Centro Agrícola

11-16

Authors: María Izquierdo Martínez, Yoerlandy Santana Baños, Adalmarys García Cabañas, Sergio Carrodeguas Díaz, Irisley Aguiar González, Michel Ruiz Sanchez, Benito Faure Álvarez, Leticia Monrabal Hernández

The research work was developed in the Credit and Services Cooperative "26 de Julio" of the Consolación del Sur municipality, Pinar del Río. The agronomic response of five common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was determined for the agroclimatic conditions of the study area, from November 2015 to January 2016. The cultivars evaluated were 'CUFIG 48', 'CUL 156', 'Tomeguín 93', 'Delicias 364' and 'Buenaventura'. Sowing was carried out at 0.60 x 0.07 m and cultural care was carried out according to the indications established in the technical guide for bean cultivation. There were significant differences in the agronomic response of the cultivars against the agroclimatic conditions of the study area, although the agricultural yield of 'Buenaventura' and 'Delicias 364' exceeded the 'Tomeguín 93' by more than 35 %. In addition, it is shown that the dry mass of 100 seeds and the number of legumes per plant were the variables with the greatest influence on the agricultural yield of the crop.

27-31

Authors: Luis Gustavo González Gómez, María Caridad Jiménez Arteaga, Dayana Castillo Cruz1, Irisneisy Paz Martínez, Angel Yurlian Cambara Rodríguez, Alejandro Falcón Rodríguez

The work was carried out in the organic farm "Las Marianas", municipality of Jiguaní county Granma, with the objective of evaluating the agronomic answer of the cultivation of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety INIVIT to the application of QuitoMax. The treatments applied were T1: Control Treatment, T2: 200 mg ha-1, T3: 300 mg ha-1, T4: 350 mg ha-1 and T5: 400 mg ha-1, the distance of seeding between rows was 0.9 m and the distance between plants 0.22 m. The indicators number of fruits per plant, fruit mass (g), average length of fruits (cm), average diameter of fruits (cm), yield (kg m-²), and economic valuation were measured. A randomized block design with five treatments and three replications was used. Means were assessed by analysis of variance (simple classification) and Duncan test for a 5% significance using the Estatistica package version 8. The best results in the evaluated variables were obtained with the T5 treatment: 400 mg ha-1 and from the economic point of view, it was more feasible to reach the highest agricultural yield with a value of 3.9 kg m-2 and a value of the production of 11.7 CUP m-2.

37-43

Authors: Martha Geisa Travieso Torres, Tania Lambert García, Yoannia Gretel Pupo Blanco, Luis Antonio Tamayo López, Ricardo Gómez Machado, Willian Rubén Galindo jaguaco y Elio Lescay Batista

To know the effects of different doses of earthworm humus and bovine manure on the main performance indicators of the soybean crop, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, variety Incasoy-27, an experiment was developed in the spring season (April -July 2012) on a Cambisol soil of the Bayamo municipality. In harvest maturity a sample of 10 plants per plot was taken and were evaluated the following indicators: number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, weight of 100 seeds (g) and agricultural yield was estimated (t ha-1). The data were processed by analysis of variance of double classification and, in case of significant difference between treatments; the Tukey test was used in the comparison of the means. The results showed a positive effect of the different doses of both fertilizers applied, reflected in the yield and its components, highlighting the earthworm humus in the dose of 6 t ha-1 with increases of the yield of 1.77 t ha-1 respect to the control.

51-58

Authors: Pedro Cairo Cairo, Otani Alvares Alonso, Yamisey Yera Yera, Alianny Rodríguez Urrutia, Álvaro Mollineda, Pedro Torres Artiles y Oralia Rodríguez López

The production of bamboo biomass in reforestation projects can contribute to the regeneration of degraded soils. The work was carried out at the Center for Agricultural Research of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, with the objective of evaluating the quality of bamboo biomass as an alternative to recover degraded soils. A chemical characterization of bamboo biomass, represented by bamboo litter, bamboo humus, bamboo compost and a reference control constituted by earthworm humus from other organic substrates, was carried out. Ash, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn and Fe were evaluated. An experiment was carried out under semi-controlled conditions with 6 randomized block design treatments with the substrates described. Samples were taken from the experiment for the microbiological analysis of fungal and actinomycete bacteria. In addition, an experimental plot was assembled (two representative areas, one of bamboo of 5 years of established, to study the behavior of the species and changes in the soil from 30 cm to 5 m away from the seedling, and another area without bamboo representing the reference of degraded soil (RSD). Samples were taken at the depth of 0-10 cm to evaluate the state of the structure and the consistency of the soil. The results show that the quality of the bamboo biomass significantly improves the biological properties of the soil as well as structure and its consistency.

66-72

Authors: Héctor Jorge Suárez, Antonio Menéndez Sierra, Randy Atencio Valdespino e Irenaldo Delgado Mora

The results are presented in areas with environmental stress (Capellanía and La Palmita) in the Ingenio Ofelina of Panama, whose limiting factors are drought and bad drainage respectively. 34 genotypes were studied, 24 in Locality one and 29 in the two, coinciding 18 in both sites. The trials were evaluated in the first shoot strain, the harvest variables studied were, t ha-1 cane, percentage of pol in cane and t pol ha-1. As a result, the analysis of main components explained 85.50 % of the total variation and allowed to characterize the localities. The cultivars with the best performance in Locality one were B0072, CT-14, E07-11, CT-41 and E07-14, while the cultivars CP89-2143, CT-14 and E07-11 stood out in the 2, coinciding in both sites E07-11 and CT-14. The highest contribution to the total phenotypic variance corresponded to the environmental effects for the percentage of pol in cane (83.15 %) and t pol ha-1 (47.62 %) while for the cane ha-1 it was the interaction genotype environment.

81-87

Authors: María Aracely Vera Loor, Alexander Bernal Cabrera, Michel Leiva Mora, Amstrong Edison Agustín Vera Loor, Danilo Vera Coello, Sofía Peñaherrera Villafuerte, Karina Solís Hidalgo, Pedro Terrero Yépez, Vicente Eduardo Jiménez Guerrero

The present work was carried out with the objective of updating the state of existing information on the endophytic microorganisms associated with Theobroma cacao L., as agents of biological control of moniliasis, caused by Moniliophthora roreri Evans et al. It is summarized on the origin and evolution of the definitions of endophytic microorganisms, emphasizing the biological control of cocoa diseases with emphasis on moniliasis, one of the most important phytosanitary problems worldwide; as well as an assessment of their employment prospects. Fungal and bacterial endophytes have several mechanisms of action, which include direct competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, induced systemic resistance and promotion of growth; functions that are part of the strategies for an effective and sustainable management of the frosty pod rot.

92-94

Authors: Maritza Jacinta Sánchez-Pentón, Idelfonso Castañeda-Noa, Iban Arredondo-Quevedo

The importance, and to promote knowledge and use of these resources by the population, a catalog of species of plants in the areas of living collections Botanical Garden Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas was made.