Centro Agrícola

15-20

Authors: Delvis Valdés Zayas, Reynaldo Ramírez Piñeda, María Chaviano Gómez, Idia Bautista Morales Ortiz, Ana Celia Duarte Chaviano

Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, coffee berry borer is considered the pest that bigger causes damage, to coffee production all over the world. It is an insect of difficult handling with the traditional control methods by mean of insecticides. For this reason the Strategy of Integrated Handling of this Plague take into consideration since manual collection of the insect up the employment of biological controls. The last alternative is one of the more appealed by coffee farmers due to the minor cost. That’s why with the realization of this work the levels of effectiveness of several doses of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the control of H. hampei were evaluated. There were not significant differences between the three doses evaluated so it is suggested the employment of the dose of 500 million for hectare for the control of the plague because it is the most economic dose.

29-35

Authors: Joaquín Montalván Delgado, Isabel Alfonso Terry, Javier Delgado Padrón, Omelio Carvajal Jaime, Osmani Aday Díaz, José Rodríguez Zayas, Mónica Tamayo Isaac e Ivia Pouza Sierra

The sugarcane brown rust disease is caused by fungus Puccinia melanocephala Sydow & P. Sydow and it is one of the more importance diseases. The environment where the sugarcane is cultivated is constituted by numerous factors and its combination contributes to the formation of different development and production conditions, what influences in the varietal disease resistance. With the objective of to characterize and to define the resistance tests location to the brown rust disease were carried out experiments in 6 location of the country. Eleven varieties and six patterns were studied. The climatic variables were analyzed during the period in each location and they were carried out evaluations in different ages of the plant and number of the leaves. The quantity of pustules, long of the most frequent pustules, size of the biggest pustules and area percentage occupied by pustules were evaluated. The data were analyzed statistically. Differential behavior of the locations and the importance of the relative humidity and the temperatures in the manifestation of the disease symptoms were proven. All the locations were important although similarity exists between Matanzas and Villa Clara and between Camagüey and Holguín. Mayabeque and Santiago de Cuba didn’t present similarity with any other one. These 6 locations can be used for the resistance tests and to define the progenitors’ Santiago de Cuba, Holguín, Villa Clara and Mayabeque.

44-47

Authors: Justo A. Rojas Rojas, Pablo L. Anrango Mantilla, Manuel de J. Jumbo Romero

In the second half of 2013 the species that are part of the diversity of flora in agroecosystems cattle ranching bovine in Canton El Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador were determined. A total of 13 botanical species of which Sida acuta Burm. had the highest records with 29.7 % of dominance and a frequency of 51.0 %, followed by the species Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC, Pavonia sidifolia Kunth and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl. These five species were found to be the most dominant and frequent with respect to all the species found. The Jaccard coefficient showed 53,8 % similarity regarding diversity of plant species.

55-61

Authors: Alexander Bernal Cabrera, Aliesky Fleites Poch y Rafael Sosa Martinez

In order to evaluate the antifungal activity of Spathodea aqueous extracts, as a viable alternative for the control of bean rust, this work was realize in an field independent farmer in Corralillo municipality, Villa Clara province, between January and May 2014. For this, aqueous extracts from leaves and flowers were applied at 5 and 10 % on BAT-304 bean variety. The experiment was made under a design of random blocks with six treatments and three replications. The extract applications began from 30 days of age (flowering) and the last 65 days, with a frequency of five days. It was objetive determining the infection intensity and rust distribution in each one of the treatments as well as their effect on quantitative variables (number of pustules/leaf, pustules diameter and yield. As results was found that the aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers of S. campanulata, showed antifungal activity against Uromyces phaseoli applied at 10 %.

71-76

Authors: Reinaldo Demesio Alemán Pérez, Javier Domínguez Brito, Yoel Rodríguez Guerra y Sandra Soria Re

The work was developed in the Centre of research, postgraduate and conservation of the Amazon biodiversity (CIPCA) which belong to the Amazon State University (UEA), of Ecuador, located in the Arosemena Tola canton, in the Napo province. It consisted in studying the morphological and productive indicators in SYTA variety of tomato under greenhouse conditions. Compost and foliar fertilizer were applied. The seedling was mounted on trays of 128 alveoli with commercial peat substrate. Thirty one days after germination, plantlets were transplanted by the method to three rolls in beds of 1.20 m wide adequately prepared. Morphological indicators have shown a good general development under these conditions. Performance components of tomato under the Amazon Ecuadorian conditions obtained similar productions to the indicators obtained in other regions.

85-90

Authors: Javier Sobrino Jiménez, Aniurka Fernandez Valero, Isabel Ortega Mesequer, Leónides Castellanos González

The investigation was developed during October and November of 2012 in order to evaluate the efficacy as insecticide of the Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urban (maguey) extract, against Plutella xylostella L., pest of economic importance in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) crop. The research was carried out in Abreus municipality of the Cienfuegos province by mean of laboratory assays and a field experiment in order to determine the efficacy of the natural extract of the plant on the plague, obtained from the juice of the leaves of Furcraea hexapetala extracted in a “trapiche” (mill used to extract the juice of the stem of sugar cane).The laboratory assay was carried out “in vitro” using larvae of P. xylostella fed with cabbage leaves in Petri dish. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments: extract of F. hexapetala at 100, 50, 25, 12.5 % and a control with only water. In the field experiment using random block designs were evaluated the same treatments of the extract used in the laboratory assay, including a control without any aplication. The plots had 100 m2. In both laboratory assay as at field experiment, the extract of F. hexapetala increased the efficacy against P. xylostella with concentrations of 25 % or higher. The extract of F. hexapetala to 25 % was effective under laboratory and field conditions, for that reason constitutes a good candidate to use it in the control of this pest.