International Humanities Studies

18-38

Authors: Mª Teresa González Santos

In this article, I propose to carry out, first, an analysis of the effects the Family Code, or Al-mudawwana, has on social structure, specifically with regards to the role of women in the Moroccan labour context. The transposition of French law to the Moroccan territory until its independence in 1956, and its definitive adoption for the acceptance of international treaties raises the inescapable question about where the separation between Islamic law and constitutional law lies. On one hand, the Islamic law regulates private life, and on the other hand constitutional law governs public life, resulting in a bipolar legal system that does not operate without major problems when discerning which of them should be integrated into the framework of the other and vice versa. This is taken with reference to the situation of the women, their right to work, their treatment under the Al-mudawwana and their valuation in domestic work. Second, we will analyse how the participation of Moroccan women in the labour market is characterised - being fragmented between formal and informal positions - while at the same time being divided in a dual-mode in primary and secondary segments in the market. Finally, we will describe situations of exploitation that women workers face. These arise from the phenomena of economic globalisation, which has had an unprecedented influence on Morocco due to the economic reforms undertaken in the country with the creation of Free Trade Zones, or Free Zones, to bring Morocco into a strategic position economically. Key words: Morocco, Al-mudawwana, Women workers, Labour market, Free Trade Zones, Globalisation, Exploitation.

49-63

Authors: Isabel Cómitre Narváez & José Mª Valverde Zambrana

Learning a foreign language accurately means more than simply mastering its linguistic structure, phonetics, vocabulary and idioms. It means learning also to see the world as native speakers of that language see it, learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behaviour of their society. Learning a language, in fact, is indivisible from learning its culture; therefore a pragmatic component needs to be included in the curriculum design of a foreign language. We also have to widen the concept of sociocultural contents, these cannot only deal with the mere explanation on “uses and habits” of the countries nor with the so often simplified contextual information, therefore, we have to deal with the use of language in specific communication situations. The learner of a foreign language has to be aware of cultural differences between his and the Metalanguage and be able to behave within a multicultural context. Key words: Pragmatics, Interculturality, Communicative competence, Foreign language learning.

66-68

Authors: Iyad Khamaysa

The current study aims at identifying the traumatic loss experiences and social adaptation among the families of Palestinian suicide martyrs (Istishhadiyin). The study has tackled its topic as a multi dimensional phenomenon. To achieve this end, the researcher developed a 178-item questionnaire; divided into five sub-scales: The first sub-scale includes primary data about the interviewees; the second one includes general information about Palestinian suicide martyrs; while the third part includes the scale of the traumatic loss experiences with its various dimensions: (Martyrdom incident, experience and symptoms of trauma). In return the fourth part includes the adaptation scale with its four dimensions: (Personal, psychological, social, and life orientation); the fifth part includes a scale of special support with its three dimensions: (Financial, psychological and social). The tool of the study was conducted on a sample of (132) families of Palestinian suicide martyrs in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, selected randomly. The sample constituted (66%) of the study population. Following collection of data, they were statistically processed using (SPSS). The findings of the study have revealed statistically significant differences in the traumatic loss experience among the families of Palestinian suicide martyrs according to gender, locality, qualification, relationship to the martyr, refugee status, year of martyrdom, exposure of martyr to Israeli violence and reception of martyr body. The study reveals that there is a positive correlation between age and the traumatic loss experiences. Moreover, the study shows that there are statistical significance differences in the social adaptation among the families of Palestinian suicide martyrs attributable to the following variables: gender, locality, qualification, family relationship to the martyr, type of family, year of martyrdom, birth rank in the family, exposure of martyr to the Israeli violence and the reception of the martyr body. In addition, findings demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between age and the social adaptation. Moreover, results have shown that there are statistical significance differences in support among the families of Palestinian suicide martyrs according to: gender, place of residence, locality, relationship to the martyr, refugee status, type of family, year of martyrdom, birth rank in the family and reception of martyr body. Besides, the study shows that there is a negative correlation between the traumatic loss experiences among the families of Palestinian suicide martyrs and the level of social adaptation, as well as a negative correlation between the level of support with its different types and the experiences of traumatic loss among the families of Palestinian suicide martyrs. In conclusion, the study ends up with several recommendations, among which the most prominent is the necessity of planning programmed of psychological, social and economic support to activate their role in society in the various activities, and to demand international organizations and governments to intervene immediately to release the bodies of the martyrs detained in Israel for its traumatic effects on the life of their families in particular, and on the life of the Palestinians in general. Key words: Trauma, Suicide, Loss experience, Martyr, Adaptation