Turkish Journal of Forestry

8 - 14

Authors: Nuri Kaan ÖZKAZANÇ, Yağmur YEŞİLBAŞ KELEŞ

In this study, Küre Mountains National Park, Bartin Province in the rest of the border must macrofungi flora areas and buffer zones between the years 2013 to 2015 inclusive were searched. The results of the field work space Macrofungal 284 samples were collected. A total of 284 macrofungi samples were collected. Laboratory analysis identified 68 species within 11 orders and 29 families. Of these, 3 taxa belong to Ascomycota, and 65 to Basidiomycota. Determined taxa were found to be growing on four types of substrates: 51 from soil, 11 from branches or trunks, 4 from logs, and 2 from leaves. This study can lay the groundwork for further biodiversity studies in the area, providing a basis for ensuring the continuity of the macromycota flora and biological diversity within the national park.

20 - 27

Authors: Sevde Sarı, Ayse Deligoz

In forest nursery, the optimal lifting period can be change according to species, origin and growing techniques. Determining the optimal lifting period by the use of morphological characteristics may cause irreparable errors. Thus, it is also necessary to determine the physiological conditions of the seedling to accurately identify lifting period. In this study, effects of lifting date on physiological condition of the seedling were examined in order to determine the optimal lifting period in 2+0 aged Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) seedlings grown from two different provenances. Seedlings from Kapıdağ and Bucak provenances were lifted at 7 different dates from January to May in 2016. In each measurement time, water relations parameters by the pressure – volume (P-V) curve technique were estimated, including osmotic potential at full turgor (ψπ100), osmotic potential at turgor loss point (ψπTLP), free water content at turgor loss point (FWCTLP), relative water content at turgor loss point (RWCTLP), relative water content (RWC), symplastic water at saturated point per dry weight of the shoot (V0/DW), apoplastic water fraction (Va/VT) and dry weight fraction (DWF). In addition, root growth potential and total carbohydrate content in root and needle samples were determined. According to the results of this study, ψπTLP, ψπ100, total carbohydrate content in needle and roots, and root growth potential showed a seasonal change. In both provenances, ψπTLP and ψπ100 increased from late January to late February, then decreased early March and increased again to May. No significant differences were determined between measurement dates in FWCTLP and RWC. Total carbohydrate content in root and needles decreased gradually from late January to early May in both provenances. The root growth potential reached the maximum value on late February to Kapıdağ provenance and on early March to Bucak provenance and then fall. Seedlings lifted from January to early March had greater stress resistance than seedlings lifted in the late March, April or May. In Eğirdir forest nursery, although the safe period for lifting season are late January to early March, if weather conditions are adverse for lifting or planting, lifting period might be delayed until late March.

35 - 40

Authors: Hasan GEDİKLİ, Refik KARAGÜL, Mehmet ÖZCAN

Mountain rangelands are one of the most important natural resources of Turkey. Rangelands are located almost every region of the country and they provide the cheapest source of forage for livestock. Uncontrolled grazing has increased the pressure on mountain rangelands, and today many rangelands have been covered with shrubs and weeds away from the climax vegetation cover. However, the contribution of these areas to livestock production can be increased by rehabilitation methods appropriate to rangeland situation and structure. While there are many studies on the improvement of lower rangelands in Turkey, there few researches on upland rangelands. In this study, the effects of different rehabilitation methods on the yield of rangelands were investigated in an upland rangeland with medium feed efficiency. The study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Duzce, Odayeri rangeland with an altitude of 1200 m, is close to the average altitude of upland average of Turkey. The research consists of 18 parcels of 30 m2 size; randomly selected by applying 6 treatments (control, seed cultivation, herbicide, fertilizer, fertilizer+herbicide, seed cultivation+fertilizer) with 3 replicates. The study revealed that forage yields of fertilizer (390,0 kg/da) and herbicide+fertilizer (325,4 kg/da) were significantly higher than that of control parcel (196,3 kg/da). Results suggested that rehabilitation methods such as fertilizer and herbicide+fertilizer can be applied to Odayeri rangeland and other rangelands with similar ecological conditions in order to increase forage yield significantly.

50 - 56

Authors: Abdurrahman Karaman, Mehmet Nuri Yıldırım, Şekip Şadiye YAŞAR

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the nano-particulate silicon dioxide (SiO2) material on the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending of some wood species. Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petrea L.) woods species which are commonly used in the furniture industry were used in this study. Impregnation was carried out with the preparation of SiO2 at concentrations of 1% and 3% according to ASTM-D 1413-76 (1976) standards. According to the results, while solution concentration was increasing in both wood species, total retention (kg/m3) and percentage retention (%) values increased; air dry density (12%), bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending decreased. The maximum mean values of bending strength and modulus of elasticity was in control samples of oriental beech and the minimum were in sessile oak wood with 3% concentration. These results can be related to the fact that the higher density of oriental beech wood (0.630-0.685 g/cm³). In both species of wood, impregnation with SiO2 resulted loss of about 3-5% in bending strength and 0.6-9% in modulus of elasticity.

62 - 71

Authors: Şirin DÖNMEZ, Nazlı KOÇAK, Mert ÇAKIR

Botanical gardens were first established only for scientific reasons, however, later they have been started to be used for educational and recreation reasons. Since the 1980s it has been used to preserve natural resources and increase the biological variety. Botanical gardens are used as a tool all around the world to create environmental awareness, preserve natural resources and increase biological variety via educational activities. However, the botanical gardens which are important all over the world, are behind the world standards in Turkey when compared to other countries. However, 11.707 plant taxa including 3649 endemic varieties found in Turkey. Turkey seems to be richer in flora, compared with the continent of Europe, which is about 15 times larger than Turkey with 12,000 plant taxa. Turkey already deserves a sample equivalent to the botanical gardens in the world. Within the context of this study, Süleyman Demirel University Botanical Garden, which was started to establish in 1997 and not completed entirely, was determined as the study area. In the project, the main circulation system and the lateral roads reaching to the plant collections are not clearly perceived. There is no circulation hierarchy that visitors can follow. In addition, the botanical gardens are defined not only areas where collections are exhibited, but also areas where environmental consciousness and ecological awareness can be raised. So, new plan decisions were taken for Süleyman Demirel University Botanical Garden by using the data obtained from literature researches and field studies related to the Lakes Region, Isparta, and the study area. Within the framework of these plan decisions, a new design approach for Süleyman Demirel University Botanical Garden has been developed that includes plant collections such as healing garden, discovery garden, sensory garden, and local plant materials.