Turkish Journal of Forestry

186-191

Authors: Ziblim ABUKARİ IMORO, Oppong Samuel KINGSLEY, Ammal ABUKARİ

This study aimed to determine the effect of cutting intensity on the recovery rate, growth, and biomass production of selected savanna forage shrub species. The study was conducted at the University for Development Studies (UDS), Nyankpala Campus in the Tolon District of the Northern Region of Ghana. Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes mucronata, Tephrosia purpureum and Securinega virosa were cut at 15 cm, 30 cm, and 60 cm above ground level a month after a standardizing cut and number of days to sprout, the number of shoots, plant height, and root collar diameter was recorded. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Shrubs cut at 60 cm used less mean number of days (4.25) for sprouting and those cut at 15 cm took a longer period (4.92) to sprout. Plant height, number of shoots, and root collar diameter after cutting were highest for shrubs cut at 60 cm. Securinega virosa used less mean number of days (4.00) to sprout while S. mucronata used the highest mean number of days (5.44) after cutting. Total dry matter yield was significantly highest (123.90 g/plant) for shrubs cut at 60 cm but lowest for those cut at 15 cm (91.20 g/plant). Cajanus cajan recorded a significantly higher total dry matter (116.30 g/plant) while S. virosa had the lowest (93.00 g/plant). Our results suggest that cutting height significantly influences the rate of sprouting of shrubs after cutting, and the response to the cutting effect is species-dependent.

202-210

Authors: Ercan IŞIK, Ceyhun GÖL

This research was carried out to investigate some soil properties and carbon and nitrogen storage status in natural and plantation black pine forest establishments in Çankırı province, Eldivan District, Eldivan Mountain. Sample areas (400 m2) were taken from natural and artificial forest areas to determine stand parameters, soil and litter properties. Based on genetic horizon in soil pits and topsoil (0 - 15 cm) sampling in 50x50 m grid system was done in study areas. The physical and chemical properties of soils have been determined. The lowest (0.46 g.cm-3) bulk density has been measured in natural forest topsoil. The organic carbon amounts of the upper soils in hectare are between 30.36 – 66.73 t.ha-1in the natural forest and 20.33 – 53.14 t.ha-1 in the plantation forest. Total nitrogen amounts are between 3.53-6.78 ve 2.05-5.29 ton.ha-1 respectively. The average carbon amount of natural forest top soils in hectare is 47.3 t.ha-1, and 32.2 t.ha-1 of plantation forests, total nitrogen 4.9 ve 3.2 t.ha-1 respectively. According to the results of this research, plantation and natural forest soils showed similar characteristics. This situation has shown that afforestation is successful.

218-228

Authors: Funda OSKAY, Adem KARATAŞ

Diplodia sapinea, the causal agent of Diplodia shoot blight, is one of the most common and dangerous necrotrophic pathogen of pines worldwide. Movement of plant materials such as cones, seeds and seedlings infected with the pathogen plays an important role in the dissemination of the disease over long distances. While the incidence and damage caused by the pathogen is increasing in Turkey, to our knowledge, the presence of the pathogen on pine seeds and the risk of transmission to nurseries and forest areas through seed movement have not been studied before. This study was carried out between 2017 and 2018 in order to investigate the presence and incidence of Diplodia sapinea in Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds collected from four abandoned seed orchards in Turkey. Seeds obtained from an active P. nigra seed orchard and a P. sylvestris seed stand were also included in the study. D. sapinea was detected on both P. nigra and P. sylvestris seeds collected from the abandoned seed orchards. On average 70% of the seeds (72% and 57% for P. nigra and P. sylvestris respectively) were infected with the pathogen. The pathogen was not detected on seeds from the active P. nigra seed orchard, yet was detected on 0.50% of seeds from the P. sylvestris seed stand. Thousand-seed-weights as well as germination of seeds from the abandoned seed orchards were lower than those of active seed sources. Taken together, these findings suggest that D. sapinea could have an important role in the reduction of seed quality in the abandoned seed orchards. More importantly, results confirm the potential for dissemination of D. sapinea on P. nigra and P. sylvestris seeds.

241-249

Authors: İsmet DAŞDEMİR, Ersin GENÇAY

Determining the working performances and priorities of forest cadastre commissions with a multi-criteria approach will contribute to increase the efficiency of forest cadastre activities. This study was handled in order to determine the priorities of forest cadastre commissions in the Bartın province according to their performance by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The study was conducted on 9 forest cadastre commissions working in the Bartın province borders in 2017. Some of the research data were obtained through the questionnaires and information collection forms conducted on the Advisory Group members consisting of 16 people by face-to-face interviews. Some of them were obtained from the records of the related forest cadastre commissions. The data obtained were evaluated by the AHP technique and the priority values and ranks of the forest cadastre commissions were determined according to their performances with a multi-criteria and objective approach based on expert opinions. In the study, performance constraints (partial service purchase, full service purchase, lack of chairman or member, proxy to another commission, site-based work) were developed in order to equalize the working conditions of forest cadastre commissions and their correction coefficients were calculated. The performances of forest cadastre commissions were evaluated using the six criteria developed (the number of declared units, total forest area, 2/B parcel number, 2/B parcel area, number of measured points, working precision) and ranked according to their priorities by the AHP technique. In the study, the weights of performance criteria were respectively; working precision (0.5380), number of measured points (0.1353), 2/B parcel number (0.1083), 2/B parcel area (0.0774), number of declared units (0.0740) and total forest area (0.0671). Within the framework of these criteria and weights, it was determined that the best performing commission was the E Forest Cadastre Commission and the lowest performing commission was the G Forest Cadastre Commission. According to the results of the research, some suggestions were developed to increase the performance of forest cadastre commissions.

257-270

Authors: Sacit KOÇER, Muhammed KARA

At present, majority of commercial poplar plantations aimed at producing quality timbers with larger dimension are established in wider planting spacings in Turkey. The experimental poplar plantations in closer spacings were established for this study purposes in order to investigate the prospects for producing mass quantity of small dimensioned chip wood relatively in shorter period of plantation rotation rather than producing quality timber of larger dimension in longer period of rotation. Along with five various planting spacings, five different poplar clones such as “I-214”, “I-45/51”, “Samsun (I-77/51)”, “İzmit (S.307-26)” and “89.M.060” were sampled in the experimental plantation blocks which were repeated on sites of three different growth conditions. The criteria of “Net Present Value (NPV) and “Internal Rate of Return” (IRR) were used for economic analyses. The results of the analyses showed that the most suitable spacing for producing mass quantity of chip wood is “3m x 1,5m” (4,5 m2 / plant) and most promising poplar clone is “89.M.060”. The plantation rotation periods were also determined in accordance with the criteria of NPV and IRR. The period of rotation varied by the variation of the discount rate involved when the NPV criterion is used for the evaluation. The periods of rotation determined in accordance with the IRR criterion are shorter than the period determined in accordance with the NPV criterion. Therefore, the IRR criterion should be preferred for the evaluation of industrial plantation investments. According to the results of the analyses, the recommended period of plantation rotation varies between 6 to 8 years on good sites, 7 to 9 years on medium sites and 8 to 10 years on poor sites.

277-282

Authors: Ahmet Alper BABALIK, Okan KILINÇ

This research was carried out on a natural rangeland area with an average elevation of 1223 meters, located within the borders of Tokmacık village in Yalvaç district of Isparta province. In the study carried out in the vegetation period of 2019, the area covered with vegetation, botanical composition, plant species in the rangeland, above-ground and below-ground biomass, rangeland condition and grazing capacity of the rangeland were determined. Transect and quadrate methods were used to determine these parameters. 125 plant taxa belonging to 28 families, were determined in Tokmacık village rangeland. The amount of the area covered with vegetation of the rangeland was determined as 41.9%. In the botanical composition, it was determined that the Poaceae was 49.80%, the Fabaceae was 20.06% and the other family was 30.14%, and the Poaceae was dominant. Grazing capacity was 52.4 animal units, and rangeland condition was determined as medium. The amount of above-ground biomass was determined as 284.6 kg/da and the amount of below-ground biomass was determined as 442.2 kg/da in the study area. According to the results obtained from the study, it is possible to talk about the destruction of vegetation in the rangeland area caused by overgrazing. This situation reveals that grazing pressure should be reduced and quality vegetation should be increased with appropriate breeding studies.

295-305

Authors: Ufuk ERDEM

The reconstruction period following the establishment of Turkish Republic encountered policies for providing the society with knowledge and culture. Although these policies were usually implemented by the government, few quasi-official non-governmental organizations, one of which was Turkish Tree Conservation Association, got involved in the action. The Association carried out such projects as raising naturalism among the individuals across the country, awaking environmental awareness, ensuring competition within the international market via growing high-quality fruits by tree-breeding, and contributing to country-wide afforestation. Moreover, the Association pioneered the organizations of the Tree Festivals for encouraging afforestation and ensuring the dissemination of love for tree amongst all segments of the society. The present study elaborates on Turkish Tree Conservation Association in such aspects as the establishment, programme, regulations and activities chronologically in the light of the archival documents and newspapers of the period.

311-317

Authors: Ahmet TUTUŞ, Mustafa ÇİÇEKLER, Bekir YEMŞEN, Sibel BİLGİÇ KARA, Tamer SÖZBİR

In this study, the use of bast fibers removed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stalks in pulp and paper production and some physical and optical properties of the produced papers were investigated. The chemical components and fiber morphological properties of hemp stalks free of bast fibers were determined and their suitability for pulp and paper production was examined. The holocellulose, cellulose and lignin contents of the hemp stalks were 79.7%, 52.0% and 22.2%, respectively, while fiber length, fiber width and lumen diameter were 0.60 mm, 28.8 µm and 13.4 µm, respectively. In line with these data, pulp production was carried out by cooking the hemp stalks with the Kraft cooking method. The yield, kappa number and viscosity values of pulp obtained from hemp stalks were determined as 48.2%, 39 and 1400 cm3/g, respectively. The breaking length and brightness values of the papers produced from these pulps were measured as 6.87 km and 33.34% ISO, respectively. Consequently, high yield and strength pulps can be produced from hemp stalks free of bast fibers, and since it has a low kappa number and high viscosity, it can be easily bleached.

323-330

Authors: Ali Uğur ÖZCAN

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) is spread all over Europe, including in the west of Russia, and in the Anatolian and Caucasian regions. Roe deer is found in the Marmara, Black Sea regions, Hakkari, Izmir, and Amanos Region. The roe deer, which started to dispersal towards the center of Central Anatolia with the population increase, was never seen in the Kırıkkale Karagüney mountains until the last ten years. In this study, it is aimed to give information about how the roe deer dispersal to the Karagüney Mountain, its population size and habitat use. The study was conducted between 2013-2020 using direct (Point counting and line counting) and indirect (Foot print, photo trap, etc) observation methods. The population of roe deer in the area has reached up to 11-14 individuals in the last six years, and it is very likely that it will come from Eşekli mountain or Uğurludağ forests to the study area. Adapted to the area, roe deer is more common in areas where forests and agricultural areas intertwine, and it avoids highways and settlements. By means of steppe forests, The roe deer has spread to Central Anatolia between 40 and 100 km in the last decade. The adaptation of the roe deer to this area gives important clues about reintroduction and distribution of species, ecological connections between refuge areas.

342-352

Authors: Reyhan ERDOĞAN, Ebru AÇIKALIN, Ceren SELİM

In this article, some information was given about monumental trees detected in Antalya so far and 12 of them were introduced. When we look at the findings, the physical characteristics such as height, age, location and meaning of monumental trees consisting of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich), tall juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.), Eastern plane (Platanus orientalis L.) and Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa) were evaluated. Suggestions were made for the students to contribute to the increase of nature and tree sensitivity of monumental trees by creating educational trips and suitable spaces.