Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

276-290

Authors: Zheng Liu, Haiyun Chen, Fangcheng Luo, Baojian Guo, Xiaoyong Jing, Zaijun Zhang, Yewei Sun

Alzheimer’ disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease commonly occurring in older people. Two types of drugs, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and the Nmethyl- D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, were approved to treat AD by FDA. Of them, memantine was the only one of NMDAR antagonist. Previous studies had revealed that the carbamate grouphad a better AChE inhibitor activity. Herein, a series of new memantine derivatives with a carbamate group were designed and synthesized. They were expected to haveboth NMDAR antagonism and AChE inhibition. However, the neuroprotective effect of these new compounds against the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity was not as effective as memantine. The AChE inhibition of them wasalso lower than tacrine. The combine of memantine moiety and carbamate group attenuated the activities of the two functional groups. It may be caused by the changes of the spatial structures after combination. The introduction of large spatial structures makes the functional groups difficult to orientate to the active site.

296-299

Authors: Nirmalya Nirbisank*, Ranjit Kumar Mishra

Post operative pancreatitis is a well known complication of biliary tract operations,particularly following supraduodenal exploration of the common bile duct and transduodenal sphincterotomy.Although this event occurs in a relatively small number of patients following these procedures,it is an event that should be avoided whenever possible.It is found that the diagnostic value of amylase measurements may be enhanced if amylase excretion is related to creatinine excretion. Material and Methods: It is a study conducted on the amylase creatinine clearance ratio in post operative patients for evaluation of pancreatitis..The data collected for our study included patients from Hitech medical college and hospitals, Bhubaneswar,Odisha, India during the period from August 2012 to November 2014. Results: The study was conducted on sixty cases who were posted for surgery for at Hitech medical college and hospital Bhubaneshwar,Odisha,India. They were divided in to two groups of thirty cases each depending on the surgeries involved. Conclusion: In this present study we assess the changes in the level of amylase creatinine clearance ratio in the post operative period and its value in the diagnosis of post-operative pancreatitis.

308-311

Authors: Deepti Sureka Mummidi*,Dharmendra Dugar, Ranjit K Mishra, Jatasankar Mohapatra, Tim Houghton T

Diabetes is a lifelong problem, and the incidence of diabetic foot complications increases with age and duration of the disease. Ulceration, infection, gangrene, and amputation are significant complications of the disease. Diabetic foot infections are frequently polymicrobial in nature. Hyperglycemia, impaired immunologic responses, neuropathy, and peripheral arterial disease are the major predisposing factors leading to limb-threatening diabetic foot infections. Objectives of the study: To understand the pathology of diabetic foot and relative distribution of this condition according to age, sex, among diabetic patients. To study the benefit and outcome of the different treatment modalities for diabetic foot Methods: This study was conducted comprising of 100 patients of diabetic foot in the department of general surgery at Hitech medical college and hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, during the period of Jan 2013 to Jun 2014. Results: Commonest presenting lesion was ulcers (44%), followed by gangrene (24%) and cellulitis (20%). Commonest site of the lesion was dorsum of the foot (32%), followed by fore foot (28%), and toes (22%). Trivial trauma is the initiating factor in more than half of the cases. More than half of the patients 82% had infection. Most common microorganism grown from culture was staphylococcus aureus (30%), 28(28%) patients were treated with wound debridement, 18(18%) patients underwent major amputation. Prognosis was good in 72(72%) patients. 2(2%) patient died due to septicemia. Conclusion: Diabetic patients at risk for foot lesions must be educated about risk factors. The multidisciplinary team approach to diabetic foot disorders has been demonstrated as the optimal method to achieve favorable rates of limb salvage in the high-risk diabetic patient. Infection in a diabetic foot is potentially limb-threatening and always requires urgent diagnostic and therapeutic attentions.

317-327

Authors: Yanka Karamalakova*, Krishna Chuttani, Rakesh K. Sharma, Veselina Gadjeva, Antoaneta Zheleva and Anil K. Mishra

Recently, a new class of in vitro and ex vivo radiotracers/radioprotectors, the nitroxyl–labeled agent N-[N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N’-nitrosocarbamoyl-glycine amide of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine-1-oxyl (SLCNUgly), has been discovered. Our previous investigations demonstrated that SLCNUgly is a low-molecular-weight stable free radical which is freely membrane permeable, easily crosses the blood brain barrier and exhibited in/ex vivo the lowest general toxicity and higher anticancer activity against some experimental tumor models. Further investigation was aimed to develop a 99mTc-labeled SLCNUgly (96.5%) as a chelator and evaluate its labeling efficiency and potential use as a tumor seeking agent and for early diagnosis. Tissue biodistribution of 99mTc- SLCNUgly was determined in normal mice at 1, 2, and 24 h (n=4/ time interval, route of administration i.v.). The distribution data was compared to that using male albino non-inbred mice and EPR investigation. The imaging characteristics of 99mTc– SLCNUgly conjugate examined in Balb/c mice grafted with Ehrlich Ascitis tumor in the thigh of hind leg demonstrated major accumulation of the radiotracer in organs and tumor. Planar images and auto-radiograms confirmed that the tumors could be visualized clearly with 99mTc- SLCNUgly. Blood kinetic study of radio-conjugate showed a biexponential pattern, as well as quick reduced duration from the blood circulation. This study establishes Glycine Containing nitroxyl (SLCNUgly) as a new spin-labeled diagnostic marker which reduce the negative lateral effects of radiotherapy and for tumor- localization.

332-337

Authors: Ser Yee Goh*, Tan Bee Siew, Thomas Mathew

To evaluate self-perception of pain for elastomeric separators at various time intervals. Ten patients who required fixed orthodontic treatment participated the study with Duraseps™ and Ring separators inserted for two days on the inter-proximal surfaces of upper first permanent molar on both sides. Questionnaire was used before, upon insertion and upon removal of the separator to register the pain perceptions at chewing and rest using a ten point scale and questions about impact of pain on daily routines. The mean scores revealed no significant differences between both separators at chewing or rest during baseline, upon insertion and during removal (p>0.05). The mean pain scores on the second day were higher in chewing than resting for both Duraseps™ (p=0.012) and Ring (p=0.026). ( Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ). Among daily routines, none of the respondents was affected of leisure activities and work. One respondent was affected in sleep and one had taken analgesic to relieve pain. Four respondents had changed their diet to soft food. Both separators cause no statistically significant difference in pain experience throughout the period of separators placements. Patients should be advised to take soft diet to

344-350

Authors: Ekine Atombosoba A*,West Obaabo,Adhuze Judit I

Background: The successes of modern obstetrics practice could not have been achieved without a well-cultured and planned antenatal care. These achievements could be noticed in the developed countries where properly organized antenatal surveillances are priorities for both government and the populace, which has remarkably improved fetomaternal outcome. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors contributing to late booking and hindrances to ANC in rural Nigeria. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with the aid of a structured questionnaire and a sample size of 190 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri. Result. A total of 190 pregnant women enrolled at booking, average age was 29.67±4.8 years, average gestational age was 31±6.2 weeks, 28.41% have pensionable jobs, while 12.63% were housewives, and 58.23% had previous delivery at TBA. 63.68% had previous ANC attendance, while 49.37% have delivered at least once in a government hospital. 53.68% had abdominal massage and fear of surgery caused 23.4% to choose TBA in earlier pregnancies. Socio-cultural values and cost also affected decisions 12.03% and 10.76% respectively, 9.80% found abdominal massage useful, while 61.05% would like to book in antenatal, if free. Conclusion: Antenatal booking is still low, despite many public enlightenment campaign programs, due to ignorance and misconception about pregnancy. It is therefore necessary to revisit the currently adopted pattern of health education in the much affected population with more rigorous awareness propaganda about the need for early booking,which may bring improvement of the present state.

355-364

Authors: Zuo Ling1,2,4, Zhang Bei-bei1,2, Bei Yu2, Zhang Min-jing2, Pang Ji-yan3, Zhang Qihao 2, Su Zhi-jian2, Huang Ya-dong2, Yang Hong-tu4, Xiang Qi1,2*

Objectives: To detect the variation of serum amino acids in control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice by PITC pre-column derivatization HPLC, and further explore the potential biomarkers associated with the development of NAFLD using metabolism profiling analysis. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat and high fructose diet, after 8 weeks, serum samples of control and model mice were collected. Serum biochemical parameter and liver histopathology were examined, and then metabolic profile was further analyzed using PITC pre-column derivatization HPLC. Result: Levels of serum and hepatic biochemical parameter and liver histopathology verified the NAFLD model successfully. The metabolism profile of NAFLD model mice was significantly different from that of the control mice. Conclusion: Pattern recognition method demonstrated that there were significant differences in the five amino acids markers (glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, isoleucine, valine) between the control and NAFLD mice. Amino acids metabolism profile combined with pattern recognition technology may reflect to a certain extent the metabolism changes of NAFLD mice. It also provided the potential scientific and clinic value for further study of NAFLD.