European Journal of Physical Education and Sport

52-65

Authors: Štefan Adamčák, Pavol Bartík

Study aim: The goal of the research was to determine the scope and the content of sports activities of primary school girls in selected Slovak regions. Material and methods: In this research we focused on the sports activities of 993 primary school girls and analysed them using a questionnaire method. The research was classified by school type: urban and rural, as well as geographical region. Results: More than 43 % of respondents that they mostly participate in sports for 1-2 hours daily. Approximately 50 % of them take part in sports recreationally and team sports of a “traditional” character predominate (57 %). The vast majority of girls (60 %) take part in sports activities outside. Participation in sports activities among girls is mostly recreational– the response frequency reached almost 50 % in all the research groups observed. Conclusions: The research findings show that there are no statistically significant differences between the sports activities of primary school girls attending rural and urban schools during the working week. Respondents attending urban schools are more physically active during holidays compared to respondents attending rural schools additionally respondents from the Central Slovak Region are more physically active than respondents from the Eastern Slovak Region (p<0.01).

77-83

Authors: Beáta Dobay,Elena Bendíková

This article presents the partial findings regarding leisure-time physical activities done by middle-aged adults. In our study group (742 respondents, including 403 women and 339 men) significantly (p < 0.01) 56.3 % (n = 191; χ² = 103.2323;df-4) of the men and only 31 % (n = 125) of the women stated that they like doing sports activities in their leisure time as a kind of active rest. The most popular leisure-time physical activity among the men was football (16.74 %; n = 107), whereas the women prefer different kinds of dance (aerobic 16.45 %; n = 114, Zumba 13.71 %; n = 95 as well as Pilates exercise 4.47 %; n = 31). In terms of frequency of physical activity, as many as 33 % (n = 112) of the men and 28.5 % (n = 115) of the women carry out physical activities irregularly, while 21.5 % (n = 73) of the men and 15.6 % (n = 63) of the women do not do them at all. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) confirming lower intensity of sports activities in the women in comparison to the men. As far as the way of doing physical activity is concerned, both men (68 %; n = 231) and women (53 %; n = 214), with the highest percentage, chose the option “in an organised group”, with the significant difference (p<0.01) in favour of the men (χ2 = 22.3299). The study is a part of the researched project VEGA 1/0795/15.

93-99

Authors: Anton Petija

The aim of a contribution is to diagnose, analyse and compare level of density´s intensity in training load and competition load of freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling style with using measurements of blood lactate by Biosen C Line Sport. Research complex consisted of six freestyle wrestlers from closer Slovak representation, who participated in the first round of Slovak senior league in Banska Bystrica in 2015 and four Greco-Roman wrestlers from Army sport club Dukla Banska Bystrica. We were identifying level of lactate from capillary blood in the 1st, 4th and 8th minute of resting after competition load of freestyle wrestlers and after training load of Greco-Roman wrestlers. The match lasted 2x3 minutes with 30 seconds break. Arithmetic average of the measured blood lactate of Greco-Roman wrestlers after training load was in the 1st minute of resting – 12,33 mmol/l, in the 4th minute of resting – 13,57 mmol/l and in the 8th minute of resting – 8,65 mmol/l. After the competition load of freestyle wrestlers, the arithmetic average of the blood lactate in the 1st minute of resting was 13,20 mmol/l, in the 4th minute of resting – 11,94 mmol/l and in the 8th minute of resting – 13,65 mmol/l. In comparison to analysed wrestlers, freestyle wrestlers had in the 1st minute of recovery higher values of blood lactate than Greco-Roman wrestlers: of 0,87 mmol/l. In the 4th minute of recovery the Greco-Roman wrestlers had higher values of 1,63 mmol/l and in the 8th minute of recovery, freestyle wrestlers had higher values of 5,00 mmol/l.

110-119

Authors: Alexandros Skeparianos, Fotios Mavrovouniotis, Evaggelos Sykaras, Panagiotis Papadopoulos, Dorothea Kapoukranidou, Chrysi Mavrovounioti, Anna Fachantidou

The lack of personal hygiene (Luke, d’Hemecourt, 2007) and decontamination of sports centers (CDC, 2003; Duckro et al., 2005) contribute to the cause and transmission of diseases between the athletes (Collins – O'Connell, 2012) and people that work out in these facilities. The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of personal hygiene rules among the amateur basketball players and athletes working out in fitness centers. Moreover, the conditions of hygiene that exist in these specific facilities used by the participants of this study were analyzed. In the end, an analysis between recreational basketball players and the people who work out in health clubs is conducted, in order to examine whether the first are efficiently informed of the hygiene rules compared to the latter. Survey and quantitative analysis, with data gathered through questionnaires which were distributed and completed by 923 participants. The sample was random and evenly selected among amateur basketball athletes in basketball teams and people working out at fitness centers. The data were analyzed with quantitative methods with statistical package SPSS 22. The Analysis brought out that recreational athletes tend to not apply personal hygiene rule thoroughly. Low performance on personal hygiene is highly related to the frequency that recreational basketball athletes become ill or infected in their sports halls. People working out at health clubs appear more competent in the application of hygiene rules, their sports spaces tend to be more hygiene friendly and therefore they are less often ill or infected in comparison to recreational basketball athletes.

3-8

Authors: Karl Cabena, Patricia Fitzpatrick

Sports participation is indicative of body mass index (BMI), fitness and general health and wellbeing. Little is known, however, about the presence of these indicators across certain sporting groups. The aim of this research is to explore if health indicators differ across Irish adolescents, specifically those who engage in team sports versus those who carry out activities alone, those who practice both team and solo sports, or none at all. Data were from the Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity survey of pupils aged 15-18 years. Pupils were asked if they had taken part in a list of sports inside or outside school over the last 7 days. Pupils (n=4122) aged 15.23 ± 1.55 years were stratified into team only (Team-only) (n=303), solo only (Solo-only) (n=751), both team and solo (Both) (n=2882) and Non-participating (n=186) sporting groups. A univariate general linear model was used to determine differences across and between groups. Males were more likely to play team only sports (66.3 %) and females more likely to play solo only sports (77.5 %). Controlling for age, gender, nationality and social class, there was no significant difference between BMI (F=0.28, p=.84), waist circumference (F=1.30, p=.28), systolic blood pressure (F=1.26, p=.28) or diastolic blood pressure (F=1.26, p=.66) across the sporting groups. Fitness was significantly higher in the team and both groups compared to the Solo and Non-participating groups (F=23.12, p<.001). Fitness levels in Team and Both Type sports participants were higher compared to those in Solo and Non-participating groups.

19-25

Authors: Zerf Mohammed

Lumbar pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal symptoms among health care employees (Choobineh et al., 2016). Physical sports studies have also shown to be a risk factor along with abnormal posture, bending, twisting, gardening, and lack of exercise. Since this theory, the current study was designed to examine the significance of mechanical effects of intra-abdominal on posture/balance control among soccer players under 21 yrs. Although, our background confirms that balance deficit tends to differ somewhat in the classic body types. For the proposed, a total of 163 male soccer players under 21 years from the Algerian football championship participated in the present study. Their average age 19,56±1.22 years, distributed into homogeneous groups, according to them, body fat percent categories. Tested by saving tests (Body Fat Percentage(BFP)-abdominal circumference(WC) – Abdominal test (Abdo) – Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance(DB) and standing balance(SB)). Based on the analysis statistics, we confirm: a) The increase Intra-Abdominal Fat represents big risk posture/balance control. b) Abdominal fat contributes to an abnormal function, which leads to reduced physical performance capabilities early and to pathology later. Based on the differences acquired by the research team, we emphasise that abnormal reflexes cause a constant structural misalignment, which allows a disproportionate amount of weight and muscle traction to fall on certain parts. However, sports participation cannot guarantee physiological body mass and body composition. Understood that we guide us to recommend, the evaluation of body composition as a part of body management and control. View the body gain, leads to abnormalities posture, muscle coordination, control of movement, balance, and awareness of body position.

35-42

Authors: Barbora Novotná, Pavol Bartík, Julián Krull, Elena Bendíková

Physical activity is considered to be the most important determinant of a healthy lifestyle. This article examines the results of an experiment that evaluated the effect of a leisure-time physical activity´s curriculum on the level of motor skills of pupils of lower school age in a selected school. The experiment results showed that the curriculum of physical activity did not affect the general motor skills of pupils of the experimental group. The authors recommend paying attention to the development of all motor abilities equally by creating more attractive content for leisure time physical activities that are organized by the school.