Journal of Dental Sciences

1-8

Authors: Vagish Kumar L S

Change and modification is a continuous process in advancement of technology. Research is being done to understand the cellular and molecular basisof every disease. Most of the conventional methods to treat diseases have not been giving satisfactory results, so currently there is increasing focus on gene therapy to treat wide variety of inherited and acquired diseases. Gene therapy is the use of genes as medicine. It is a method by which defective gene is replaced or repaired by a therapeutic gene. Gene therapy can be used to treat wide range of diseases ranging from single gene disorder to multi-gene disorder. It has variety of applicationsin the field of dentistry like in cancerous and precancerous condition, salivary gland disorders, autoimmune diseases, bone repair, DNA vaccination, bone repair etc. Minor salivary glands and keratinocytes present in the oral mucosa are excellent target sites for gene therapy since it can be readily accomplished with minimal invasive manner. This makes dentists as suitable candidate for gene therapy. Aim of this article is to focus in brief on the basic principles of gene therapy, its applications in the field of dentistry and its limitations and disadvantages.

1-4

Authors: Darshana Bennadi

With the swelling number of immigrants around the world, there has been a growing concernabout the gradual process of acculturation; Acculturation which leads health and oral health disparities. Now a days it is one of the major public health challenge which require development of measures that captures its positive and negative effects on individuals and community at large. This review has focused on its measurement and impacts on oral health

1-5

Authors: Manu Rathee

The elusive dream of replacing missing teeth with artificial substitute has been part of dentistry for a thousand years. Since, the co-incidental finding of osseointegration, implant dentistry evolved with aim to achieve primary implant stability and improve bone-implant contact. However, critical determinants with potential to improve success rate falls on prosthetic as much as on surgical phase. During the past several decades, a plethora implants-abutment designs and materials have been introduced to facilitate better prosthetic rehabilitation under individual clinical situation which focuses to achieve an ideal esthetic and functions that it completely indistinguishable from natural teeth and stable over time. This „restorative driven‟ implant placement protocol provides long term synergy between implant-prosthesis unit and peri-implant hard & soft tissue. This paper propose a „Synergy Triad‟ that facilitate hard and soft tissue enhancement around implant prosthesis and discusses the various concepts that modulate peri-implant tissue characteristics through appropriate abutment selection for individual clinical need

1-6

Authors: Piero Policicchio

Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth and is caused by specific microorganisms or group of specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with periodontal pocket formation, gingival recession or both. The link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases has been progressively recognized over the past two decades. Currently there is a large amount of data in epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies that strongly correlate the role of periodontal pathogens on systemic organs by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Although the relationship between periodontal disease, inflammation and overall health has been suspected, numerous studies are providing more comprehensive evidence for this link. In this context, diabetes predisposes oral tissues to greater periodontal destruction but several studies have now identified that periodontal disease leads to poor glycemic control. It was hence predicted that there exists a two-wayrelationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The regular use of Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system as an oral hygiene device is optimal for suppressing both periodontal infection and associated systemic diseases (Diabetes) as compared to conventional tooth brushing.

1-6

Authors: Ashwini Ashok Apine

Animal models are required to objectively evaluate the physiology and pathogenesis of human periodontal diseases and its various treatment modalities. Selection of the appropriate animal model depends on the similarity of the periodontium and the nature ofthe disease to that of humans. The more commonly used animal models for studying the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, use of implants and guided tissue regeneration have been dogs and nonhuman primates. Rats and hamsters are best suited for caries andcalculus research. Variables unique to each animal species are manifested by a wide range of clinical and histopathological features. Different species have distinct diets, habits, life spans, tissue structures, host defence mechanisms and genetic traits.This article describes the diversity seen in animal models used to study periodontal disease and its prevention and treatment.

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Authors: Jasmine Kaur

Fractures of the zygomatic complex are the second most common fractures of the middle third of the face. The treatment should aim at optimal reduction and fixation while taking into consideration patient satisfaction in terms of pain control, type of anaesthesia and treatment cost. This study is designed to assess the anxiolytic, sedative, amnesic properties as well as safety and efficacy of use of midazolam as intravenous sedation agent in treatment of isolated zygomatic fractures.The present study was conducted at an urban institute in Amritsar , Punjab from January 2011 to june 2012. The study was undertaken in 10 patients of isolated zygomatic fracture under local anesthesia and intravenous midazolam. The parameters evaluatedwere : blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate , oxygen saturation, airway, sedation, anxiety and surgeon‟s assessment. These were recorded pre-operatively, pre-procedure, peri-operative, immediately post-operative for 2 hours and late postoperativeat 12 and 24 hours. The fracture was exposed using a combination of Gilles temporal incision, supra orbital incision, maxillary vestibular incision and crows foot incision. A 2 point fixation was done using 2mm stainless steel monocortical plates. The effect of midazolam was insignificant on blood pressure and respiratory rate , whereas it was statistically significant on the heart rate , oxygen saturation and anxiety. Appropriate sedation was achieved in 90% of the patients. The degree of amnesia ranged from mild to profound. Operative comfort was rated as “good” in 60% of the patients. Optimal reduction of the fracture was achieved in 70% of the patients. Midazolam as a conscious sedative agent can be very successful in treatment of fractures of the zygomatic bone in reducing patient hospitalization, patient morbidity, complications and lowering the overall cost of the patient by avoiding general anesthesia

1-8

Authors: Ravi M Subrahmanya

Three dimensional evaluations of skeletal features is very important to differentiate skeletal and dental malocclusions and the factors contributing for malocclusion per se. Hence this study was designed with aim and objective of assessingthe facial asymmetry in transverse plane in individuals having skeletal class II jaw discrepancy.90 subjects (45 males and 45 females) aged 18-30 years were selected as per inclusion criteria.The facial asymmetry of skeletal class II individuals were compared using Grummon’s analysis in frontal cephalograms.The data obtained was statistically analyzed using Paired‘t’ test.Significant differences were observed between right side and left side values in relation to Ag-Me in males and Co-Ag-Me in females in group III individuals.Significant differences were observed between right side and left side valuesin relation to J-MSRin males in Group II individuals. Significant differenceswere observed between right side and left side valuesin relation to Me-MSR in males in Group II individuals. Facial asymmetry exists between right and left sides in class II individuals.Maxilla is more asymmetrical than mandible in patients with maxillary excess.Asymmetry showed male dominance in individuals with maxillary excess and mandibular deficiency

1-5

Authors: Darshana Bennadi

The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and practices among the teaching staff of J.S.S. Medical Institutions of Mysore towards health and environment and suggest measures to protect our only home i.e., Planet earth. Questionnaire based cross sectional survey to assess knowledge and practices towards health and environment conducted among the teaching staff of J.S.S.Medical Institutions ofMysore. When the questions were asked regarding the knowledge towards health and environment like cause of global warming, 90.12% (n=73) answered correctly. 62.96% (n=51) knew that solar energy is renewable and 7.4 % (n=6) of the respondents didn’t have any knowledge regarding renewable resources. 87.65 % (n=71) of the respondents knew that health emergencies can arise from natural disasters like Tsunami, floods, earthquakes etc.Respondents were using one or the other eco-friendly materials and methods to protect the climatic changes. Climate change is real. Human activities are prime cause. Human activities can also be the solution. We must act now together, to find ways to protect human health and the people on this planet.

1-6

Authors: Sura Ali Fuoad

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of different tongue conditions and relate them to data obtained about symptoms, gender habits in Iraqi dental outpatients.A total of 130 subjects were included in this study, most of the diagnosis done on clinical bases unless conformation with other investigations is needed. Information about the age, gender, site of the lesion, associated symptoms and habits were obtained.Tongue lesions were found predominantly in subjects with age range from 20-59 years. Ulcers were the most common lesion found in 25% of subjects, the dorsal surface of the tongue was the common site. Tongue lesions had slightly higher female predilection mostly on the dorsal surface of the tongue. 39 subjects were smokers with age range form 20-59 years.Tongue lesions may affect both genders, in middle age, dorsal surface of the tongue is the commonest site,an efficient oral health program such as attentionto cultural practices and the elimination of risk habits and may improve tongue hygiene