Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

10-22

Authors: V. I. Bolshakov, G. P. Yevseieva, A. G. Peretokin

The history of creation and development of the Institute of ferrous metallurgy of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences named after Z. I. Nekrasov is regarded in the article. IFM has become the scientific center of the development of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine. Researches of the outstanding scientists show their significant contribution in the development of the metallurgical science and implementation of their achievements in the production of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine. Analysis of publications. History of the Institute of the ferrous metallurgy is regarded in the fundamental works devoted to the development of the metallurgical industry in Ukraine and in the works published to the jubilee dates of the prominent scientists academicians Z. I. Nekrasov, V. I. Bol’shakov and others. The purpose of the article is to analyze the process of the creation of the Institute and the stages of its development in the 20th and 21st centuries and to define the influence of the economic and political situation in the country upon this process? To regard the role of the outstanding scientists and influence of their achievements on the development of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine. The history of IFM began in 1939 when it was organized in Kharkiv as a part of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic war the Institute was moved to Ufa – the capital of Bashkiria. During the war the scientists of the Institute tried to increase the output of metal and special steels for the defence industry. In 1943 the Institute moved to Moscow and then to Kiev. In 1952 it was decided to move the Institute to Dnepropetrovsk. In order to combine the scientific researches and production of metal. Z. I. Nekrasov was elected Director of the Institute. The departments of the Indtitute were headed by academicians Z. I. Nekrasov, A. P. Chekmariov, K. F. Starodubov, Correspondence Members of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences K. P. Bunin, S. N. Kozhevnikov. Professor N. O. Voronova. Conclusion. In 1960 the site for the construction of the laboratory base was given to the Institute, It was near the Botanical garden. Academician Z. I. Nekrasov creates the Institute of his dream. After creative rise in 1960–1980s the Institute survived during difficult 1990s and remained the leading branch scientific research Institute. IFM has saved high scientific potential and continues to carry out complex scientific research works in the field of the ferrous metallurgy. Academician V. I. Bol’shakov was Director of the Institute for about 20 years (1996–2015). The Institute collaborates with all big metallurgical plants of Ukraine, countries of UIS, China, Japan and other countries.

37-42

Authors: D. F. Goncharenko, A. V. Ubyivovk, A. A. Garmash

Problem statement. Currently sanitary drainage systems of large cities inUkraine are significantly worn down with prolonged use and due to inefficient solutions for protection of the structures from aggressive effects of the environment, poor quality of materials and construction and installation works during building. Restoration of performance characteristics, reliability and durability of sewer tunnels is the costly and technically complex task, which is urgently needed to be fulfilled to prevent accidents including those with serious environmental impact. Modern work technique and the materials used for restoration allow us to solve these problems with different levels of efficiency, while reducing the cost of restoration due to use of recycled polymeric raw material, as well as to improvement of technological solutions is a currently important direction of research. Purpose of the article. To develop solutions for restoring serviceability, reliability and durability of sewer tunnels taking into account the accumulated experience in renovation of water disposal networks. Conclusion. Use of components made of recycled polymer composite materials during restoring sewer tunnels has significant economic and environmental effects and allows to undertake repair work in hard-to-reach areas.

49-56

Authors: A. A. Diskovsky, O. I. Prudko

Raising of problem.With an optimal design of inner structure of functionally graded material (FGM) based on the classical method of homogenization procedure, in cases of low concentration of inclusions, when the size of inclusions is essentially less than the distance between them, leads to computational difficulties. Purpose – the research to develop a homogenization procedure, allowing solving effectively the problem of optimizing the internal structure of FGM at low concentrations of inclusions and illustration with specific examples. Conclusion. The proposed method allows solving tasks of calculation and optimal design of the internal structure of FGM structures with variable inclusions and with a variable step between them using the same methodology. The optimization is performed using two mechanisms. The first allocation is fixed at the edges of the border areas in which inclusions are absent. The second optimization mechanism is the distribution of inclusions sizes under the law, coinciding with the distribution law of an external load. Alternate step for the step should be reduced in areas with greater intensity of the external load.

64-69

Authors: Y. I. Zaiats

Formulation of the problem. The present level of construction technology development enhances the choice relevance of the most efficient organizational and technological solutions of high-rise buildings construction. Execution of construction works is associated with many conditions, which greatly complicate their production, which in turn can lead to an actual cost increase of contractors to perform the whole complex of construction works. The process of high-rise buildings construction has specific differences, especially in terms of construction technology and organization, construction-related in conditions of the functioning structures of large cities and the existing infrastructure, the account of which will neutralize or localize the negative impact of destabilizing factors. Therefore, the design of high-rise construction organizations need to consider the influence of various destabilizing factors and implement the most efficient and modern construction methods. Goal. Determination of features and advantages of the method “up – down” in high-rise buildings construction in dense urban areas. Conclusion. Improving of the design solutions efficiency of high-rise buildings construction and their implementation, especially, time and cost reducing of construction, can be achieved by applying the construction method of the “top - down”, which requires a higher organization of labor, the use of appropriate construction machinery, equipping and instrumentation, high requirements for health and safety.

80-84

Authors: K. M. Mishuk

Raising of problem. In the article is presented the analysis of the existing technologies for the restoration of the operational usability of bitumen-polymeric carpet, which allowed to identify their disadvantages, suggested ways to solve problems and highlighted the results of the studies. Firstly, existing bitumen-ruberoid carpet has a residual hydro insulating capacity that can be effectively used. Secondly, the physical condition of the repaired carpet has different types of defects and damage without the proper removal of which is difficult to ensure the desired outcome. The applying of additional layers in conditions of moistening of the lower layers and other defects contributes to their conservation and accelerated loss of operational integrity.Removal of these impacts can be up to 40–50 % of all work, can not provide the required effectiveness outcomes in terms of durability, reliability and cost. Therefore the problem is to find ways to achieve a longer after repairing operation with simultaneous reduction of consumables indicators. Purpose of the study is to develop technological solutions serviceability restoration of roofing using unrolling technologies on the principles to minimize the impact of negative factors and the maximum possible use and strengthen the remaining hydro potential of the insulating coating through the use of special impregnating – saturating compositions. Features such compositions are based on the ability to deeply penetrate the thick bitumen-ruberoid carpet and restore his lost components and provide increased water resistance.

100-107

Authors: V. V. Lykhohrai

Problem Statement. The main characteristic of the buildings, including Orthodox churches, is a reliability index. It depends on the service condition and includes reliability, durability, effective age of a structure and suitability of buildings and their separate elements to repairs [4; 10]. Despite the fact that the greatest losses Ukrainian architectural heritage have suffered from the policy of the communist regime and utilitarian, equally important factor was the low cultural standard of living. A number of lost churches as a result of neglect and "unconscious vandalism" is equal to the losses that were caused by the First and Second World Wars [2; 9]. As a result of the increase, the intensity of the adverse factors impact on Orthodox churches building their reliability is reduced. Since the dominant number of scientific publications dealing with technical condition and methods of restoration only for particular buildings, it is still no common data on the primary cause of the destruction of Orthodox churches. The main unexplored issues include the following: 1) what kinds of structural destructions have a mass character; 2) what kinds of what factors have a critical role in reducing building reliability index; 3) what are the main causes of the loss of interior decoration of churches. Research in this area will help to prioritize the development of constructive and technological solutions for the restoration of Ukrainian sacral architectural heritage. The purpose of the article. To identify factors which have the most impact on the durability of supporting structures of stone Orthodox churches (including which were built before 1917) and preserve their interior decoration on the basis of the expert survey. Conclusion. According to the results of expert evaluation and calculations, found that: cupolas, vaults (domes) and vertical bearing structures suffered the most significant losses; the main destructive factors of Orthodox churches can be considered disturbance of building structural scheme of the building, disturbance of service condition, temperature and humidity condition; mistakes in the design and construction of churches caused minimal loss of Orthodox church (due to the fact that churches are considered those that have survived).