Voennyi Sbornik

70-75

Authors: Kent R. Crawford

In previous works, we developed a mathematical model of the internal ballistics of a muzzle-loading smooth-bore gun and made its software implementation. Model testing has shown that our understanding of the intra-ballistic processes of this type of weapon requires serious correction. One of the defining parameters is the geometry of the powder grain. This paper reviews the information available in the literature on this issue. It is concluded that in most works on the geometry of the grain is not reported, due to the fact that the grains had some kind of intuitively justified form. Based on the analysis of the technology for producing grain gunpowder in the first half of the 19th century, it was concluded that this shape is similar to the shape of pebbles on the beach.

100-104

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov

Sarapul timber industry enterprise – one of the oldest and largest forest enterprises in Udmurtia in its history has been reorganized more than once. In the period from 1938 to 1949 it was divided into several smaller farms, of which the fleet had only the Dulesovo mechanized forestry station. The source base on the work of this fleet during the war years is extremely limited. In the article, the reconstruction of the work of the fleet is carried out on the basis of orders for the personnel of the economy. The source falls under the law on the protection of personal data, which establishes 75 years, only after which, in 2020, the documentation became publicly available. At the beginning and end of the war, the fleet of the Dulesovo mechanized forestry station included a boat № 35 (30 hp) and one shitik (orlyana). An analysis of orders for wartime personnel showed extremely limited use of the existing fleet in the economy. Apparently, it was only by spring water that the ships were temporarily transferred to the Sarapul timber base for rafting, the rest of the time they were used for service and traveling purposes.

121-134

Authors: Irek A. Solovatov

At the moment, unmanned aerial vehicles are an actively developing system of weapons, possibly forming into a new branch of the military in the near future. The absence of a pilot allows not only to reduce the weight and dimensions of the apparatus, but also to reduce its cost. And the operator on the ground gets the opportunity to perform much more daring dangerous actions than manned vehicles. The paper provides an overview of the features and results of the combat use of unmanned aerial vehicles in recent armed conflicts. The description of the Turkish UAV “Bayraktar” and the ammunition carried by it is given. The results of its application in the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, the operation “Spring Shield” and the civil war in Libya are presented in a concise form. A description of the “Tomahawk” cruise missile and the results of its use in Syria are given. The work was written on the basis of publicly available electronic media.

4-14

Authors: Oleg V. Tikhanychev

At present, the intensity of discussion of new methods of military and non-military inter-state confrontation has intensified. One of the new concepts is the so-called "hybrid war". Many Western theorists attribute to our country authorship and active use of this approach in modern conditions. The article analyzes the main components of "hybrid" actions and, based on the analysis of historical experience, concluded that these approaches have deep historical roots. This is not about classic mercenaries, namely, "hybrid" actions, when the customer is hiding and the purpose of attracting hired formations, and military actions are accompanied by massive information attacks. Examples of such actions, as shown by historical analysis, can be found already in wars of the XV−XVII centuries. And the leader in their organization was not our country, but the states of the Anglo-Saxon bloc. Based on the analysis of the experience of wars and armed conflicts, the conclusion is drawn that the threat of "hybrid" action is extremely urgent now and in the foreseeable future. Moreover, in the long term, other approaches to the organization of interstate confrontation, encountered earlier in history, but taking into account the new conditions for the development of civilization, may be used. A conclusion is drawn on the need to ensure Russia's readiness for such threats.

21-26

Authors: Andrey V. Rozhkov

Using the analysis of the weight load of ships allows us to obtain new facts about the history of the creation of British cruisers in the first half of the twentieth century. The work proves that at the Washington Conference the British did not offer to build cruisers, the parameters of which were taken as a basis from the "Hawkins"-class cruisers. The weak armor of the "Kent"-class cruisers is explained by the heavy weight of the 203 mm cannon turrets and the hull. The speed of the order of 32 knots of the "Kent"-class cruisers was obtained due to the increase in the specific power of the power plant in comparison with the power plant of the "Hawkins"-class cruisers. Enhanced armor on cruisers built after the "Kent"-class cruisers was obtained by reducing the weight of the weapons, power plant and hull. Reducing the displacement of cruisers of the "Fiji" type was obtained not only due to a denser layout, but also due to a decrease in the weight of the hull and armor.

32-50

Authors: Anvar M. Mamadaliev, Konstantin V. Taran

This article examines the activities of the Sochi Defense Committee, which was aimed at assisting the active units of the Red Army in organizing and strengthening defense on the Black sea coast, in the northern spurs and passes of the main Caucasian ridge. The powers of the Defense Committee extended on the territory of Sochi, Shapsug and Adler districts. Its activities were aimed at organizing, coordinating and controlling works of a defensive nature – the construction of strategic objects: roads along which the Red Army units were supplied with ammunition and food, as well as defensive lines and airfields. Besides this, the activities of the Defense Committee contributed to the organization and combat readiness of fighter battalions, partisan detachments, and units of the local air defense. During the period when the leadership of the Krasnodar Krai and regional institutions were located on the Black Sea coast (august 1942 – february 1943), Sochi was the administrative center of the Krasnodar Krai. There were used as sources the materials and documents of the Central archive of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation, the Center for documentation of the Modern History of the Krasnodar Krai and the municipal government agency “Archive of Sochi”. Additionally, the memoirs of soviet military leaders, foreign authors, collections of archival documents, monographs, articles and publications of soviet and russian researchers were involved. The author comes to the conclusion that the activities of the Defense Committee corresponded to the goals and objectives of its creation, i.e. to assist the active units of the Red Army in organizing and strengthening defense on the Black Sea coast, in the northern spurs and on the passes of the main Caucasian ridge.