Pensamiento Americano

Number VOL. 9, NÚ, 2016

15-26
The forest rehabilitation problem in the legal reserved areas located inside familiar households in face of the Brazilian new forestry code

Authors: Marcos Catalan

Abstract

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Number of views: 507

The legal reserve is an important tool for allocating the density of land ownership, based on its social and environmental function. That’s why this paper focuses on an analysis of Brazil’s new Forestry Code. It is analyzed if owners and holders of small areas of family-based agriculture can enforce this new law without harming their own survival and their families’. This research is guided by the essential features of the post positivist theory of law.

27-44
Leading the war, leading to peace. Leadership styles in Colombia (1982-2014)

Authors: José Manuel Rivas Otero

Abstract

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Number of views: 691

This paper focuses on assessment of leadership style of political decision-makers between 1982 and 2014 who have played a central role in the development of public policies against the war and in favor of peace over more than fifty years of internal armed conflict. To do this, first, a theoretical framework is built. Secondly, a historical review is made. Third, the methodology of content analysis of interviews to assess leadership styles is set out. Fourth, results are analyzed. Finally, conclusions and future prospects are presented.

45-57
M. Eliade’s religious project on ontology and the problem of the synthesis of the paradigms

Authors: M. Eliade’s religious project on ontology and the problem of the synthesis of the paradigms

Abstract

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Number of views: 625

This article aims to analyze a religious studies project by M. Eliade as a new paradigm in the study of the essence of religion in the context of phenomenology and ontology. The Cultural-existential dimension of M. Eliade’s religious ontology is explicated. The article offers the inter-disciplinary synthesis of ideas by M. Eliade, C.G. Jung & S. Grof, which helps to synthesize the achievements of transpersonal, mythological and analytical-psychological approaches. This expands the problem field of philosophy of religion and the theory of myth and reveals its transpersonal base. M. Eliade’s approach can be viewed as a methodology of religious studies knowledge, which can be used as a new conceptual model of mythological-religious experience: meta-level – the conceptual base of a theory, the level of conceptual generalizations; the sublevels – the epistemology, the ontology and the phenomenology of the mythological and religious experience. The comparative, cross-cultural and other types of methodology were used in the work.

58-77
The emotional and psychological adjustment of pubertal children who live in social conflict situation, an approach on personal confrontation styles. The Navarra’s case

Authors: Miguel Ángel Gurbindo Marin

Abstract

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Number of views: 460

This paper focuses on analysis of children and adolescents who live in social conflict. Their identity has been formed in a severe and prolonged context of appalling neglect which does not cover their physical-biological, emotional and social needs. Therefore those human beings do not develop their skills to interact with their relatives and ensure the stability of the family unit. The extent of this phenomenon, as one of the many faces of social exclusion, is not so big in Navarra; however it must be taken into account that lack of protection, psychosocial impairment and permanent social conflict increases the risk that pubertal children suffer mental health problems.

78-109
This paper focuses on analysis of children and adolescents who live in social conflict. Their identity has been formed in a severe and prolonged context of appalling neglect which does not cover their physical-biological, emotional and social needs. Therefore those human beings do not develop their skills to interact with their relatives and ensure the stability of the family unit. The extent of this phenomenon, as one of the many faces of social exclusion, is not so big in Navarra; however it must be taken into account that lack of protection, psychosocial impairment and permanent social conflict increases the risk that pubertal children suffer mental health problems.

Authors: Eloísa Ramírez Cárdenas Gerardo Tunal Santiago

Abstract

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Number of views: 731

This paper focuses on analysis of the decisions made by peddlers to continue working on the streets, specifically selling apocryphal items. Those decisions are based on the working conditions in the informal sector. To collect data, the participant observation was used, as buyers; 8 interviews with vendors, aged over 25, were conducted. These sellers are engaged in the sale of pirate compact discs (CDs) inside the wagons of the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC) Metro Line 8 in Mexico City. The results show that economic income, financial compensation, the working day and the satisfaction of working in the informal sector makes those people keep on working within the framework of informality

110-120
The femicide in Colombia: the recognition of a social phenomenon into a crime

Authors: Omar Huertas Díaz Nayibe Paola Jiménez Rodríguez

Abstract

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Number of views: 860

This article aims to show the development of the notion of femicide in Colombia. This document outlines its historical background by analyzing how the empowerment feminist movements have made the society aware of this phenomenon. It was the Supreme Court, the highest judicial body that used this notion to give a decision on an appeal. Finally the description of femicide as a separate offense was enacted as law in July, 2015, in Colombia.

121-142
The thoughts’ evolution on woman in Spain since the late Nineteenth Century to the Twenty-First Century: Romanticism, labour market, violence and equality

Authors: Francisco Pérez Fernández

Abstract

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Number of views: 442

This paper focuses on a critical analysis of the role of women over the course of Spanish history. The importance of women’s work in Spanish context is unquestionable; it is one of the pillars which form the basis to build historical processes aimed at achieving gender equity. Throughout its history, Spanish’s concept of women has evolved, because of its social and cultural changes. A core aspect to promote gender equality was female participation into the labour market. However, an authentic reflection on the fact of “being a woman”, as well as the ensuing debate, was greatly retarded by Spanish people due to their sociopolitical crisis that was out of the ordinary in an internationally comparable context. In fact, the demands of Spanish fe- minism were postponed until the end of the twentieth century, when they finally achieved the recognition of gender equality. Only in this way women can make gender violence visible to the whole society.

143-155
The debates within the Constituent Assembly of Cadiz in 1812: the colonial subject – matter for Cuba

Authors: René Reinier Hidalgo Ramírez

Abstract

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Number of views: 496

This paper is focuses on an analysis of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, especially the debates that occurred in the Constituent Assembly regarding the colonial problem. First, Cuban society status is characterized from a political, economic and cultural point of view. Second, significance of the Constitution in Cuba is assessed, taking into account some of the proposals made by representatives that are reflected in the articles of the Constitution. That’s why it is important to consider its first period of implementation and highlight the issue of slavery and its implications in order to identify possible changes related to colonial administration; however it is emphasized that there was no significant change in those aspects, although it produced a critical impact in the political and ideological aspects.

156-170
The workers’ health in the border region of Rio Grande do Sul: the experience of the situational diagnosis

Authors: Jussara Maria Rosa Mendes , Dolores Sanches Wünsch Fabiane K. S. Machado , Carmem Giongo Juliana Martins

Abstract

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Number of views: 468

This article presents the results of the partnership between NEST and the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in the COLSAT project, in the MERCOSUL context. The study aimed to conduct a situational diagnosis of surveillance systems in workers’ health on the border areas of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, it maps 05 reference centers and the workers’ health network care, reaching 27 border municipalities. The conducted diagnosis has evidenced that health surveillance practices have not added much to the workers’ health demand. Thus, the predominance of action focus is health and epidemiological surveillance, and the result of some binational protocols, mostly informal, without a direction facing the impact and work injuries in the health of workers. It is expected that data may contribute to the development of strategies and surveillance activities in workers’ health that address regional characteristics; in this case, the peculiarities of the border region.

171-188
Another pedagogical and didactic discourse on teaching geography in everyday school work

Authors: José Armando Santiago Rivera

Abstract

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Number of views: 499

This paper focuses on an explanation of a different pedagogical discourse on the teaching of geography in everyday school context. It is important for people to have knowledge about this field of science because they need to know about the complex issues related to environmental, geographical and social situation in today’s world. Training processes reveal an emphasis on the traditional foundations of descriptive geography that allow teachers to ensure the transmission of the educational program content. To do this research, an exhaustive literature review was conducted; the problem was clarified and determined in order to analyze the events related to this educational work, such as its impact in explaining the geographical reality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to show a pedagogical renewal in accordance with the realities of the globalized era. That is why a set of pedagogical guidelines are presented in order to encourage changes in the way geography is being taught so as to generate the transformation of educational approaches in school.