European Journal of Physical Education and Sport

72-78

Authors: Vladimir E. Afonshin, Valery V. Rozhentsov

When computer-assisted training is used the content is provided in a certain order with relatively small portions (steps). When developing training programmes of the basic elements of a hockey stick or ball handling, the number of steps depends on the complexity of the techniques to be trained. Each step of the programme includes introductory, informational, operational and control frames. The introductory frame is a pedagogical task of creating a motivation and an overview of the competitive activity. The informational frame is transfer of theoretical knowledge when studying a particular method of action (explanation, demonstration, repeated and contrast demonstration, demonstration accompanied by simultaneous explanation). The operational frame includes practical drills – the exercises aimed at mastering the action trained. The control frame serves to perform a test to check the quality of the techniques proficiency and the effectiveness of training. The test and drills are performed on the playing ground with computer-controlled light emitters, generating unallowed light dynamic areas to be evaded by an athlete and/or sports implement. These areas emulate counter-players’ actions and while moving, put obstacles on the athlete’s way. The zones are moving following the course of straight lines up to meeting with the boundaries of the training area or among themselves. After colliding, as absolutely elastic bodies, they are moving until colliding again according to the laws of mechanics. The technique training programme is selected, for example, consisting of two basic elements – groundmoves with the subsequent handling of the sports implement. When at the first step, the trainee evaluates the emulated game situation, adjusts his/her speed and technical capacities to the dynamics of unallowed zones movement and then, at the second step, he/she performs the groundmoves. If there are no errors, the diameter and/or the speed of the unallowed zones is increased until the trainee fails to accurately perform the action being trained. Then, having mastered the groundmoves, the trainee learns to perform the second element – passing the implement to one of the fellow trainees. When testing the skill of the action handling, the diameter, the movement speed and the number of the unallowed areas are assigned according to the athlete’s proficiency level.

89-96

Authors: Anup De, Samiran Mondala

Background: The practice of yoga includes static and dynamic postures (asanas), breathing manipulations (pranayama) and meditation (dhyana). Yoga is a tool which works in the gross body level to the shuttle mind level. Yoga is a simple and inexpensive health regimen that can be incorporated as an effective adjuvant therapy for the improvement of brain and mental activity. Aim: To review scientific literatures related to yoga practice and brain function. Method: Researchers collected scientific evidences through electronic databases; Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, Google Advance Search, PsycINFO, ROAJ, DOAJR, Web of Science and critically analyzed the entire relevant article according to the nature of this study. Findings:Combined yogic practices improve memory which can influence the academic performance of the students. Meditation practices improve higher level of concentration and consciousness which may reduce the psychic disorder. Pranayama practice may be applied as alternative therapy for reducing stress related diseases Conclusions: Regular yogic practices may improve brain and others neuro cognitive functions.

103-107

Authors: J.P. Verma, J.P. Bhukar, Prasenjeet Biswas

This study was undertaken to develop different predictive models for the active college males in the age range of 18–24 years. The reference variable was the fat percentage measured with bio-electrical impendence. Five sets of independent models were generated with girth alone, skinfold alone, girth with demographic, skinfold with demographic and all together. Step-wise multiple regression was carried out in each category of variables and the best model from each category was identifies and compared. The analysis revealed that the best model evolved when all the variables were used with a R2 value of 0.797. The model with girth and demographic variables resulted in R2 of 0.793. Since girth is easier to measure, the second model may be used for the estimation in field situation. However, the model demands validation in a larger population.