Journal of Dental Sciences

1-8

Authors: Tatjana Puskar

Background: Reinforcement of PMMA has been an issue since it has been first introduced in the dental practice. Various improvements have been suggested, out of which addition of nano particles presents most recent method. Effect of nano particle addition on mechanical and biological properties off PMMA materials remains to be determined. Materials and methods: The materials used were mixed with SiO2 nano particles ranging from 0.05% to 2 wt.%. Determination of flexural strength and modulus of elasticity was done by three-point bending test on Universal testing machine. Most successful nano-modified materials were chosen for cytotoxicity assessment using L929 and MRC 5 cell lines. Results: The highest values for flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were obtained with 0.05% or 0.1% nanosilica addition, depending on the composition of the material. The secondary peek was observed at 2%. Addition of silica nano particles affected cytotoxicity of the material that was concentration depended. Conclusion: Modulus of elasticity and flexural strength are strongly dependent on material nano-particle content. All of the materials tested proven satisfactory regarding their cytotoxic potential.

1-4

Authors: Manu Rathee

Gingival biotype is of greatest concern in aesthetic reconstructive dentistry, particularly affecting the successful outcome of dental implant placement, periodontal surgeries such as root coverage and ridge augmentation procedures. As gingival biotype has been classified into thick and thin, their applicability into various diagnostic, surgical procedures are hence, must to redaction. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview on gingival biotype and application of available knowledge into practicality.

1-7

Authors: Amal S Al Awdah

Purpose: To investigate the effects of two different forms of sodium ascorbate (solution and gel) as antioxidant surface treatments in reversing the compromised bond strength after vital in-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: The study included 25 natural teeth (premolars). The crown of each tooth was sectioned in the mesio-distal direction to use both the buccal and lingual enamel surfaces for the bonding procedures. Then, the samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10), according to different treatment options of bleaching and bonding. The specimens were then subjected to a shear bond strength test using a universal testing machine. The modes of bond failure were determined using a stereomicroscope and a digital camera. Results: Bleached enamel immersed in saliva for two weeks before bonding and nonbleached enamel surfaces showed significantly higher bond strengths to composite resin than did enamel surfaces bonded immediately after bleaching without an antioxidant surface treatment (P=.000). There was no significant difference between delaying bonding for two weeks after bleaching and bonding without any bleaching procedure (P=.999). A resin composite bonded to bleached enamel surfaces that were treated with both antioxidants in the different solution forms showed a significantly higher shear bond strength than did a resin composite bonded immediately after bleaching (P=.000). There was no significant difference between the use of sodium ascorbate solution or gel in the shear bond strength (P=.999). It was noted that most the adhesive failures in this study were at the adhesive/resin interface Conclusion: Bonding resin composite immediately after enamel bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide reduced the shear bond strength. Both the gel and solution forms of 10% sodium ascorbate can reverse the reduced bond strength after in-office enamel bleaching.

1-5

Authors: Ezgi Atik

A female patient aged 18 years and 4 months referred to dental our clinic with a chief complaint of the unaesthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth and open bite. The maxillary arch was constricted resulting from both the initial cleft and the previous surgical scarring which contributed to bilateral posterior cross bite. The first stage of the orthodontic treatment began with slow maxillary quad-helix expansion appliance. After 4 months of expansion period, asymmetric extractions including upper right and lower left first molar teeth were performed and full fixed 0.022-in Roth prescribed appliances were placed with anchorage appliances to begin aligning and closing the extraction spaces. Active orthodontic treatment was 23 months. At the end of the comprehensive orthodontic treatment of an adult patient with isolated cleft palate, normal function and better esthetics were achieved and the patient was satisfied with the results.

1-2

Authors: Faaiz Alhamdani

Advents in bio-medical technology make us know more about our bodies in health and disease. The more we know the more we ask questions about what we don’t know. To answer these questions we assume (hypothesis). We conduct research to test our hypothesis. Hypothesis testing in experimental setting is the essence of quantitative approach we adopt in bio-medical research. For decades this approach seems to be the only suitable approach to understand facts of our biological system. There are, however, two problems with the quantitative approach in medical research. The first problem is that we deal with the patients on the basis of our assumptions about their health conditions. We seem to ignore the patient’s assumption about their disease within the frame of the life itself. That is why qualitative research is helpful to discover this aspect of patient’s wellbeing. The aim of qualitative research is to develop a concept that helps to understand a social phenomenon in natural setting rather than in an experimental setting [1]. It seeks to explain and understand rather than quantify or predict.

1-3

Authors: Baljinder Singh

Identification of individuals can be difficult in cases like accidents, or in mass disaster conditions. The oral cavity plays a significant role in identification of victims because it comprises of unique anatomy of dentition. However in certain cases, if teeth are lost due reasons like caries, periodontal problems. Human palatal rugae have been suggested as an alternative method for identification of the deceased for such conditions. Palatal rugae have been considered important for human identification due to its stability and accuracy, which is equivalent to that of fingerprint. Thus palatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy is used as evidence in forensic identification

1-2

Authors: Sajani Ramachandran

Failure in fixed partial dentures may occur even when utmost care is taken in the treatment procedure as well as in the fabrication of the prosthesis, the reasons are many and varied. The removal of a failed prosthesis often presents with a very challenging situation to the clinician and any solution which eases the task without causing any undue trauma to the supporting teeth as well as reduce the discomfort to the patient would be desirable. A simple and a traumatic technique to remove a failed prosthesis using a Winters cross bar is described here

1-10

Authors: Varsha Rathod

Objectives: 1. Estimation of SOD levels in saliva and serum of a) Healthy patients b) Patients with chronic periodontitis c) Patients with type-II diabetes mellitus & d) Patients with type-II diabetes mellitus along with chronic periodontitis. 2. To evaluate changes in SOD levels in saliva and serum after SRP in above four mentioned groups. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 subjects selected by random sampling method from the Outpatient Department of Periodontology, B.V.D.U Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. The selected subjects were divided into 4 groups as, Group I: Control group of ten Patients, Group II: Ten Patients with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (type II), Group III: Ten patients with chronic periodontitis and Group IV: Ten Periodontally healthy patients with diabetes mellitus (type II). Periodontal parameters, i.e. plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline. Blood and saliva samples were collected at baseline and on 10th day after SRP. SOD levels were estimated by using ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test. Results: SOD concentration was higher in Group II compared to other groups. After non surgical therapy there was significant decrease in SOD concentration in all groups. (P<0.05) Conclusion: This study shows an additive effect of diabetes and chronic periodontitis on the oxidative stress. It can be concluded that SRP is helpful to decrease the oxidative stress in periodontitis and diabetes.

1-6

Authors: Sumit Bhateja

Oral sub mucous fibrosis is a crippling disease of mouth with high malignant potential that has high prevalence rate in India and South East Asia. The treatment of patients with oral submucous fibrosis depends on the degree of clinical involvement. If the disease is detected at a very early stage, cessation of the habit is sufficient. Medical treatment is symptomatic and predominantly aimed at improving mouth movements. The present article discusses various management modalities available for oral sub mucous fibrosis.

1-4

Authors: A. Hamid Zafarmand

Aim: Managing a child in a dental office requires especial skill and expertism for performing a procedure. This becomes more crucial if “injection” is a part of the procedure. The present study evaluates the success rate of Class I restoration of primary mandibular second molar when with no injection. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical trial study was performed on thirty healthy children with the age range of 3-8 years. The children were selected with Class I carious lesions in both right and left mandibular second primary molars. Restorations were done without injection in one quadrant and with injection in the other side of the mandible, totally 60 restorations. The children were evaluated based upon Frankl Behavioural Rating Scale. Results: No statement of pain, verbal complaint, body and hand, or eye movement was recorded during the treatment procedure in children of either group of study. The success rate of class I restoration in both groups of study was 100% in both treatment modalities. Conclusions: According to the result of this study, restoration of Class I carious lesions of primary teeth can be performed with no injection. This treatment modality would benefit the child for no post-injection complication and the practitioner for less stress, resulting in easier behaviour management.

1-8

Authors: Devinder Preet Singh

Sterilization is defined as process by which an article surface or medium is freed of all micro-organisms including virus, bacteria, spores and fungi both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. A sterile object, in the microbiological sense, is free of living microorganisms. The objective of sterilization is to remove microorganisms or destroy them from materials or from areas since they cause contamination, infection and decay. The methods of sterilization employed depend on the purpose for which it is carried out, the material, which has to be sterilized, and the nature of the microorganisms that are to be removed or destroyed. Various physical and chemical agents are used in sterilization and disinfection of orthodontic materials and instruments such as sunlight, heat, filtration, radiation, ultrasonic vibrations, alcohols, halogens, dyes, aldehydes, gases, phenols etc. Specific issues in orthodontic office that needs to be addressed include increased handwashing, use of barrier techniques, puncture proof containers for disposal of sharps and heat sterilization of handpieces and orthodontic instruments. This is of utmost importance to keep patient to patient and dentist to patient infection transmission at minimum. However, further research is required to investigate occupational injuries and infection control in orthodontic office.

1-9

Authors: Amit Kumar

Although neglect is generally viewed as less „dramatic‟ than other forms of abuse, the effect can be just as severe. Neglect, in general, and dental neglect, in particular, are the least known and detected types of abuse, even though they are the most frequent ones. In addition to poor oral health, dental neglect is associated with increased oral functional limitations and social and physical disabilities. Tools used for the measurement of dental neglect are Dental Neglect Scale and Dental Indifference Scale. The concept of dental neglect may allow a better understanding of the complex relationship between individual behaviour, environmental factors and dental diseases. Collaborative efforts between different dental disciplines can unravel the true dental scenario and help to develop appropriate policies and programmes. Dental neglect should be considered a priority for future research.This review explores the various aspects of dental neglectand provides recommendations.

1-6

Authors: Litty Varghese

The interpretation of an image for the dento-maxillofacial region is complicated due to the complex anatomy and the varying radio density of the tissues. The classic 2 dimensional radiographic technique do provide an excellent representation of the tissues, but are limited in differentiating superimposing structures. This drawback has been be overcome by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). CBCT is a medical imaging technique consisting of X-ray based computed tomography where the X-rays are divergent forming a cone. It has the ability to eliminate superimposition of structures that normally overlap in the commonly used two-dimensional radiography. CBCT produces a high contrast image with good resolution in a short period of time. In endodontics, this particularly relates to early diagnosis of periradicular disease with greater precision of lesion size, extent and nature of position. CBCT also provides a lower dose of radiation and a higher image quality when compared to medical tomography. It can provide clear distinction of the delicate structures such as the dentin, enamel, pulp cavity and the alveolar cortical. CBCT system configurations are also available that provide small field of view images at low dose with sufficient spatial resolution. These characteristics make it highly relevant for applications in endodontic diagnosis, treatment guidance and post treatment evaluation. This article provides a literature overview of CBCT as an imaging adjunct in the field of dental science, more specifically in endodontics.

1-10

Authors: Nezar Watted

The mandibular canine shows an unusual tendency to migrate to the opposite side of the jaw. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain this rare phenomenon and a broad classification has also been proposed. This paper reports a series of 2 cases with mandibular canine transmigration with specialemphasis on etiology and classification of transmigrations

1-4

Authors: Nupur Rishabh Shah

An7-year school going boy came with a chief complaint of an abnormally shaped tooth situated in upper front teeth region. On examination a supernumerary tooth with multiple lobes was present in between to the maxillary permanent central incisor. The morphology of the tooth crown was found to be unusual due to the presence of three lobes in the crown portion. Because of the supernumerary tooth, the permanent right central incisor was displaced distally creating a midline diastema. Radiographic examination showed a completely formed supernumerary tooth with single root. On the basis of clinical and radiographic examination, the supernumerary tooth was diagnosed as multilobed mesiodens. Since patient expressed dissatisfaction with the presence of supernumerary tooth, it was decided to extract this mesiodens followed by orthodontic treatment for midline diastema in maxillary central incisors.

1-16

Authors: Abu - Hussein Muhamad

Congenitally missing teethare frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Dental implants offer a promising treatment option for placement of congenitally missing teeth. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed in these cases. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants

1-8

Authors: Prabhakar Shivajirao Gawand

To study the maternal view regarding pain relief, neonatal outcome, labour outcome under epidural anesthesia and to study the duration of various stages of labour and progress of labourunder epidural anesthesia The present study comprises of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia with Bupivacaine (0.125%) pain relief during labour, carried out at Obstetrics and gynecology Department in collaboration with Anesthesiology Department of a Teaching General Hospital. A total of 100 cases (primigravidas) were studied out of 50 received continuous lumbar epidural analgesia and 50 served as control.There is an association between epidural analgesia and labour outcome, but this is probably not causative. In present study incidence of LSCS is 8%. In present study also there is no significant difference between caesarean delivery rates in group A (epidural group) and group B (control group). In our study there was no statistical difference in the duration of the active-first and the second stages of labor in both groups. In our study, the cesarean delivery as well as vacuum-assisted and instrumental delivery rates was not significantly different between both the groups.Epidural analgesia is highly effective and safe for both mother and foetus during labour..It is proved to be effective in reducing pain, has no significant impact on the risk of cesarean section, maternal satisfaction is high, and does not have effecton the neonate

1-6

Authors: Roopav Nargotra

The present study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of distraction osteogenesis as a treatment modality in case of craniofacial deformity associated with cleft lip and palate patients and to suggest a protocol for distraction osteogenesisfor midface and dentoalveolar segments in cleft lip and palate patients. Seven patients with cleft lip and palate having midfacial deficiency and falling in ASA grade 1 and ASA grade 2 categories were selected and taken up for the necessary treatment withthe use of a Le Fort 1 osteotomy and application of Rigid external distractor (RED). The distraction was carried out over a period of 6-13 days at a rate of 4.0 mm per day for four patients, 1.5 mm per day for one patient (split over twice daily) and 2.0 mm per day for two patients. Advancement of the segment achieved at the end of one month fell in the range of 14 mm –18 mm and 4 mm -16 mm at the end of six months. Distraction osteogenesis proved to be an effective treatment modality in case of craniofacial deformity associated with cleft lip and palate patients. We have also suggested a protocol for distraction osteogenesis for midface and dentoalveolar segments in such patients