Centro Agrícola

5-12

Authors: Dianella Iglesias, Katia Ojito-Ramos, Claudia Linares Rivero y Orelvis Portal

Tomato is a horticultural crop with high acceptance worldwide, which is affected for several pathogens in those who find Stemphyllium solani Weber, responsible for the gray leaf spot. The control of this disease is based on application of chemical fungicides, which increase production costs and cause pollution to the environment, so the search for methods of agroecological control is necessary, as is the use of plant extracts. The aim of this work was to determine the "in vitro" antifungal activity of Critus spp. extracts against S. solani. The extracts were obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction and then the total phenols content was quantified. For each extract was established the minimal inhibitory concentration, and then was determined the percentage of inhibition of micelial growth and the percentage of inhibition of conidial germination. In all extracts were obtained concentrations of totals phenols highest than 36 mg equivalent to galic acid mL-1 of extracts. The ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantium var. sinensis (L.) Osbeck showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against S. solani. The tested extracts, except C. aurantium L. in ethanol, showed percentages of inhibition of mycelial growth of S. solani of 100 %. However, only the extracts of C. aurantium var. sinensis in ethanol and Citrus reticulata Blanco in methanol showed percentages of inhibition of conidial germination of 100 %, so they were selected as the most effective in the in vitro control of S. solani.

20-27

Authors: Xavier Cayetano Muñoz Conforme, Washington Filamir Comboza Quijano, Esmeralda Jazmín Lara Obando, María Virginia Mendoza García, Nelly Narcisa Mejia Zambrano, Julio Cesar Lopez Mendoza, Nuvia Lucrecia Moran Sanchez

The work was carried out in farmers' fields of located in the area of Portoviejo, province of Manabí; with the objective of evaluating two biological insecticides, Methakill and Baukill with doses of 5, 10 and 15 mL L-1 of water for the control of S. frugiperda, being evaluated the populations of the insect before and after the application of the same. A Full Random Block Design was used, with three replicates. The chemical treatment (Lambda Cyhalothrin + Tiametoxan 1.5 mL L-1 of water) presented the lowest averages of damage (6.47 %), followed by the treatment that consisted of the spraying of Methakill in doses of 15 mL L-1 water with 10.57 % damage. The Control treatment had the highest percentages of involvement with 27.78 %. The highest yields were obtained in the treatments where Lambda Cyhalothrin + Tiametoxan 1.5 mL L-1 water and Methakill 15 mL L-1 water were applied, statistically equal to each other with 7989.24 and 6919.43 kg ha-1 respectively. The best Marginal Return Rate was obtained using the Methakill treatment 15 mL L-1 of water with 1043.45 %.

36-42

Authors: Wilfredo Estrada Prado, Licet Chávez Suárez, Eduardo Jerez Mompie, María Caridad Nápoles García, Ariel Sosa Rodríguez, Cristóbal Cordoví Dominguez y Fernando Celeiro Rodríguez

The effect of Azofert® on the induction of tolerance of bean varieties to water deficit was evaluated. The experiment was developed during the period 2013-2014 at the Cooperative for Credits and Services Strengthened "Roberto Aguilar", Bayamo municipality, Granma, Cuba. Varieties CC-25-9R and Tomeguín-93 were used, which were applied four treatments, consisting of normal irrigation conditions throughout the crop cycle and conditions of water deficit at the beginning of flowering, formation and filling of the pods. In each case Azofert® was applied, with a dose of 200 mL per 50 kg of seed at the time of planting and as controls treatments were used without the application of this product. A randomized block design was used according to divided plots and four replicates. Ten plants were selected at random for each treatment to evaluate pod length (cm), pod width (mm), pod diameter (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pods, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant (g), weight of 100 seeds (g), as well as yield (t ha-1). The results showed the significant effect of Azofert ® in increasing tolerance to the water deficit of the studied varieties.

49-55

Authors: Elvis López Bravo, Anderso Javier Andrade Rivera , Miguel Herrera Suárez, Omar Gonzalez Cueto y Armando García de la Figal Costales

The goal of the present work was to determine the main properties of a compost made from bagasse, slowness and ash, obtained from the sugar factory process. To elaborate the mixture a characterization of the raw material was carried out in function of the properties related to the composting process. During the process of anaerobic biodigestion, the control of the main monitoring parameters was carried out, until reaching the maturation state. In the raw material used a bulk density of 0.12 to 0.48 g cm-3 was found, the pH oscillated between 5.2 and 8.7, while the electrical conductivity was in the range of 0,4 to 0,9 µ m-1. On the other hand, the contents of P, K, Ca and Mg showed values between 0.3 and 2.8 %. Finally, a bulk density of 0.5 g cm-3 was obtained in the compost. The carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, showed a linear relation with respect to the time of composting, showing a suitable maturation of the mixture. The presence of N, P, K, Ca and Mg with values of 1; 1.3; 1.1; 2 and 1.1 % were also verified. After evaluating the results it is concluded that compost shows a suitable composition to be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.

65-70

Authors: Ricardo Gómez Machado, Marta Travieso Torres, Luis Antonio Tamayo López, Yoannia Gretel Pupo Blanco

The experiment was developed in the Granma University's productive area, with the objective of evaluating the alone and combined earthworm humus application effect with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on G7R-315 variety soybean cultivation. Six treatments were evaluated: T1 Control, T2 B. japonicum, T3 earthworm humus (6 t ha-1), T4 B. japonicum + earthworm humus (6 t ha-1), T5 earthworm humus (8 t ha-1), T6 B. japonicum + earthworm humus (8 t ha-1) on a brown soil. A randomized block design was used with three replicas. The evaluated variables were: number per plant leguminous; weigh from 100 seeds and agricultural yield. The data obtained were processed by double classification variance analysis, applied a Turkey's multivariate statistical analysis. It was found that treatments that included the earthworm humus, the evaluated variables shown superior significantly results and it differed of the control treatment and to the aloneB. japonicum application.

88-90

Authors: Eldo Yoel Flores del Castillo y René Luis Pérez Polanco

Evaluation of lines and cultivars of rice against the fungus infection Pyricularia grisea in Sancti Spìritus province

91-93

Authors: Víctor Alonso Román Posligua , Justo Antonio Rojas Rojas , Karen Jessenia Ostaiza Mendoza

Evaluation of four types of traps for monitoring Metamasius hemipterus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in barraganete plantain