Duazary

4

Authors: Antonio Díaz Caballero, Alejandra Herrera Herrera, Farith Gonzalez Martinez

Aesthetic dentistry is a multidisciplinary component of total facial aesthetics and create an optimal smile requires the integration of all disciplines in dentistry. In any restorative treatment plan should be considered periodontal health and appearance. That is, they must assess the demands of the periodontal tissues in order to achieve lasting results. For the dentist, periodontal health and periodontal aesthetic criteria of fundamental importance to dentistry. Most dental procedures performed, have a direct or indirect effect on increasing the aesthetic dentofacial the smile of gingiva, marginal rim discrepancy and lack of taste, are some ugly situations periodontal that people typically want to improve and cosmetic gingival contouring may be the procedure to provide harmony to the smile. In some of these situations, the altered position of the teeth, it is preferable to correct the cosmetic problem, but in other patients these alterations must be made with gum surgery and optimal treatment plan to further improve the aesthetic appearance of tooth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the surgical correction of gingival margins as a cosmetic treatment that has provided periodontal changes to treatment plans and sequencing and integration of procedures within the overall therapy. Keywords: gingival surgery, smile design, dental esthetics, gingival hyperplasia, gingivectomy.

5

Authors: Dailys Suárez Iglesias

In the present article we analyse and expose some characteristics of temperament and its role in the regulation of the personality. To go deeper in the understanding of this aspect we most take into account some important research of investigators on this topic. In this way we have found a difficult panorama that tells us about a proper business of Psychological Sciences, that is why different schools, tendencies and paradigms have appear. This panorama carries out ontological, epistemological and methodological implications about the inflation that the term ¨temperament¨ has suffered. Although we can find some pioneer studies regarding temperament, we can not find any concluding aspect, however the fast development of genetic and neurophysiologic sciences shows important advances in the study of temperament. It is also important to study the temperament together with the personality as a higher step of structure and regulation of psiquis from a biopsycosocial focus. Keywords: Temperament, biopsycosocial determinants of development, personality.

6

Authors: Adalberto Campo-Arias, Dorian Astrid Jaimes, Luis Alfonso Díaz-Martínez

In Colombia, the cigarette smoking varies according to the region. However, variables associated with daily cigarette smoking are unknown almost all of these cities. The objective of this research was to establish the prevalence and factors associated with the daily cigarette smoking at the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A multistage and representative sample from the general population was surveyed. Smoker denomination was given to persons who smoke everyday during last-month. The General Health Questionnaire was used in order to identify anxiety and depressive symptoms. A total of 2,496 adults participated in this research, with aged between 18 and 65 years-old (mean 34.5, SD = 12.5), 69.7 % were females, average scholarship was 9,2 years (SD = 4.1), 49.1 % had an employ, 58.1 % were married, and 67.8 % was dwelling in medium socioeconomic status. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking weighted by gender was 12.5 % (95 % CI 11.2-13.8). The daily cigarette smoking was associated with being a male (OR = 3.2; 95 % CI 2.3-4.4), alcohol abusive consumption (OR = 3.2; 95 % CI 1.9-5.5), daily caffeine drinking (OR = 2.7; 95 % CI 2.0-3.6), meaningful clinically anxiety and depressise symptoms (OR = 2.6; 95 % CI 1.8-3.7), less education (0-5 years compared with 6-11 years, OR = 0.84; 95 % CI 0.61-1.2; and 12 o more OR = 0.52; 95%CI 0.33-0.81), and being a single person (OR = 1.6; 95 % CI 1.2-2.2). As conclusion, almost 12.5 percent of urban adults of Bucaramanga, Colombia, are daily cigarette smokers. It is very important to promote smoking cessation in this population. Keywords: Smoking, epidemiology, prevalence, general population, adults, cross-sectional study

8

Authors: Yelissa Rodríguez Rincones, Evelyn Domínguez Pérez, María Angelica Mejía Ortega

The present article had as main objective to Describe the Social Representations of the Environmental Education, from the categories “knowledge, attitude and perception”, a focus of descriptive investigation, developed through the specific methodology that he/she offers the Theory of Facets for the construction of an agile instrument for the mensuration of the outlined objectives. The study was developed with 120 fellows, all students of the University of the Magdalena of recruit’s semesters at tenth. The conceptual boarding of the social representations that offers Jodelet and Moscovici, allowed to understand it in its classification of: knowledge, attitude and perception, and the results throw that as for the knowledge they are in the inferior limit, while as for attitude and perception of the Environmental Education, they are in the superior limit. Keywords: Social Representation, Environment, Environmental Education.

11

Authors: Tania Maité Ponce Laguardia, Yamila Ramos Rangel, Dailys Suárez Iglesias, Rocío Rodríguez Gutiérrez

Facing the present day situation in regard to persons getting old, the present investigation intended to design a proposal of a an educative program for the preparation of retirement directed to old person who want to retire in Santa Isabel de Las Lajas town, Cienfuegos, Cuba. The investigation had two phases. One devoted to make a diagnostic (January 2007 –June 2008) and the other devoted to design the educative program (June 2008—January 2008). The diagnostic, applied in San Isabel de Las Lajas, Cienfuegos, Cuba, consisted in identifying the factors which influence on the process of adaptation of the already 164 retired subjects and three teams that formed part of the sample encharged of facilitating information. To accomplish the investigation different methods and techniques were carried out such as questionnaires, interviews, surveys, the Ishikawa diagram, Method of Ranking, and the DAFO matrix in order to know the causes that originated the phenomenon. Afterwards, time was devoted to design the educative program which took into account the methodology and its validation for the corresponding specialists. This analytical process helped to identify the sociocultural, familiar and individual factors and its psychological repercussion. At the same time, it was known that there is not a specific program to prepare persons in retirement age. Keywords:Retirement; educative program; sociocultural, familiar and individuals factors; psychological repercussion; adaptation to retirement.

11

Authors: Petty Bonivento, Olga Teresa Blanco Fernández, Ana Milena Cantillo García

Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium Leprae, an acid-fast bacillus forced to live in the intracellular space mainly in Schwann cells and macrophages, which affects the skin, nerves and eyes. The existence of the disease knows since antiquity, but still remains a serious public health problem worldwide especially in endemic areas. Its clinical spectrum is given by the response generated for the immune system against the bacillus. Today we know different forms of disease presentation, including the determined poles as the tuberculoid and lepromatous, the indeterminate and borderline leprosy. Early diagnosis is the main tool to achieve appropriate treatment, prevent disabilities and rehabilitate the sick patient. The treatment set by the WHO since 1984 consists in a multidrug therapy based on the classification paucibacillary or multibacillary, according to the number of skin lesions and the number of bacilli presents in biopsy. We report the case of a female patient, 51 years old, diagnosed with Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy, who presented a leprosy reaction, type I and drug allergy. We discuss the diagnostic and the treatment employed. Keywords: Leprosy, borderline lepromatous leprosy, leprosy reaction, drug allergy, treatment.

12

Authors: Robert Ferrel, Edelcy Sierra, Magdoly Rodríguez

Various studies have indicated a close relationship between the syndrome of burnout or burnout (burnout) and health problems, relating to the syndrome as a cause of deteriorating working conditions and the source of accidents and absenteeism workforce, especially in healthcare and education. This study aimed to establish and describe the existence of burnout in medical specialists working in a tertiary University Hospital of the City of Santa Marta, Colombia. The population consisted of 56 medical specialists associated with that institution, to which we applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), taking into account age, expertise and bonding time. The data were processed by SPSS software, 15.0V, using descriptive statistics to establish the level of burnout in this population. We found high levels of emotional exhaustion (94.6%) compared with the other two variables, while depersonalization (53.6%) and lack of personal accomplishment (53.6) at an average level, establishing the presence burnout syndrome in a mid-level medical specialists at University Hospital. These results are consistent with other similar studies. The authors recommend continuing with other studies including new variables and organizational and personal actions to prevent burnout source of job stress and improve the quality of health services in the District of Santa Marta. Keywords: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, lack of personal accomplishment, burnout, Burnout.

22

Authors: Víctor Enrique Macías Villamizar

The family Lauraceae is composed of 52 genera and over 3000 species are trees or shrubs with some morphological characteristics such as: having leaves alternate, cimosas inflorescence, free stamens, and berry or drupe fruit type. The use of the Lauraceae in folk medicine refers, among others, carminative, emanogogo and treating arthritis. Within its biological activity and / or pharmacological include cytotoxic activity, activity against breast cancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antinociceptive and antitumoral. The references show the importance of the family Lauraceae in the health field for many applications not only in the context of ethnomedicine, but also supported the drug in different bioassays, that is an alternative scientific support for the development of new pharmaceutical products. Keywords: Lauraceae, Phytochemistry, biological activity and / or pharmacology, ethnomedicine.