INTROPICA

20-27

Authors: Silvia Carrera, Rubén Darío Valbuena-Villareal

The capaz is a representative of the family Pimelodidae fish, whose production comes from fishing in Magdalena River and the Embalse de Betania. Although a species of commercial interest, studies on its cultivation are scarce. In order to evaluate productive performance of capaz under different densities and different levels of protein in the diet, were used 450 fingerlings with an average weight of 37.6 ± 2.4 g and an initial size of 17.5 ± 1.7 cm preconditioned for consumption of commercial concentrate and during a productive period of six months in floating cages. The animals were divided into 2 densities (25 and 50 fish / m3) and fed 2 different protein levels Gross (PB) in the diet (25 and 32 %). Best results were obtained for planting density of 25 fish / m3 and concentrate fed 25 % protein, with the highest values in terms of weight gain (150 ± 4 g), specific growth rate (0.8 ± 0.002) and relative growth factor (7.39 ± 0.06). According to the results obtained it can be concluded that the density of 25 fish / m3 and food with a content of 25 % protein present the best conditions for the commercial cultivation of Pimelodus grosskopfii in floating cages.

37-51

Authors: Maria Rujano, Luzmary Oraá, Yorfer Rondón, Mireya Sánchez, Maritza Rondón, Yetsenia Sánchez, Masyelly Rojas, Nestor González, Dalmiro Cazorla, Elsa Nieves

Spatial analyzes have prompted the development of models to predict the spatial distribution of species. These techniques estimate the potential geographical distribution areas by representing the occurrence of the species from the association between the presence records and environmental variables of the site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two models, MaxEnt and GARP, to predict the potential distribution of the main species of Lutzomyia in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in Venezuela. We use 190 georeferenced points of sandflies captured in the state of Merida, discriminated in 67 points for Lutzomyia youngi, 51 for Lutzomyia gomezi, 40 for Lutzomyia ovallesi and 32 for Lutzomyia walkeri. We take the climatic variables from the database Worldclim for area 23. The results show that both models had a good performance and their distribution ranges are consistent between themselves. Although GARP predicts a greater potential distribution for Lutzomyia youngi and Lutzomyia gomezi, MaxEnt generates more accurate predictions of probabilities of occurrence, determined by the bioclimatic variables that characterize the potential distribution of each species. It is considered better use MaxEnt because it presents a projection of the distribution according to contribution of bioclimatic variables as it provides important information for understanding the dynamics of distribution of Lutzomyia species and the risk of transmission of leishmaniasis in the state Merida–Venezuela, information relevant to the control entities.

60-73

Authors: Elsa Nieves, Maria Rujano, Héctor Ospino, Luzmary Oraá, Yorfer Rondón, Mireya Sánchez, Maritza Rondón, Yetsenia Sánchez, Masyelly Rojas, Nestor González, Dalmiro Cazorla

Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in different parts of the world. It is known that the effects of climate change has been increasing in recent years by habitat changing of sandflies the short and long term what can impact the transmission of leishmaniasis. In the current work evaluates the effect of climate change on the geographical distribution of sandflies transmitters of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Merida Venezuela. The analysis includes 4 species, Lutzomyia youngi, L. gomezi, L. ovallesi and L. walkeri using an atmosphere-ocean model HadCM3 under the premise of climate change in a pessimistic scenario A2 with projections for 2020, 2050 and 2080. Results predicted an increased in distribution of L. youngi, while for L. gomezi changes in its future potential distribution. L. ovallesi was the species most affected presented changes at future distribution and distribution of L. walkeri not affected by climate change. In addition, the model in a climate change scenario predicts an overlap of the main transmitter species in the municipalities of greater population density, suggesting an increased risk of transmission of leishmaniasis in Merida state in the coming years, the maps generated provide information relevant to understanding of the transmission of leishmaniasis and to authorities in control and prevention.

84-92

Authors: Cristhian Marrugo, Jairo Altamar, Luis Orlando Duarte

Elasmobranchs associated to artisanal fisheries in the Gulf of Salamanca has been studied poorly. In particular, the absence of assessments of the impact that fisheries activity occurs on the abundances of these resources, which is necessary to determine both the composition of the catches of fishing gear that catch elasmobranches as constructive and operational characteristics of these gears. By analyzing information from fishing landings and traditional knowledge, the present study evaluated artisanal gillnet fishery operating in the Gulf of Salamanca. The analysis showed an increase in fishing power, highlighting the recent addition of hooks to gillnets, whose practice began 20 years ago but massified since 2010, increasing efficiency of elasmobranchs catches. A historical decrease in mesh size (from 127.0 to 88.9 mm) was documented, which however did not produced changes in the trend of catch per unit of effort, but it was accompanied by a progressive expansion of the spatial distribution of fishing area. As perceived by the fishermen, incorporating hooks makes gillnets have a greater impact on shark catches. The results contribute to the identification of management measures aimed at conservation of elasmobranchs.

100-102

Authors: Luis Alfonso Vidal, Sigmer Quiroga, Rocío García-Urueña

From the observation of micropreparations of diatoms of epiphytic habits, deposited as reference material in the collection of macroalgae Germán Bula-Meyer, from the Centro de Colecciones Biológicas de Universidad del Magdalena, we obtained the first record of the benthic diatom Chrisanthemodiscus floriatus Mann 1925(Chrysanthemodiscaceae), to the Colombian Caribbean, in the Bay of Cinto in the Tayrona National Park , Magdalena-Colombia; its distribution known so far was in the northern hemisphere between 5 and 30°