Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

6

Authors: Abdul Maalik1, Sidra Saleem2, Riffatullah3*, Urooj Afreen1

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus disorders are the leading cause of death and initiative of other diseases at the time of delivery or pregnancy. It can leads to maternal, neonatal or fetal morbidity or mortality in all over the world. Therefore, the study has been conducted to determine the effect of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on adverse perinatal outcomes and the study have been conducted in tertiary centers. The frequency of hypertension as well as diabetes mellitus has been explored in the study in pregnancy and its association was found with gestational age and stillbirth. Objective: The study was conducted to find frequency of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on pregnancy and its association with gestational age and stillbirth. Study Design: The population-based study was conducted for the analysis of effect of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on pregnancy and the duration of study was five months from August 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: A prospective population based observation study was conducted for 1st delivery. The data of almost 150 pregnant women was collected who were experiencing hypertension and diabetes mellitus at the time of pregnancy. It was also found in the study either the pregnancy and these conditions have any association or not. Results: It was determined in the study that pregnancy is associated with many complications from which most common are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The result showed that the age of about 76 out of 150 pregnant women who were dealing with hypertension at the time of pregnancy and the age was range from 31-40. The study also showed that age is also linked with diabetes mellitus during pregnancy such as most of the women 76 out of 150 patients were dealing with diabetes mellitus during gestational period. Conclusion: It was concluded from the results that age is highly associated with various diseases especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus at the time of pregnancy. These diseases are the leading cause of other morbidities as well as mortalities for both mother and neonatal. It is important to handle the situation and take good care about these diseases especially during pregnancy.

7

Authors: Sarah Ashfaque, Ashfaq Ahmad, Mumtaz Hussain*, Rahat Ilyas

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is associated with the pain of muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones that can leads to pain of musculoskeletal. The pain is increasing in people of both developing and developed countries and its cause is not much clear and varies from person to person. Its prevalence depends on social and cultural difference but according to an estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is 30% ranges from 13.5% to 47%. When people do not take it serious and disease remain untreated leads to chronic musculoskeletal pain that is difficult to treat. The it’s prevalence is higher in the age of 30s to 50s. Objective: The study was conducted to find prevalence of musculoskeletal pain as well as its association with the nature of work. The severity of musculoskeletal pain and its relation with gender has also been studied in this article. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on the people who suffering with musculoskeletal pain due to any reason. The data was gathered of about 150 patients from which 86 were male and 64 were female with different age groups. Along with prevalence of pain, the severity of pain was also studied and observed in the article for getting understanding of effective treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Results: The results determined that 78 out of 150 patients from which 1 was female and 7 were male were suffering with the moderate pain during the disease while 42 patients, only 2 male and 40 female explained about severe pain. The results showed that 125 out of 150 patients claimed that at the time of initial onset of the trouble was their age and their age play important role in worsening their pain. Furthermore, the study revealed that sometimes the situation become very problematic and they have to hospitalize for few days such as 86 patients agreed that they hospitalized during disease for management of pain. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain is increasing day by day due to diversity and complexity of work during daily life. Most of the people do work by sitting on chair and does not do any work in which they have to walk or do exercise due to which bones become weak and people experienced pain in bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments. The management of pain during its initial stage is very important because situation can become worse when remain untreated and patients also have to hospitalize due to severe pain.

8

Authors: Faizan Muhammad*, Saniya Mustafa, Muhammad Muzammal, Muhammad Ilyas

Hamstring muscle is posterior thigh muscle between the hip and the knee and chances of injuries in this muscle are very high. The hamstring strain are divided into three types depending upon the nature and severity of pain. These classes named as Grade I tear, Grade II tear, Grade III tear. The career of many athletes have been destroyed due to hamstring injuries. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hamstring strains regarding to gender, age. Furthermore, the association of hamstring problems with pain in different postures was also found in this study. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the prevalence of pain and its association with postures. The data was collected of almost 150 patients with hamstring injuries. The analysis was done to determine the effects of different variables in injuries of hamstring muscles. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of injures of hamstring muscles is higher in male as compare to female. 80 males out of 150 patients were dealing with this disease and rates of disease was much higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Mostly, patients feel pain all the time due to injuries as 61 out of 150 claimed that they feel pain due to injury. Conclusion: Hamstring injuries are most common cause of pain in young people and occur due to many reasons. People dealing with this disease feel pain all the time and the pain due to this injury is unbearable. The patients feel pain during all activities such walking, jumping and running.