European Journal of Physical Education and Sport

208-213

Authors: PavolBartík, ŠtefanAdamčák

The aim of our contribution was to find out the response of organisms to training load in the judoists of the Army Sports Club DuklaBanskáBystrica. The research sample consisted of 6 top judoists. The main method was finding out the level of blood lactate by means of the automatic analyzerBiosen C Line Sport. Due to the maximum values of blood lactate, which were measured in randori training – 8.03 mmol/l, it is obvious that the presented values do not reach average values, which were stated by e. g. Degoute et al. (2003) 12.3 mmol/l,Žára (1989) 12.36 mmol/l, Zbignew et al. (2010) between 12 mmol/l and 13.4mmol/l depending on the duration of a match in randori matches in competitions.

222-228

Authors: Boris A. Ermakov, Vladimir G. Livshitz

It's no secret that one of the most sensitive issues related to the Olympic legacy is the issue of the white elephants. That’s what we call buildings and facilities constructed specifically for the competitions but not used after the Games and only inflicting losses. This issue is now growing into one of the most relevant, not only for the countries and cities which have received the highest honour of hosting the Olympic and Paralympic Games, but for the Olympic movement in general. This article describes the authors’ vision of ways to address the issue of white elephants through the implementation of a new organizational and financial model, which provides for the shift of the conventional Olympic paradigm, particularly with respect to selection of the to-be-host cities for the up-coming Olympics, and their funding instrument. The main idea of the proposed change is resolving to transformation of the Games venue selection procedures, with the abandonment of the city-specific applicant selection approach, and transition to deciding in favour of one of the Earth’s five continents as a future Olympic tilt-yard, with respect to the rotation principle. It is proposed that the obligations to organize the Olympic Games within this new system should be assigned to the Continental Olympic Committee (COC), operating on a permanent basis and including the representatives of the National Olympic Committees of this continent according to an agreed quota. Furthermore, it is proposed that governments of the continent’s countries should proportionately providefor financing the costs of the Games delivery. It is proposed to select locations for the future Olympic competitions from the standpoint that such locations should have all the necessary infrastructure in place and should not require fundamental investment. Continental Olympic Centres should be established in such locations.In our opinion, Continental Olympic Centre is a unified facility located compactly in the Games-hosting area, selected in accordance with the proposed procedure, and having all the competition and non-competition venues required for the full-fledged delivery of the Games in terms of the Olympic sports.Let us underline that one of the main requirements to the Continental Olympic Centre is to provide for maximum proximity of the venues used for the competitions.The main criteria for selecting the Continental Olympic Centre location should be as follows: no major unjustified investment required, no big risks for local population, environment and economy of the area, good transportation system and accessibility of the venues as well as the reasonable possibility of their subsequent use. The total number of the Continental Olympic Centres in a continent can vary depending on the consolidated decision of all the National Olympic Committees of the countries in this continent.Thus, subsequent use of the venues seems appropriate from the financial and economic point of view. It seems to us that such an approach would allow to resolve a number of sensitive contradictions just by implementing purely organizational activities. It would reduce the costs of individual states on hosting the Olympic Games; alleviate the issue of efficient use of the Olympic legacy; provide conditions for greater international partnership and development of cooperation, promote credibility among states through sport, including the cessation of hostilities on the continent hosting the Olympic Games; provide for complete and consistent implementation of the basic ideals of Olympism, involving governments, communities and people of poor countries to the Olympic movement, taking into account that due to economic reasons these countries would not be able to ever host the Olympic Games on their own.

238-244

Authors: Igor A. Yurov

The article presents the frustration and motivational characteristics of athletes with different degrees of success in the most favourable age 17-20 years for achieving the high results with regard to the qualification and gender differentiation. It was found that the motives may overlap with each other, forming itself a dynamic complexes. The more the range of motives operating in a given period of sports activity the more meaningful the motivation becomes. There are possible periods (hypochondriacal symptoms, overvoltage, emotional burnout, fatigue, objective reduction results because of injuries, lack of relaxation, etc.) in sports activity, when the frustration is greater than the effectiveness of motivational factors. But the most optimal state of psychological preparedness is observed among athletes when their motivational components negate the adverse effects of the action.