Centro Agrícola

11-18

Authors: Ricardo Augusto Luna Murillo, Juan José Reyes Pérez, Ringo John López Bustamante, Mariana Reyes Bermeo, Antonio Alava Murillo, Alfonso Velasco Martínez, Guido Álvarez Perdomo, Héctor Castillo Vera, Dolores Magaly Cedeño Troya, Ramón Macías Pettao

Organic fertilizers are biofertilizers for crop treatment as activators of the physiologic functions, so that its application makes better use of nutrients and represent an appropriate option to address the problems of chemical fertilization. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of two organic fertilizers on the growth and development of pepper plants, which were subjected to different doses of these fertilizers in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. The work was developed in the Experimental Center “The Beach”, belonging to the Technical University of Cotopaxi, extension La Maná. The stem length, number of fruits, fruit diameter, and fresh biomass of the fruit were measured. The results showed that the pepper plants with the application of organic fertilizers stimulated the variables height of the plant, number of fruits, long of the fruit, diameter of the fruits and fresh biomass of the fruits.

27-33

Authors: Lianet González Díaz, Sergio Rodríguez Morales, Juan Ramón Gálvez Guerra y Handy Mollineda Castro

This work is part of an intensive Program of Genetic Improvement in Musa spp. through hybridizations, which holds the Research Institute of Tropical Viandas (INIVIT). For this were conducted pollen fertility tests in different cultivars of bananas and plantains and it was studied a set of combinations from preselected male and female parents from National Germplasm Bank of Musa, it is conserved “ex situ” in areas of Institute, with the objective of to determine male and female fertility in some clones and the most efficient combinations to obtain new hybrids. It was obtained as a result that the highest rates of fertility were for bananas cultivars (AA) ‘SH-3142’ (95.1 %), ‘SH-3362’ (94.4 %). ‘Calcuta–4’ (99.1 %), ‘Paka’ (96.5 %) and ‘Pisang Jary Buaya’ (98.1 %), the latter reported by first time under our conditions as a new male parent and they were successful in obtaining hybrid most combinations made between cooking bananas and synthetic diploid or improved (‘SH-3362’ and ‘SH-3142’). Triploid cultivar ‘FHIA-25’, to show fewer fertile grains (17.6) and produce seeds in all combinations, reaffirms its status as maternal line.

45-51

Authors: Elian Bravo Alé, Victor Manuel Hernández Betancourt, Jorge Enrique Morales Mirabal

The investigation was carried out in Topes de Collantes with the objective of evaluating two methods of “vernalization” of Allium cepa L. var., Caribe 71 in natural conditions. Two groups of bulblets (from the previous harvest) were selected and subjected to methods different vernalization, the conventional (storage in cold storage at temperatures between 2 and 3 0 C, for 100 days) and natural (storage during 125 days within a rustic house with walls of palm board and a thatched roof, at room temperature). The bulblets from both treatments were planted randomly in different field plots. During the development of the plantation were evaluated, agronomic variables related to seed production and the yield of onion bulbs. The conventional method was statistically superior to natural, on the seed production; although the natural method was superior in the commercial yield of the onion bulbs. It is concluded that can be used method of natural vernalization in the climatic conditions of Topes de Collantes , because the seeds production are lower than the conventional vernalization, but higher yields of commercial onion bulbs are obtained, and is an economical method accessible to the producers.

61-65

Authors: Henrry Othón Intriago Mendoza, Milton Celiano Ortiz Terán, Alfredo Noa Monzón

Fodder species of trees in the coastal region of Manabí are an alternative food to cattle, especially between the months of september and december when the pasture gets scarce. To evaluate their nutritional potential was made a compositional analysis of nutritional parameters to the fruits of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (Algarrobo) and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Guasmo). Botanical characters of these trees and compositional analysis results are described. Furthermore, a comparison of these results with those obtained by other authors by considering the values of protein, fat, fiber, ash and moisture is performed. For the environmental conditions of tropical dry forest, the guasmo presents higher contents of protein, fat, ash and fiber carob, although both species are important in the diet of herbivores, especially in dry seasons as providers of usable nutrients favoring animal nutrition.

75-83

Authors: Miguel Aranguren González, José Pérez Rodríguez y Yenia Pérez Acebedo

The ignorance of the climate aptitudes of areas where grape plantations (Vitis vinifera L.) are developed in Cuba has limited the productive potential of cultivars introduced for the development of this cultivation. Bioclimatic indexes for grapes growth during summer and winter seasons in Jagüey Grande municipality, Matanzas province, were determined in this work. Results showed that climate from this location is appropriate for setting up grape plantations; though it was detected as limitations that high humidity and temperature in certain periods of the year enhance the incidence of fungus diseases and may affect the productive parameters in this region. These results are basic for the selection of cultivars, rootstocks and the right management technologies as strategies for the adjustment of this crop to the Cuban climatic conditions.

89-91

Authors: Silvio de Jesús Martínez Medina, Michel Leiva Mora, Maikel Rodríguez Egido, Odalis Gómez Fernández, Edilio Quintero Fernandez, Gudelia Rodríguez Valdés, Adalmary García Cabañas y Marlen Cárdenas Morales

Keywords: sowing period, common bean, agricultural performance, varieties

13-17

Authors: Nelson C. Arzola Pina , Rubén F. Abraham Vázquez , Joaquín Machado de Armas

The object of this study was to compare two methods for determining the aptitude of soils for growing Sugarcane in Cuba. The information was provided by three sugarcane farms owned by Ciudad Caracas sugarcane mill in the municipality of Santa Isabel de Las Lajas in Cienfuegos. The information of the soils from each farm was taken from the 1:25 000 scale cadastral maps designed by Ministerio de la Agricultura (MINAG). Rainfall data was collected from the nearby stations rain gauges. And the sugarcane yield was reported by each farm. The aptitude of the soils was determined by two methods (AGRO 24 de 1993 y Arzola de 1999) using the information available. Results showed that both methods are appropriate for selecting soils with higher productive potential, and are a useful tool for making right decisions for optimizing the land use at each sugarcane farm.

25-33

Authors: Consuelo E. Hernández Rodríguez , Yanoris Bernal Carrazana, Cristóbal Ríos, Pedro Muñoz Medina y O. González

Conservation and improvement actions were taken to ensure the soil preservation in agricultural areas affected by erosion on a grayish brown soil of Sarduy farm in Cumanayagua, Cuba. The technology that was used included strip-till, crop rotation, live and/or dead barriers, channel terraces, contour farming and the addition of organic matter and biofertilizers. The implementation of the soil conservation-oriented management had an influence on the yield increase of 10.6 % - 20.2 %, on the decrease of the erosive processes with a retention of soils to 13.33 t.ha-1, on maintaining the soil pH and on the increment of the assimilable P2O5 contents and soil organic matter.

41-47

Authors: Dania Bárbara Núñez Sosa, Dianela Ibáñez Madan, Ramón Liriano González y Miladys Boche Yera

The research was done in the organoponico at the Soil Laborator y in Matanzas. The objective was to evaluate the response of the of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation under conditions of organoponic and Semi-protected cultivation systems. Two varieties were studied: Fomento 95 and Black Seeded Simpson (BSS). The random block design was used. The data were processed using the Statgraphic plus 5.1 package for WINDOWS. The total number of leaves, number of commercial leaves, diameter of bush, yield in kg/m2, total content of soluble proteins and carbohydrates were evaluated. In conclusion, the variety Fomento 95 showed a significant increment of the total number of leaves in the organoponico system and commercial leaves with respect to the semi-protected conditions; the BSS variety showed only significant differences in commercial leaves; no significant differences in yield for both varieties were reported under the studied conditions. The analysis showed that the total soluble carbohydrates and proteins content decreased significantly in both varieties under semi-protected conditions.

55-59

Authors: Michel Baldoquin Hernandez, Magalis Alonso García, Yarisbel Góm ez Masjuan, Idalberto Julio Bertot Arosa

The research was done at the school vegetable garden of Los Indios in the municipality of Rio Cauto, Granma, from March through April, 2014. The objective was to evaluate the agronomical response of the cultivation of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) variety “Black Seeded Simpson to the foliar application of three doses of Enerplant. The biostimulant was applied in the morning 7 days after transplantation. The doses used were 0.5 mL.ha-1, 1 mL.ha-1 and 1.5 mL.ha-1. The yield components were evaluated. The obtained data were statistically processed using the software package STASTISTICA 6.0 for Windows. Results showed that the three doses had a positive effect on the cultivation yield. Best results were obtained with the application of the 1.5 mL.ha-1 dose. The majority of the evaluated indicators significantly increased.

69-74

Authors: Luis Gustavo González Gómez, Yoelvis Soto Vila, María Caridad Jiménez Arteaga, Irisneysis Paz Martínez

The investigation was developed in the General CCS-F Victor Ramos Hernandez, Located in the area of the Oven, on a carbonated brown floor. The valued variety of tobacco was the Corojo 2006, with the objective of evaluating different plantation marks, for they were evaluated it four plantation distances that in turn were the valued treatments with a design of totally randomized in parcels of 20 m of long and wide The utilized materials they are characteristic of a field investigation and the cultural attentions were carried out by the Technical Instructive of the Tobacco (2011). the main indicators of the cultivation were evaluated like they were number of leaves, long and wide of the leaves, dry mass and yield, with its respective economic valuation. The data were processed with the statistical package it ESTATISTICA version 8 on Windows, through an analysis of simple variance and a test of multiple comparison for Tukey for 5 % of probability of the error, The reached results indicate us that the best yields are obtained when the plants have a distance among them of 0.30 m and the lowest results when they are planted 0.25 m.

83-90

Authors: María Caridad Jiménez Arteaga, Julio Cesar Terrero Soler, Luís Gustavo González Gómez, Irisneysis Paz Martínez, Alejandro Falcón Rodríguez

This research was done in net houses at Empresa de Servicios (ESUNI) del Grupo Empresarial Cuba Níquel, in Moa municipality, Holguín. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic response of tomato cultivars to the application of chitosan, as an alternative to increase yield. Five doses of chitosan (250, 275, 300, 325, 350 mg/ha and control treatment) were evaluated after transplantation. They were applied during the bloom stage in two moments, and an average of the both moments were obtained and their results were presented in tables and graphs. The main production indicators were evaluated. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey’s range test were used with p d” 0.05 and Statistica 8.0 software was used to perform the statistical analysis. According to the response of plants to the application of the polymer in the different evaluated variables of both experiments, it was confirmed that chitosan have the capacity to stimulate the processes linked to plants growth and development. The 275 mg/ha dose had the highest yield.

11-16

Authors: Ana Boudet Antomarchi, Boicet Fabre, Yanitza Meriño Hernandez

The research was done at the training farm on Granma University campus, from October through December 2012, on a Cambisol soil. A randomized block experimental design with 3 treatments and four replications was used, with the objective of evaluating the effect of two types of organic manure in the response of yardlong beans (Vigna unguiculata, L) var. Lina. The yield indicators (pod number/plants, average pod length and width, and average weight of the pod/plants) and dry matter of different parts of the plants were assessed. The data were evaluated using the program Statistica version 6.0, for windows. The Tukey’s range test was used to determine the significant differences between treatments. The best treatment turns out to be the T2, where rabbit manure was applied, with a benefit of 2.56 pesos.m-2.

25-32

Authors: Ramón Liriano González, Dania Bárbara Núñez Sosa, Lidia Hernández La Rosa y Amarilis Castro Arrieta

The research was done in the intensive-farming areas of the Cooperative of Credits and Services “Ramón Ruiz del Sol”, in Los Arabos, Matanzas. The objective was to evaluate the application effects of effective microorganism (EM) and Trichoderma harzianum on the main growth indexes of onion seedlings (Allium cepa L.) during nursery stage. Six treatments were studied ( control, organic matter at 24 kg.m-2, T. harzianum at 30 g.m-2, Effective Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at the moment of sowing and 15 and 30 days after the germination of the seeds, organic matter at 24 kg.m-2 + T. harzianum 30 g.m-2 + Efficient Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at 15 and 30 days after germination of the seeds, and T. harzianum 30 g.m-2 + Efficient Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at 15 and 30 days after the germination of the seeds. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design. 55 days after seed germination, the height of the seedlings, number of leaves per seedlings, diameter of the false stem, root length, as well as the fresh and dry weight of the radical system and the foliate area were evaluated. The results proved that the Effective Microorganisms (EM) and T. harzianum application improved the production of quality onion seedlings. The treatment 5 (organic matter 24 kg.m-2 + T. harzianum 30 g.m-2 + Efficient Microorganisms at 15 mL.m-2 at 15 and 30 days after germination) had better results in the evaluated variables.

39-46

Authors: Alberto Espinosa Cuéllar, Luís Ruiz Martinez, Ramón Rivera Espinosa, Ernesto Espinosa Cuéllar

Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)], is the fifth most important food crop in developing countries due to its outstanding nutritional and culinary characteristics and it is also considered one of the two most important food crops along with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The response of various crops to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is well known. The research was conducted at the The Research Institute of Tropical Root and Tuber Crops (INIVIT) on an inseptisol soil. The objective was to compare the effect of five nitrogen doses in the presence or absence of an effective AMF strain oin two sweet potato clones ‘INIVIT B2-2005’ and ‘CEMSA 78-354’. Yield, colonization rate and amount of spores were evaluated. Treatments inoculated with effective strains obtained higher yields of 35 to 37 t.ha-1 with a dose of 60 kg N ha-1; and chemical fertilizer nitrogen was reduced by 37.5 % in the form of N. A yield of 30 to35 t.ha-1 was obtained with a dose of 90 kg ha-1 of N and no AMF application. In all cases the best colonization values and spore numbers in 50 g soil coincide with optimal fertilization doses for the treatment inoculated efficiently. Colonization values were in the range of 71 to 76 % and 628-659 spores for the nitrogen dose of 60 kg ha-1.

55-63

Authors: Deborah González Viera, Pablo Marrero Labrador, José Marcelino Galbán, José Antonio Monteagudo, Arnaldo Hernández, Roberto González, Darío Sarduy, Orlando Morales, Mirelis Cruz y Juan Carlos Borges, Leonardo Alarcón y Mario De Bergue

Land policies to increase the rice production have as purpose to promote the mechanization, to increase the yield for farm area, to enlarge the crop area and to achieve the self-sufficiency in the production or to reduce the imports of this cereal. Other important aspects are the costs of rice crop and their impact in the productive revenues besides the great dependence of the grain on the part of the poor countries; where their potentiality resides in the production to small scale in irrigated ecosystem like a sustainable base for the diversification of the rural economy. For such a reason, this work was developed with the objective of establishing a strategy of sustainable development for the popular rice crop that was based on the technological management with focus agroecologic and participatory focus. Their application conceived on-farm research by means of variety trials simultaneously to a costs studies of three technologies adopted by the producers and during the process, three qualification cycles were made being achieved increasing of rice crop yield in 14 %.

71-78

Authors: Ruth Irene Arias Gutiérrez, R. González Sousa, Angelina Herrera Sorzano, Reinaldo Demesio Alemán Pérez

An environmental diagnosis is made in the Amazonian Kichwa region (Napo and Pastaza provinces, Ecuador) for the ellaboration of a sustainable development strategy. The environmental indicators such as the number of cultivated plant species and their use. The use of forest and agricultural products were measured, as well. Qualitative and quantitative research methods, most appropriate for this study, were used. The quantitative methodology consisted in surveying to the residents, the leaders of the six communities and the heads of 64 households scattered around five rural parishes. The main results are collected in a strategic agenda that would boost the ecological sustainability. The communities employ a high number of species directly as food, and a fewer for medical, flavoring and cosmetic use. However, a single use of resources as raw materials is observed. With no the application of science and technology, there is not an orderly and efficient use of resources, which is achieved by establishing links with other universities research projects. It is necessary to replenish and enhance native renewable resources used by the communities, and add value and work on human capital formation for the protection of these resources. Local resources are not reasonably used with a focus on the protection of the environment and the extensive Amazonian biodiversity. There are high rates of illiteracy in the communities. That’s why it is important the development of bio-knowledge through public interventions, which will help sustain the national competitive advantage, based on its natural and biological richness, supported by the development of local production networks and technology generation. A proposed strategy for a sustainable agro-ecological community development was made.

85-90

Authors: Ulbio Alcivar Cedeño, Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira, Ervelio Olazábal Manso y Remigio Cortés Rodríguez

A study was done to evaluate the quality of the earthworm flour fed with the addition of selenium. Two groups with three replicates were used; a food made of sterilized vegetable waste and other with the addition of soya (5%) as a source of selenium. Temperature, humidity, and pH were controlled to ensure the optimal growth of earthworms. A 0.5 g sample of both groups replicates was weighed in order to determine the amount of Na, K, Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu, Li, Se, Hg and Pb. The humus quality provided by the samples was also qualitatively analyzed, and the amount of moisture, protein, dry matter, fat, ash, crude fiber and soluble carbohydrates were determined. The amount of the elements Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn and Li was satisfactory because the flour had concentrations similar to the conventional worm flour, which is first achieved for this type of product. The amount of protein and lipid was also high similar to the conventional foods derived from animals. No heavy metals were found. Remarkably, the use of Eisenia foetida Savigny extracts can be used as a dietary supplement in amounts less than 1 g per person, which minimizes the risk of heavy metals. The application of humus from earthworms that were fed with a diet that contained selenium, corn plants obtained were significantly different from the untreated ones.

11-16

Authors: Ilenia Machado Montalvo, Roberto Valdés Herrera, Marlen Cárdenas Morales

This research was done in the Insect Pathology laboratory of the Agricultural Research Center(CIAP) at Marta Abreu Central University of Las Villas. The goa l was to determine the effect of the ozone (O3) treatment on the vigor of S. bicolor seeds (variety UDG-110). Germination tests, electrical conductivity test andseedling growth rate tests were conducted. The electrical conductivity was low in the treatment of 48 h. In the 72 h treatment, the conductivity was higher than in the other treatments; but it was not significantly different from the control. Root and shoot length parameters were not affected by ozone. Ozone was proved to enhance the germination percentage, but it does not affect the vigor of S. bicolor seeds

23-29

Authors: Dayana Marin Darias, Yudeivys Grau Benavides, Ahmed Chacón Iznaga

The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important crop due to its nutritious and medical properties and flavor. Therefore, an investigation was carried out for evaluating physical and chemical properties, as well as parameters of Post harvest fruit susceptibility. A sample fruit of Red Maradol variety was selected. The analyses were carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Chemistry – Pharmacy and in the Center for the study of Applied Chemistry, both located in the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas. The physical properties, weight of the sample, polar and equatorial diameter, and density, were determined. The chemical properties, total regular acidity, pH and total soluble solids (0Brix), were analyzed. The parameters of susceptibility, diameter and depth of the impacts, area and volume of bruise and the fruit susceptibility to the impacts, were also evaluated. Among the main reached results, stand out that the changes in the physical properties were not decisive in the postharvest. The chemical properties analyzed as total regular acidity, pH, and total soluble solids showed significant changes at postharvest phase. Finally, the parameters of susceptibility were increased in a significant way starting from the 6 days of postharvest.

37-41

Authors: Mailiu Díaz Peña, Teresita Álvarez González, Helia Quintero Pupo

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the environmental impact associated with the life cycle of seed production of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. CC 25-9 N and maize (Zeamays L.) var. TGH on the Soterrado farm. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied, according to the NC-ISO14040, which includes the life cycle inventory of the crop, the assessment of the environmental impact of beans and maize crops and the assessment of the alternatives for environmental, agricultural and economic improvement. The environmental impact assessment helped determine the most affected impact categories: the non-renewable energy, global warming and respiratory inorganics. The most affected damage categories were damage to resources, human health and climate change. The consumption of urea, NPK and diesel represented an environmental impact with the highest contribution percentage. Two alternatives of environmental, agricultural and economic improvement for each crop were evaluated. They could reduce the environmental impact of the production of beans in 53,28 % and 79,25 % respectively and corn on 47,64 % and 63,48 % respectively. These alternatives would increase yields and soil characteristics, and help to reduce the production cost. It is recommended to inform the results of research to producers of Soterrado farm, validate the results, and apply this methodology to other crops in order to reduce the impact associated with agriculture.

53-61

Authors: Mario Reinoso Pérez, Yomayki Martínez Pérez, Yipsi Rieche Luis

This research deals with the environmental impacts and aspects and their relationship to the ecological footprint of the agrarian sector in Villa Clara. In order to achieve this goal, 23 enterprises were used as study cases, which were clustered according to the main land use: (i) succession planting (17) and (ii) livestock and animal production (6). The information collected was used to develop the environmental aspects and impacts matrixes associated to the productive processes in each enterprise. The environmental aspects with higher relative frequencies (> 0.60) were water and energy consumption, the existence of invasive plants, the soil use, the greenhouse gas emissions, the use of forest resources, the generation of solid wastes and the use of agro-chemicals. Such aspects are causing negative impacts on the environment, and consequently they are increasing the ecological print of the sector in this province. The use of heavy machineries, the generation of liquid and dangerous residues, the continuous grazing and the use of alien species had a significant impact with a relative frequency below 0.55. However, these environmental aspects should be under control. It is concluded that, in all of the studied cases, the environmental aspects had a negative incidence on the environment. And they contribute in many ways to increase the ecological footprint of the agrarian sector in the territory. The implementation of the Environmental Management System, according to the international standards, is recommended.

69-74

Authors: Yanitza Meriño Hernandez, Ana Boudet Antomarchi, Tony Boicet Fabre, Eugenio Amado Barreiro Ladrón de Guevara, Abel Jorge Palacio, Radame Oduardo Castillo

In two moisture conditions (drought and irrigation) were evaluated six varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with a factorial randomized complete blocks. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the effect caused by drought conditions crop varieties, identify high performance and features that enable them to adapt to varying conditions of soil moisture. With the data in yields between the two humidity conditions intensity indices of drought (IIS), susceptibility to drought (ISS), relative efficiency (IER), geometric mean (GM) and percent yield losses were calculated . The results were statistically processed using the Statistica software version 8.0 for Windows, if significant differences Tukey test was applied to p<0.05. The selection based on levels ISS, MG, IER and PPR identified high yielding varieties adapted to drought and favorable moisture conditions.

83-89

Authors: Eduardo Rodríguez Delgado, Héctor García Pérez, Leónides Castellanos

In this paper the results of a study conducted over five years (2006-2010) with the objective of determining agroecological zones occur handle (Manguifera indica L.) in Unit Fruit of Cienfuegos, in order to optimize the production process culture and make more efficient use with the genotype-environment interaction. Three varieties (Chino, Haden and Super Haden), replicated in environments that formed the combination of three units with five years were used. The rains were more discriminating power of agroecological zones soil variables, mainly dry period, determining the existence of two areas; one consisting of the unit three lower yield potential and another for the remaining two units, which can contribute to the efficiency of production management if a pattern is followed by specific site. The investigation also found that there is significant interaction between cultivars and environments, suggesting that these results are used in the use of genotypes according to their stability and adaptability.