize the knowledge on the handling of agrochemicals, interviews were conducted, aimed at farmers and housewives in the municipalities of Tekáx, Oxkutzkab and Dzán, in the agricultural area at Yucatan. To the information process were used the STAT, SPSS, ArcMap, and Ethnograph programs were used. The results indicate the use of 69 classes of agrochemicals, among them, organochlorinated pesticides such as lindane and endosulfan 23 %, DDT 13 %, heptachlor 10 %, aldrin 10 %. Likewise, 55 % of the farmers reported using the glyphosate herbicide for the production of soybeans. In the backyard production, women use agrochemicals for the production of vegetables and pest control of small animal species. The results show the use of pesticides banned and / or restricted by international organizations, as well as glyphosate for the production of soybean, representing high impacts for human health and the aquifer. It is recommended to apply the international norms, as well as educational programs with agroecological basis on sustainable agriculture, avoiding applying carcinogenic agrochemicals.

93-103

Authors: Mariuxi T. Morocho, Michel Leiva-Mora

Clean agricultural production system currently is a priority in the agricultural development programs of several countries. The efficient microorganisms (EM) since the 80s thanks to research of the scientist Teruo Higa, professor of horticulture at the University of Ryukyus in Okinawa, Japan. He proved EM is an efficient and sustainable alternative in the production of food. The aim of this work is to develop and summarize part of published information in the last 10 years related with EM, their functional properties and agricultura applications. EM is a group of great microbial diversity among which: lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi with fermentative capacity are distinguished. From an agricultural point of view, EM promotes the germination of seeds, flowering, growth and development of fruits and allows a more successful reproduction in plants. Additionally, it has been shown that they improve the physical structure of soils, increase their chemical fertility and suppress several plant pathogenic agents that cause diseases in numerous crops. From a physiological point of view, it has been determined that EM increases the photosynthetic capacity of crops, as well as up take of water and nutrients. Application of EM improves quality and reduces the maturation times of organic fertilizers, particularly compost. All these aspects explain the increase in agricultural yield and the widespread use of EMs as well as products derived from them such as bioles.

5-12

Authors: Irma García Cruz, Elio Minel del Pozo Núñez, Yoisel Hernández Pérez

This work was carried out in the Plant Protection Laboratory at the Agronomy Faculty of the Agrarian University of La Habana and its objective was to evaluate mass production and conservation of isolate Ma-005 belonging to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, which was obtained from a soil sample of the "El Guayabal" property, in the municipality of San José de las Lajas, using the insect bait technique. In this study, it was evaluated: biomass production in liquid culture media, production of conidia in solid substrates and conidia conservation in different oils. The greatest biomass production was reached when the molasses-yeast ratio in the substrate was 10:30 or 20:30 g L-1 with an incubation time of 72 h. Among the evaluated solid substrates, rice and sorgo were the most favorable for conidia production. All used oils kept the conidia viability over the 70 % for six months.

18-23

Authors: Yosvel Enrique Olivet Rodríguez, Alfonso Ortiz Rodríguez, Daimara Cobas Hernández

The present work was carried out in the UBPC Antonio Maceo Grajales (El Palmar), located in the Agricultural and Livestock Company “Paquito Rosales” in the province of Granma, Cuba. It was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of two minimized farming systems on a Fluvisol soil for the cultivation of beans, taking into account the behavior of humidity of the soil and the cultivation ́s agricultural yields. The treatments under study were: T1 for minimized farming and T2 for reduced farming. T1 consisted of the plowing of the soil with multi-plowing device followed by one pass of disc harrow. T2 is considered a variant of the previous treatment followed by two perpendicular passes of disc harrow. As results T1 obtained the best behavior in maintaining a better conservation of the soil in the profile of 0-30 cm depth. The highest humidity content (29,21 %) was obtained at the fourth observation date, which facilitated better root penetration and cultivation development, reaching an agricultural yield of 0,97 t ha -1 , 28 % higher than the one obtained by T2.

31-36

Authors: Daniel Perales-Rosas, Maykel Hernández-Aro, Mairel Valle-de la Paz, Agustín Peralta-Fernando

A study was conducted in the State of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, to evaluate the biological effectiveness of the insecticide Singular 350 SC (Imidacloprid) for control of sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) in the sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Variety: Nikel. A randomized complete block design was implemented, with five treatments and four repetitions; evaluating three doses of Singular 350 SC, a regional control consist in 300 mL ha-1 of Confidor 350 SC and an absolute witness, without insecticides. Two applications were made with a motorized sprayer backpack coupled with two full cone nozzles, being calibrated to apply a total volume of 391 L ha-1. The number of colonies, the yellow aphid infestation and the Abbott efficacy were evaluated at four times. The three doses of Singular 350 SC showed good efficiencies in the control of the number of live colonies and infestation of yellow aphid in sorghum, being greater than 85 % from the first and second evaluation date respectively. The treatments of Singular 350 SC at doses of 250 and 300 mL ha-1 were outstanding, with efficiency percentages higher than 85 % from the first evaluation.

42-48

Authors: Oguelys Rodríguez Pérez, Sinesio Torres García, Ubaldo Alvarez Hernández

With the purpose of evaluating the effect of the applications of Mancozeb 80 WP in the appearance of the green stain in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), an experiment was carried out in areas of the Cooperative of Credits and Services "Eduardo Reyes Canto in the municipality of Santa Clara, Cuba, from November 2014 to June 2015 on a softly washed brown soil. The tobacco cultivars Havana 2000, Criollo 98 and Corojo 99 were used. The experiments were carried out under production conditions, in plantations of covered tobacco.Three treatments were included, consisting of two, three and four applications of Mancozeb 80 PH with a dose of 2 kg ha-1. At the time of harvest, the leaves corresponding to each treatment were marked and at the end of the drying process, the number of leaves with green spots per plant was determined.To evaluate the effect of the interval between harvest and the last application of the fungicide in the appearance of the green spot, they were carried out four fungicide applications on each leaf, and three moments settled down for the crop: to the 7, 10 and 13 days after the last application. For each experiment 108 leaves were evaluated by treatment. The results showed that with the increase in the applications of Mancozeb 80 PH and the exposure time on the leaves, the percentage of green spot in them increased. The most susceptible cultivar was Habana 2000, while Criollo 98 was the most tolerant.

54-57

Authors: Belyani Vargas Batis, José Orlando del Toro Rivera, Ernesto Jesús Rodríguez Suárez, Miriela Rizo Mustelier, Yoannia Gretel Pupo Blanco

The objective of the work was to identify the medicinal potential of the existing weed flora in suburban farms of Santiago de Cuba taking into account the perception of the inhabitants of the communities near these productive systems. The study area was divided into four geographical zones according to the layout of the farms. An ethnobotanical study was carried out grouping the answers according to consensus among the informants. To some extent, 59 of the weed species are used as medicinal. Roots and leaves are the most commonly used (decoction) organs, attributing anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic and anticatarral effects.

62-65

Authors: Guillermo Rodríguez Alonso

The link culture tourism and the need of modern societies not to exceed the limits of nature when trying to meet the economic needs of individuals or peoples are reviewed. People and communities, with their customs and lifestyles contribute to the tourist experience and the perpetuity of cultural forms and expressions. It is concluded that the Agrotourism, as a variant linked to the modality of Nature Tourism, has as purpose the satisfaction of certain segments of the tourist market interested in the knowledge of the rural culture and the countryside and promotes new forms of coexistence in the regional contexts of tourism from maintaining environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.