European Journal of Physical Education and Sport

116-122

Authors: Rozi Georgiaa, Thanopoulos Vassiliosa, Dopsaj Milivoj

Blood lactate is an index of maximum anaerobic capacity (Troup et al., 1992). Furthermore, is a biomechanical parameter that presents the most impressive accumulation changes in muscles and blood during exercise, in a way that by measuring it we can obtain important information about maximum swimming efforts (Mougios, 2002). Lactate accumulation in blood has been observed in several swimming tests. One of those is swimming with apnea that aims at the increase of the athlete’s endurance allowing him to swim some meters underwater. However, one of the adaptations of apnea is for sure the improvement of keeping ones breath (Van-Ness, Town, 1989). Apnea remains a popular type of training for elite swimmers maybe because it also provokes other training effects that are not yet recognized (Maglischo, 2003). The aim of this study is to examine lactate accumulation in blood and heart rate in the test of 4x50m with two different tests: a) freestyle swimming and b) freestyle swimming with dynamic apnea, between male and female swimmers. 12 male and female sprint swimmers of freestyle participated in this research. Firstly, they swam 4x50m freestyle swimming with maximum intensity. Secondly, they swam the same distance with 14-15m underwater movement and for the rest 35m they swam freestyle with maximum intensity. After each effort, blood lactate, heart rate and performance time were recorded. For the analysis of the results, multivariate analysis of variance was applied (MANOVA). No statistical significant differences for the measured variables between the test of apnea and the test without apnea for the measured variables. Differences were only observed on performance time between male and female.

131-135

Authors: Martin Horička

Our research is focused on the influence of the snowboarder psychological preparation and on the level of changes in personal features and character with the aim of increasing her sport performance during the trials. With the questionnaire SPIDO and the test TCI-R we will find out the personal features and personal descriptions, especially the level of her extroversion or introversion, emotional stability or instability (neurocentrism). With aimed psychological preparation realized during her preparation time we will try to influence her personal features (shortterm psychological statuses) to create a better sport performance on the trials. Our partial task shows a minimal difference between the TCI-R test results and questionnaire SPIDO that happened between the entrance measurement (realized at 10.2.2015) and final measurement (realized at 27.5.2016). During the control period there was not a big difference between the results. The reason is that the pedagogical experiment was applied during very short time.

149-153

Authors: J.P. Verma, Prasenjeet Biswas, Anshuman Mishra, Narendra Gangwar

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different cardio machine exercise on the sweat loss. Twelve subjects (6 male and 6 female) in the age range 20 to 35 years were taken as subjects in the study. Subjects were asked to exercise for 30 minutes on each machine while maintaining the exercise intensity in between 65 % to 75 % of maximum heart rate. On each machine before and after exercise, weight of the subjects was measured in kg. During exercise the temperature and humidity of the room were maintained at 260 C and 54.3 % respectively. The data so obtained in the study was analyzed using the randomized block design where gender was the between factor and machine was the within factor. The analysis showed that the effect of exercise machine on sweat loss was significant whereas the effect of gender and interaction (gender × machine) was not significant. Significant sweat loss occurred on treadmill in comparison to bicycle ergometer and stepper. No difference was observed in the amount of sweat loss on bicycle ergometer and stepper. On the basis of the study it is concluded that the reduction of weight due to the sweat loss should not be seen as a reflection of amount of fat reduced from the body during exercise. The study suggested that the cycling and stepper should be preferred over treadmill running as the weight loss due to sweat production was significantly lower than the treadmill.