LARHYSS Journal

10

Authors: KAHOUL M., DERBAL N., ALIOUA A., AYAD W.

The water quality is a permanent concern of the man who has devoted an entire legislation and ratified many international conventions and protocols for its protection and preservation. To get in such context, the objective of our study is to evaluate the physico- chemical quality of water wells in the Berrahal area which a significant number of its population is supplied by groundwater. The evaluation of the quality of such water is based on measurements of the temperature (T°), pH, electric conductivity (EC) and the dosages of total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl-),nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) . The results obtained showed that the measurement values of the physico-chemical parameters of the analyzed water were all compliant with the exception of nitrates which has proved abnormal in certain wells and could therefore affect consumer health.

11

Authors: MEHANNED S., ZAID A., CHAHLAOUI A.

Wadis Mellah and Mikéss and on the bacteriological quality of the water dam Sidi Chahed: to determine the contribution of the two wadis supplying this work aims. This study focused on three stations: upstream in Wadi Mekkes another ups tream in Wadi Mellah, and sampling at the surface of the dam. Bacteriological analysis focused on indicators of pollution which include germs, germs total, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Statistical analyzes showed that the pollutant load brought by the waters of Wadi Mellah Mekkes and are more important than that provided by the waters of the dam, and that fecal pollution.

13

Authors: REMINI B., REZOUG C., ACHOUR B.

For more than seven centuries, the farmers of oasis of Kendsa, exploit the groundwater of Barga El Jebel by the using of subterranean drains. On the basis of missions in 2013 in the oasis of Kenadsa, forty Foggaras were dug on the outskirts of the El Barga Mountain. Today, there is only ten Foggaras a few liters per minute of flow rate. Contrary to the Foggaras of Touat of length of ten kilometers, the Foggaras of Kenadsa presents a gallery of ten meters. The sharing of water of the Foggaras of Kenadsa occurs by turns is to say, per unit of time. In this case, the irrigation is carried out in series. The contribution of pumps in the oasis of Kenadsa greatly influenced the degradation of traditional hydraulic system.

14

Authors: BEMMOUSSAT A., ADJIM M., BENSAOULA F.

The plain of Henaya is located to the north of Tlemcen city in Tafna basin. This plain is characterized by a semi-arid climate and intensive farming activities. The high demand in water for agricultural purposes has resulted in an overexploitation of this resource as well as the use of non-conventional waters for irrigation. Thus, in addition to intensive uses of agricultural inputs the groundwater is exposed to risks of pollution. The physico-chemical characterization of waters of various supply points analyzed in the plain has shown two types of facies with high mineralization. A bicarbonated facies which would probably comes from the conglomerates represents 75% of the analyzed samples. The second one is a chlorinated facies which is likely due to the contact with the saline helvétien marls or to the infiltration of non-conventional waters used for the irrigation. The analyses have also revealed levels of nitrates exceeding the water quality standards which make these waters improper to human consummation. The former are recognized to be indicators of diffuse pollutions from an agricultural origin in the area. It was also noticed that the alkalinity of all analyzed water points is greater than 200 mg / l of CaCO3 hence largely exceeding the standards of the irrigation water quality. As a result, water is encrusting causing high risks of clogging. It also appears that the ground waters for irrigation are classified C3 - S1 in the Riverside diagram with a characteristic that make them suitable for crops with a good tolerance to salt.

17

Authors: M’SADAK Y., EL HICHRI N.

Several research studies have shown the importance of using compost for containers seedlings production. In this context, the present study attempts to hydro-physically optimize growing media formed of Acacia cyanophylla crude compost mixed with olive oil and livestock manures wastes Co-compost. The contribution of co-compost was carried out according to different proportions to determine mixtures that have the best physical characteristics (total porosity, aeration and retention porosity, dry bulk density) and moisture content (pF curves, water availability and time of rewetting ) for optimum forest seedling growth. The results have shown that the incorporation of 20% rabbit manures Co-compost, 50% olive wastes Co-compost, 50% ovine manures Co-compost and 50% cattle manures Co-compost with Acacia cyanophylla compost have shown relatively better results. The raw Acacia cyanophylla compost has showed good air content and insufficient moisture content. Mixed with Olive wastes Co-compost, he has proved an unsatisfactory air content, but water availability was good.

17

Authors: KOUAME YAO MORTON, SORO GNENEYOUGO EMILE, KOUAKOU KOFFI EUGENE, KOUADIO ZILE ALEX, MELEDJE N’DIAYE EDWIGE HERMANN, GOULA BI TIE ALBERT, ISSIAKA SAVANE

Like Sub-Saharan countries, the Ivory Coast is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study aims to assess the impacts of climate change on precipitation and temperatures for 2050 and 2080 horizons in the Davo watershed located in southwestern of Ivory Coast. Four Atmospheric/Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) and two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (GHGES) A2 and B2 were used to create a range of plausible scenarios. All projections show an increase in temperature. Under the A2 scenario the average model prediction of warming is 1.7 ° C and 3.1 ° C across the two periods while, the precipitation will increase by -0.4% to 3%. Under the B2 scenario, the average model prediction of warming is less important than under scenario A2. Under the B2 scenario, precipitation will experience an increase of 2.4 % and 3.7 % across the two time slice. The B2 scenario is wetter and less hot than the A2 scenario.

21

Authors: MOUNJID J., COHEN N., FADLAOUI S., BELHOUARI A., OUBRAIM S.

Morocco’s water resources are facing quantity and quality problems. Limited resources due largely to a semi-arid and arid climate and also to the significant deterioration in the quality grounded by different pollutants. Casablanca city (Morocco's economic capital) is one of Morocco’s parts that best illustrates these phenomena. It shows a considerable increase of the population and continuous development of industrial activities especially in the suburban area. Rivers of this area who suffer the most are the effects of these pressures, what makes compromised of their uses. Merzeg river and their tributary oued Sierni were chosen to illustrate the above impacts. These hydrosystems receive water from the waste water plant (WWTP) of the city of Berrechid as well as the release of the industrial area of Had Soualem. A companion of 14 months was conducted in order to determine the physicochemical water quality in 7 sampling stations chosen along these hydrosystems. The findings highlighted the extreme high organic load at the level of the Merzeg river and their tributary Oued Sierni as evidenced by the values of the main parameters: BOD5, COD, Ammonium, orthophosphate and total phosphorus.The waters of study stations can be described as bad to very bad. Significant mineralization was highlighted at the level of this stream. This would result from the combined effect of the degradation of the coastal chaouia groundwater and the mineral load of wastewater. The follow-up of the spatio-temporal evolution of organic pollution index “OPI” shows the polluting waters in the stations receiving releases of the STEP of Berrechid and also Had Soualem. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) have highlighted two gradients. The first reflects the degree of pollution and eutrophication, while the second describes the mineralization of waters and seasonality. Moreover, this PCA allowed discriminating against stations according to their physicochemical data.