Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

9-15

Authors: I. I. Zaiats

Formulation of the problem. Modern large cities with developed engineering infrastructure are, on the one hand, scientific, educational and cultural centers, on the other hand – the sources of social tension. Currently in metropolitan areas is carried out at a significant pace design and construction of high–rise buildings. Moreover, these trends in the development of the urban environment are observed in different countries and on different continents. Analysis of publications. Today there is a tendency to increase the number of cities and reducing the number of rural settlements in Ukraine [5; 6]. Accordingly, most of the Ukrainian population lives in cities, where spent a significant portion of harvests. In this regard, the transformation of modern cities should be in the direction of the application of energy–saving, environmentally friendly technologies to support their lives [3; 4; 7–10]. The purpose of this paper is to identify major trends in the design and construction of high–rise mixed–use complexes in major cities. Conclusions. Described objects are only part of the total high–rise construction. The process of construction of high–rise buildings continues to grow, especially in the further expansion and improvement of technical capabilities, as well as in terms of the use of new building materials. Analysis of high–rise construction projects multifunctional complexes allows to distinguish two main trend of building construction for the next 10–20 years: first, architectural singularity, secondly, environmental projects, which is dictated by the need to ensure the physical and psychological comfort sverhurbanizirovannoy human environment.

21-28

Authors: A. Belikov, V. Slowinski, D. Fedorenko, I. Fedchenko, S. Pozdeev

The problem. Testing the concrete columns on fire is carried out in accordance with the applicable standards of Ukraine. According to these standards the column should be subjected to the firing action under the condition of the column load power factors that fully meet the load in the column under the design model of the building. These factors are created by the corresponding nodes of the testing facilities that combine fire oven with the support-loading device. Fire oven has fireproof enclosures, configuration that ensures evenly heating of the construction elements. It is also equipped with fuel- nozzle system on liquid fuel that ensures standard temperature mode of fire. Mechanical load is created by hydraulic press that ensures compressive strength up to 500 t. The implementation of these conditions causes certain technical difficulties such as mismatch of conditions of fixing and loading the column in the construction, mismatch of out-sample for testing and the real column etc. That is why the standard for fire resistance test of columns does not prohibit testing without applying mechanical stress; meanwhile the aforementioned standard does not give any grounded methodology for determining the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns based on such testing. Moreover, fire test of the columns have limitations on the length of the subjected columns, ways of their fixing, type and size of mechanical loading on the column. Analysis of recent achievements and publications. Analysis of publications on computational methods for designing concrete columns by their fire safety shows that the appointed methods allow to take into account all of the listed features. Therefore the objective of the study is formulated. Statement of the problem and its solution. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the method of solution strength problem to assess the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns with rectangular cross section calculated on the basis of the interpretation of the results of fire tests. The method of determination of actual fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns is given in the article. The stated method is based on the calculation interpretation of fire tests without applying mechanical stress. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the problem of restoration of temperature fields in the cross section of the column by results of point temperature measurement in the inner layers. The methodology of the problem solution is described in the article. Under the terms of the implementation of the developed methods it is necessary to interpolate the results of measurements of temperature in the control points section of reinforced concrete columns. For testing procedures of fire assessment methods by interpreting the results of fire tests appointed testing of two reinforced concrete columns 500 Ч 500 Ч 3 000 from heavy concrete was conducted on granite filler in the fire oven. Conclusions. As a result of the research the following conclusions can be made. 1. Fire testing of reinforced concrete columns was conducted. On the basis of this testing the stability of interpolation methods was investigated. Therefore the most effective method of interpolation was selected. The method is based on approximation of field isotherms. 2. The sequence of procedures of strength calculation method on the basis of temperature measurement in the inner layers of the reinforced concrete column during fire testing was grounded. 27 3. The limit of fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns was determined on the basis of interpretation of the data obtained during the fire tests using the proposed method of calculating strength.

31-37

Authors: R. Krol, L. Bondarenko

Problem. To overcome rolling resistance and rolling repair units spent heavily countries. Since one of the major cost elements are overcoming rolling resistance in of ball and roller bearings, it is necessary to more accurately determine its value and in particular the coefficient of rolling friction transferred to the shaft. Its value is given in the references and recommended for of ball bearings, roller bearings in [1]. These differences should be attributed to the material holders and balls and rollers, as well as due to viscosity oils. The purpose of the article. Submit Analytical relations for determining rolling resistance balls and rollers for different schemes of touch and give more accurate values of the coefficient of rolling friction reduced to shaft or bearing internal cage. Analysis of the main indicators of the calculations bearing units with different schemes of touch suggests: – Obtained dependence of the resistance movement; – Dependences coefficient of rolling friction of the load allowable on the ball and the cylinder will make for rational analysis unit bearings in terms of size and power consumption.

48-52

Authors: E. Barannyk, A. Beloshkurskaya, A. Shvets

Ukrainian, as well as all culture of Ukraine, from beginning of the existence often experienced heavy moments, carried serious losses, got sickly shots. It was forbidden people to talk Ukrainian, national traditions are beggar, a book–printing was destroyed Ukrainian, education are aspire to Russian. Plenty of modern scientists devoted the works to digressions in history of development of Ukrainian, linhvocyd on Ukrainian soil: Ya. Radevych–Vynnyts'kyy «Ukraine: from a language to nation»; L. Masenko, V. Kuybachuk, O. Dems'ka–Kul'chyts'ka «Ukrainian in ХХ century: history of linhvocyd», M. H. Zubkov «Ukrainian»; N. Virchenko «Documents about prohibition of Ukrainian (XVII–XX of century)». By an aim our secret services are lineation of thorny way of development of Ukrainian, in fact during great while of forming and becoming of Ukrainian, functioning of her in all spheres of life, existence in general as languages of separate original nation were accompanied by the negative phenomena. In the article short digression is given in history of development of Ukrainian from times of Petro first and Ekaterina second to times independent Ukraine.

56-60

Authors: E. Barannyk, A. Vereshchak, A. Malyi

Raising of problem. That such the Ukrainian youth slang? He is named now the interesting linguistic phenomenon existence of that limit not only by certain age–old scopes, as it clear from his name, but also by social, temporal, spatial scopes. He exists mainly in the environment of young people, that studies, but is clear for other. Analysis of previous researches. The problem of youth slang plenty of scientific works is sanctified to: to research of Ukrainian–language slangy and substandard vocabulary the devoted labours of L. O. Stavyts'koyi; the separate aspects of functioning of slang vocabulary in Ukrainian investigate Yu. L. Mosenkis; O. S. Fursa. It costs to distinguish research of functioning of slang vocabulary from positions of sociolinguistics of city T. M. Mykolenko; dissertation work of S. A. Martos sanctified to the youth slang of Kherson. The Ukrainian computer slang is examined in research of I. I. Shchur. An important contribution to development of the Ukrainian sociolinguistics was also done by L. O. Kudryavtseva, in labour of that functioning of slangy and slang vocabularies is investigated in Russian in Ukraine. However, without regard to the far enough of labours, the modern state of research of problem of differentiation of unnormative subsystems of language remains actual enough. Conclusions. On the modern stage of development of languages a youth slang is one of main sources of addition to dictionary composition. Scientists mark that elements of slang or disappear quickly, or included in a literary language. Borrowing of words and word–combinations of slang and jargons in a literary vocabulary predetermined first of all by the necessity of addition to expressive facilities. Most units of slang and jargons are literary units that got specific values. But, it is necessary to understand that a slang influences on development and state of our language not from the best side. He presents a most danger that slang in consciousness delivered stylistic colouring and perceived as «ordinary words». Jargon and slang wash the enormous layers of literary vocabulary from our language, impoverishes a language, the same, preventing to intellectual and creative development of personality. It is necessary to remember, that the excessive use of slang conducts to become the mother tongue poorer

64-69

Authors: O. V. Khrystya, A. Bondarenko, K. Karakash

Problem definition. Language is one of the important factors of consolidation and development of the nation. Problems concerned language issue are relevant to many countries at the beginning of the XXI century. Analysis of publishings. A lot of scientific researches deal with the analysis of the different features of language situation. These problems are analysed by O. Potebnya, Yu. Pradid, L. Masenko, O. Ponomaryov, G. Yevseeva, T. Panko, A. Pogribniy, I. Lopushynskiy etc. The aim of the article is the survey of the up to date researches of the current language situation in Ukraine. Conclusion. In modern globalized polyethnic society the concernment of scientists, statesmen and citizens on the language problems is the basement for the stability in the society and for the stable social and cultural development of the modern ethnic societies.