Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

10-19

Authors: Sedin V. L., D. Sc. (Tech.), prof.; Danishevs'kyy V. V., D. Sc. (Tech.), prof.; Bikus E. M., Junior researcher and Postgrad. Stud.; Kovba V. V., Grad. Stud.

Problem statement. In modern conditions of geotechnical construction related with the problem of increasing loads on the basis of foundations of buildings and structures, and development of areas with complex engineering-geological conditions pile foundations widespread. So, the problem of economic and effective application comes of different types of pile foundations comes firstly, while ensuring a high level of reliability of buildings and structures throughout the lifetime, and the main task is to using a maximum potential of subgrade, for transmission to a maximum bearing capacity. When interacting pile with the surrounding soil occurs complex impure soil stress-strain state, which determines its load-bearing capacity and deformation, but it is not realized fully by the uneven distribution of efforts between the skin surface and the pile bottom. That are close to each other piles have skin resistance than being at a greater distance. The speed of movement of the soil caused by the combined influence of piles equals with the speed of movement of the piles, this occurs due to their mutual displacement and tangential stresses of the soil used irrationally. Analytical calculation of "rational" placement of piles, where the load-bearing capacity of soil beneath pile bottom will be used effectively and fully is the need to choose the optimum ratio between the length of piles and the distance between them. A promising direction is the applying of advanced mathematical methods, in particular the asymptotic, and to perform calculations in mathematical packages such as MathCAD, in which one can see the progress of calculation. The purpuse is to use the asymptotic method for the assessment of soil stress-strain state bases of pile foundation, a creation of the method for determining the tangential and longitudinal stresses along the pile and under the bottom edge of multilayer substrates, under static loading of piles, depending on the distance between the piles, the study of the influence of the contact at the border "pile – subgrade". Conclusion. a method for determining the tangential and longitudinal stresses along the pile and under the bottom edge of multilayer substrates is reated and is tested, research of the effect of exposure on the border "pile - subgrade," its optimal thickness is chosen for the task.

29-35

Authors: Zaiats I. I., Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Ass.-prof.; Yepifantseva S. V., post. grad. stud.

Problem stastement. Strong growth in urban population has led to a shortage of land. Thus the task of providing housing for the population, which is characterized by high consumption and performance with a high level of improvement, rises very sharply. One way to solve this problem is to further increase the number of storeys of residential buildings. Increasing the number of storeys of residential and public buildings is an objective reality at the present stage of urban development in Ukraine, as industrial enterprises are concentrated mainly in large regional centers, which are respectively activated civil housing. All participants of investment and construction process are interested in increasing the number of apartments in residential buildings, efficient use of land and efficient use of investments. This, in turn, leads to the need to ensure a comfortable and safe living conditions in high-rise buildings. One of the major high-rise construction is the location of such facilities, because the main aim is the preservation of the original historic buildings and the unique landscape that mark a specific city and is their calling card. Analyzing the experience of professionals involved in the design, construction and operation of high-rise buildings, it is possible to identify and classify a number of problems, which often arise in the design of high-rise buildings in historic medium major cities of Ukraine: planning problems associated with the inclusion of high-rise buildings in transport and pedestrian networks; functional problems; problems caused by interaction with other objects; landscape and recreational issues; sanitary problems; fire problems; internal organization of the building; engineering problems; geological problems; aesthetic problems; the problems associated with the impact on the behaviour of the population. These features should be considered when designing high-rise buildings and the adoption of urban planning, architecture, space planning, design, engineering and organizational and technological decisions for the construction of high-rise buildings. Purpose. Analysis of the characteristics of high-rise buildings and identify the factors influencing the choice of town-planning, space-planning, constructive, engineering and organizational and technological decisions. Conclusion. The construction of high-rise buildings should be preceded by a detailed comprehensive analysis of urban areas, identifying potential locations of vertical accents and determine the feasibility of their concentration. The identified areas should receive specific training on adapting to the needs of high-rise construction. Such areas, depending on conditions, can be found both in the historical part of the city or on its border, which is almost always associated with certain difficulties, or in a peripheral area or even outside the city, which greatly simplifies the development area. These features necessitated the development of new and improvement of existing methods of formation, evaluation, justification and selection of organizational and technological solutions for the construction of high-rise buildings, because all the known methods have been proposed to the emergence of high-rise buildings.

44-51

Authors: Ufimtseva O. Yu., Ph. Dr. (Tech.), Associate Prof.

Problem statement. Relations that form regarding production, processing, storage, transfer, exchange and consumption of information obtain managing values in modern economics of post-industrial type. At that information can be analyzed as consumer amenities that bring definite utility as a result of consumptive use, or as information resource that is able to take part in the process of production. In the given work the approach to information is used from the point of view of its consumer appeals, that is as economic good. The analysis of scientific investigations concerning usefulness of information amenities shows absence of a single approach to the given question. While creating a generalized model, preconditions represented in the models of leading scientists were taken into consideration. Purpose. To develop a concept of utility of information amenities on the basis of synthesis of existing theories of utility of information. To take out generalized criterion characterizing restrictions in consumption of information. To create preconditions for cost estimate of information amenities. Modern tendencies’ accounting of technological progress should be reflected in the new microeconomic indicators, as well as in the indicators of information goods using effectiveness. Conclusion. Obtained functions of total and marginal utility of information amenities confirm necessity of special approach to their analysis. The restricted ability of information perception by individual consumer is expressed through coefficient of cognition developed by the author. It’s decreasing dynamics preconditions achievement of maximum value of total utility and possibility of negative value of marginal utility. However, increase of consumption of information amenities creates increasing return conditioned upon knowledge gathering. It becomes apparent in increase of average coefficient of cognition according to increase of knowledge structure. At that marginal utility of information will not vanish, that is total utility does not achieve maximum. Dynamics of marginal utility of information amenities complies with general law of diminishing marginal utility starting only from a definite moment. Marginal analysis of information amenities promotes rationale of its cost estimate that is one of the most urgent questions in modern economics.

64-69

Authors: Yevseieva G. P., Dr. Sc. , Prof.; Acimova V. S., Senior Lecturer.

Problem statement. The society offers new requirements to preparation of a lecturer who should talk not only about basic knowledge and skills independently from specialty, but also about pedagogical oratorical art that creates a foundation of a lecturer’s qualification. Analysis of research. Analysis of scientific literature showed that rhetoric knowledge would favor formation of skills of cultural way of speech interaction is a part of rhetoric culture was not represented completely enough. Culture of language is considered by scientists traditionally, but unfortunately it cannot solve problem of rhetoric culture.The objective of the article. To consider the task of pedagogical rhetoric according to personal abilities and particular situation of communication; to analyze and create own original style and broaden the boundaries the horizons of rhetoric in the context of the tasks of the higher school. Conclusions. So, oratory is a very delicate tool and it should be used carefully, it has its danger and use. It can be shield and sword of courage but dagger of slander. Real oratorical art is a harmonic combination of content and form, theory and culture of language and teacher should has it in a perfect way. To show the deep of theory in a perfect, nice, elegant language package. Oratorical pedagogical art is a skill to talk nice, fascinating , perfectly, emotionally, it is an ability to educate and bring up without pressure and violence, conclusiveness should take an aesthetic satisfaction, to the lecturer should be the real possessor of an audience, influence on a will and encourage to active professional activity based on knowledge and personal skills.