Pensamiento Americano

27-44

Authors: José Manuel Rivas Otero

This paper focuses on assessment of leadership style of political decision-makers between 1982 and 2014 who have played a central role in the development of public policies against the war and in favor of peace over more than fifty years of internal armed conflict. To do this, first, a theoretical framework is built. Secondly, a historical review is made. Third, the methodology of content analysis of interviews to assess leadership styles is set out. Fourth, results are analyzed. Finally, conclusions and future prospects are presented.

58-77

Authors: Miguel Ángel Gurbindo Marin

This paper focuses on analysis of children and adolescents who live in social conflict. Their identity has been formed in a severe and prolonged context of appalling neglect which does not cover their physical-biological, emotional and social needs. Therefore those human beings do not develop their skills to interact with their relatives and ensure the stability of the family unit. The extent of this phenomenon, as one of the many faces of social exclusion, is not so big in Navarra; however it must be taken into account that lack of protection, psychosocial impairment and permanent social conflict increases the risk that pubertal children suffer mental health problems.

110-120

Authors: Omar Huertas Díaz Nayibe Paola Jiménez Rodríguez

This article aims to show the development of the notion of femicide in Colombia. This document outlines its historical background by analyzing how the empowerment feminist movements have made the society aware of this phenomenon. It was the Supreme Court, the highest judicial body that used this notion to give a decision on an appeal. Finally the description of femicide as a separate offense was enacted as law in July, 2015, in Colombia.

143-155

Authors: René Reinier Hidalgo Ramírez

This paper is focuses on an analysis of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, especially the debates that occurred in the Constituent Assembly regarding the colonial problem. First, Cuban society status is characterized from a political, economic and cultural point of view. Second, significance of the Constitution in Cuba is assessed, taking into account some of the proposals made by representatives that are reflected in the articles of the Constitution. That’s why it is important to consider its first period of implementation and highlight the issue of slavery and its implications in order to identify possible changes related to colonial administration; however it is emphasized that there was no significant change in those aspects, although it produced a critical impact in the political and ideological aspects.

171-188

Authors: José Armando Santiago Rivera

This paper focuses on an explanation of a different pedagogical discourse on the teaching of geography in everyday school context. It is important for people to have knowledge about this field of science because they need to know about the complex issues related to environmental, geographical and social situation in today’s world. Training processes reveal an emphasis on the traditional foundations of descriptive geography that allow teachers to ensure the transmission of the educational program content. To do this research, an exhaustive literature review was conducted; the problem was clarified and determined in order to analyze the events related to this educational work, such as its impact in explaining the geographical reality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to show a pedagogical renewal in accordance with the realities of the globalized era. That is why a set of pedagogical guidelines are presented in order to encourage changes in the way geography is being taught so as to generate the transformation of educational approaches in school.

32-53

Authors: M.D.I. Miryam Georgina Alcalá Casillas

Freedom of information is essential to guarantee the right of people to be informed and to have equal access to various sources of information. Such freedom enables the citizen to have raw materials at hand to create his own opinions and start the debate process. From this freedom emanates the right and duty to inform both of the professionals of information and of the media; which, in a democratic state, should be available and accessible, since they are crucial to the process of formation of public opinion, to have the possibility to enhance, inhibit, create, and dissolve social demands, and to foster or afect democracy.

67-85

Authors: Alfonso Córdoba Baviera

Te concrete, ultimate aim of this paper is to make an expository and analytical clear-out to open the concept of marriage to meanings or realities never considered until the early twenty-frst century. Tat is, to create an access road to the institution of marriage to unions between people of the same sex. In the case of Spain, the subject of this study, such road has been created thanks to the application of judicial ethics by judges of the Constitutional Court. On the occasion of the constitutional change carried out by the ordinary legislator, they felt the obligation to provide a jurisprudential turn in response to the demands of a society whose reality is dynamic and changing. Te Constitutional Court no longer holds the title of negative legislator but rather, with a much deeper social function, it is in charge of conferring validity and legitimacy to the Constitution.

117-132

Authors: Anna María Fernández Poncela

Tis text presents a general refection on today’s education. It examines some contemporary educational trends. From the perspective of emotional intelligence, it analyzes some statements from students through qualitative exercises. Finally, youth does not seem as tamed as one may think. Nonetheless, education still needs to expand its perspectives, complementing reason and emotion, and focusing on a global balance.

151-176

Authors: João Areosa

Social and technological risks can be understood as a kind of antechamber to the occurrence of accidents or other unwanted events. Te debate about the multiple forms and treatments of risk seems to have become crucial nowadays, although the risk has always been present throughout the history of Mankind. We do not know, however, if the world is now more risky than in the past, but we know, for example, that Western citizens have increased their average life expectancy, infant mortality has dropped dramatically and we are now healthier than in the past, due for instance to technological development. Despite all the benefts it provides, technology also simultaneously generates new serious and terrifying risks. For example, our ancestors did not have to live with nuclear power plants, air transport (aviation), oil platforms, genetic engineering, and so on. Tis paper discusses the ambivalence of technology from the notion of risk, including its positive and negative aspects