The Indonesian Biomedical Journal

1-20

Authors: Anna Meiliana, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, Andi Wijaya

BACKGROUND: The goals of treating patients with cancer are to cure the disease, prolong survival, and improve quality of life. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have an important role in regulating tumor progression. Therefore, stimulating immune reactions to tumors can be an attractive therapeutic and prevention strategy. CONTENT: During immune surveillance, the host provides defense against foreign antigens. By targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy as cancer therapeutics. Recent successful antibody-based strategies have focused on enhancing antitumor immune responses by targeting immune cells, irrespective of tumor antigens. The use of antibodies to block pathways inhibiting the endogenous immune response to cancer, known as checkpoint blockade therapy, has stirred up a great deal of excitement among scientists, physicians, and patients alike. Clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of antibodies that block the T cell inhibitory molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1(PD-1) have reported success in treating subsets of patients. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a highly personalized cancer therapy that involve administration to the cancerbearing host of immune cells with direct anticancer activity. In addition, the ability to genetically engineer lymphocytes to express conventional T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors has further extended the successful application of ACT for cancer treatment. SUMMARY: The underlying basis of cancer immunotherapy is to activate a patient’s own T cells so that they can kill their tumors. Reports of amazing recoveries abound, where patients remain cancer-free many years after receiving the therapy. The idea of harnessing immune cells to fight cancer is not new, but only recently have scientists amassed enough clinical data to demonstrate what a game-changer cancer immunotherapy can be. This field is no stranger to obstacles, so the future looks very promising indeed.

37-42

Authors: Mulyana, Nuri Purwito Adi, Meily L Kurniawidjaja, Andi Wijaya, Irawan Yusuf

BACKGROUND: Exposure to welding fume in the workplace was associated with lung function disorders and occupational asthma. In this study, we determined lung function parameters in men workers exposed to welding fumes from heavy equipment manufacturer. This study is a preliminary study of biomonitoring program in worker exposed to welding fume as our main study. METHODS: A study with case-control design, random study, was conducted among welder (59 subjects) and nonwelder (34 subjects) with more than one year experience in the same job task in a heavy equipment manufacturer. All subjects completed physical examination, informed consent, questionnaire and lung function status. Lung function status was measured by spirometer with vital capacity (VC),forced vital capacity (FCV), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and ratio of FEV1/FVC as test parameters. Linear regression model was developed to identify the risk factor of lung function parameter status using age, working period and smoking status as variables. RESULTS: This study showed that there were significant lower VC, FVC and FEV1 in welder than non-welder, but not difference in ratio of FEV1/FVC. However, there was no significant difference among welder from foundry and fabrication plan. By multivariate analysis, working period was found as a risk factor for lower parameters in lung function among welder. CONCLUSION: Lung function parameters status were significantly lower in welder than non-welder, and working period was the most important indicator for lung function status evaluation among welder.

49-54

Authors: Abdul Qadar Punagi

BACKGROUND: This research was conducted to find out the relation of anatomy variation of nasofrontal complex on the frontal sinus drainage system with frontal rhinosinusitis incident. METHODS: This research was using cross-sectional design involving 75 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Coronal paranasal sinus CT scan with sagittal plane reformat was carried out to examine. The CT scan figures were analyzed from every side and there were 150 samples found as the result. Data was analyzed using chi square test. RESULTS: The research indicates that there is no significant relation between frontal cell types, agger nasi cell, chonca media bullosa with incident of frontal rhinosinusitis (p>0.05). Prevalence of superior attachment of uncinate process (UP), type 1 (UP superior attachment on lamina papiracea) was found on 43 sides (28.6%), type 6 (UP superior attachment to medial turbinate) was found in 29 sides (19.3%). Prevalence of frontal rhinosinusitis was found in 42 (28%) from 150 sides. Group 1 drainage (medial side drainage; drainage to meatus medius [type 1-3]) was found in 32 sides (76.2%) and group 2 drainage (lateral side drainage; drainage to infundibulum ethmoid [type 4-6]) was found in 10 sides (23.8%). CONCLUSION: There is significant relation between frontal rhinosinusitis incident with variation of frontal sinus drainage (p<0.05) and drainage on group 1 has significant existence statistically on frontal rhinosinusitis incident.