M.I.R. (Modernization. Innovation. Research)

457–469

Authors: Sirota E. N.

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to study the challenges of higher education in the digitalization of the economy and ways to overcome them. Achieving the goal is provided by identifying the system attributes of the digital economy, the gaps between the needs of the digital economy and the possibilities of providing them with the current education system, the problems that arise and the possible directions for solving them in connection with the tasks of innovative development of Russia. Methods: the study is based on a systematic approach, including a functional-structural method, multi-level and hierarchical in combination with the historical-dialectical method. These methods make possible to identify the occurrence of qualitative transformations of the system from reaching quantitative boundaries, a change in the main opposing forces and the nature of their interaction in the system, the direction of negation of the previous stage of the system and the fundamental characteristic of its new state. The combination of these approaches predetermined the choice of specific research methods: phenomenological, comparative, inductive. Results: the fundamental difference between the digital economy as the fifth technological paradigm and all previous ones have been formulated in the context of biological and socio-cultural evolution. The connections of digitalization with innovative development, technological and social singularity were shown. The system challenge of digital economy to the education, that includes the functionalstructural, psychological, pedagogical and institutional ones, has been revealed and disclosed. Directions of interdisciplinary research are proposed that allow answering these challenges, as well as some methodological innovations that allow to accelerate and to increase the efficiency of the learning process, in particular, programmable learning applications that self-adjust using individual dynamic cognitive profiles of students formed in the learning process. Conclusions and Relevance: the functional and structural challenge to the education system creates significantly complicated requirements for the qualitative characteristics of human capital. They are manifested in an increase in the volume of relevant competencies and the speed of their obsolescence, shift of emphasis from standard unidisciplinary to inter- and multidisciplinary problem tasks, in new relations between the depth of professional knowledge and the breadth of general cultural orientation. The incomplete readiness of cognitive psychology and pedagogy to bridge the gap between the explosive growth in the volume of relevant knowledge and the limited speed of its development forms the content of the psychological and pedagogical challenge, and the organizational and economic disconnection of education and business exacerbates the challenge with the institutional component. An adequate response to challenges is possible through the own efforts of the educational system to individualize the learning process using artificial intelligence systems, focused on maximizing the cognitive and psychological characteristics of the student. An interdisciplinary search for safe borders, technical means and psychological tools to intensify the educational process, which allow us to give a worthy answer to these challenges. This direction can become the basis of an interdisciplinary discussion about the ways in which society responds to the challenges of digitalization, as well as for applied pedagogical developments.

487–500

Authors: Uandykova M. K.

Purpose: the aim of the work is to study the risks of innovative development of regions and industries, develop systemic risk management models in the formation and implementation of innovative development programs in the region. Methods: the work used general scientific methods and approaches to research, such as analysis, comparison, generalization, optimization methods. Methodological approaches of risk management models include concepts, approaches aimed at the problems of risk management in the formation and implementation of regional innovative development programs, studied in domestic and foreign literature; mathematical apparatus of dichotomous and network programming. Results: the article provides a methodological justification and description of the criteria aspects of managing such tasks, risk analysis, develops a theory of project risks of a complex of innovative development programs for regions, presents models for assessing complex risk of a program, gives a statement of the problem of risk management and the formation of multi-purpose programs taking into account complex risks, as well as limitations for financing medium-risk and high-risk programs, algorithms for solving the risk management problem by dichotomous methods and networks are presented of programming. The transition from program-targeted management to integrated (joint system use of the project and scenario approaches) was completed, which allowed us to consider them holistically, form a complex of projects–programs, apply risk management mechanisms based on qualitative assessments and propose quantitative models for managing project and program risks of a program complex. Conclusions and Relevance: the proposed approach can be used in the formation and implementation of many program-targeted documents of the state and regional level with the transition to project management, as a tool for analysis and accounting of risks.

516–529

Authors: Kostyukova K. S.

Purpose: this article includes the review of the Japanese policy on the national economy Digital Transformation, using the case of implementation of artificial intelligence for production and services, description and analysis of the current results, as well as identification of obstacles to achieve the expected results. Methods: the article is based on the analysis of scientific and analytical materials to the problem of research. The factual basis is the framework documents of the Cabinet of Japan, media, reports on research conducted by Japanese research institutes. Results: the article provides a brief review and analysis of the Japanese public policy of the development of AI technology, summarizes the interim results of the measures taken, identifies problematic factors that prevent the achievement of the expected results. The hypothesis is put forward about the insufficiency of government efforts to monitor and analyze the activities already implemented, the lack of practice of taking into account failures in the formation of new programs and projects. Recently, significant attention to the development of AI technology is paid in Russia. In 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the "National strategy for the development of AI until 2030". It is expected that the using of digital technologies, will increase the competitiveness of the national economy, improve the welfare of society. In this regard, the study of Japan's experience as one of the technological leaders in the development and using of digital transformation, is especially important. Conclusions and Relevance: To solve the current socio-economic problems, Japan government relies on the development of the advanced technologies. At the same time, the government continues to develop measures to stimulate the cooperation of the academic and industrial sectors to conduct joint R&D on priority technologies. However, due to the "closed" nature of Japanese corporations and the relative independence of government plans in determining the technological priorities development, the corporate sector is reluctant to follow government recommendations on the using new technologies in management and production processes, as well as joint projects with the academic sector are not large-scale and are rather formal. This situation indicates the continuing unpreparedness of key NIS participants for the perception of the advanced technologies and digital transformation.

543–560

Authors: Batova M. M., Baranova I. V., Mayorov S. V., Korobchenko O. V.

Purpose: the aim of the article is to develop a methodology and practical tools for effective digital transformation of high-tech enterprises. To achieve this goal, a concept of enterprise transformation by means of innovative modernization, affecting changes in products, technological operations and organizational and production structures, was developed. For this, a number of tasks were solved, including the development of original economic and mathematical models that describe the change in the functional business strategies of a high-tech enterprise; selection and formalization of model variables; development of organizational design methods for flexible robotic structures and models for determining the parameters of flexibility and productivity of a robotic structure; software development of digital transformation processes. Methods: in preparing the article, methods of systems theory, project management of an innovative focus, mathematical modeling and a number of other methods were used. Results: a set of information systems for decision support in the areas of design and economic activities of a high-tech enterprise has been developed. The design of such systems was due to a number of circumstances. Firstly, the need to transform traditional information technologies used in the practice of a high-tech enterprise into digital information technologies. Secondly, the need for a high-tech enterprise in original applied software applications that provide solutions to innovative and economic problems, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise. To do this, an analysis was performed and models of data collection and storage were proposed for solving the problems of information support of the economic activity of a high-tech enterprise. The possibility of using a consistent data model in organizing the management of receivables and payables is shown. Cross-platform software was developed for the support system for decisions made by a high-tech enterprise, and a convenient user interface was implemented. Conclusions and Relevance: the study showed that it is advisable to create information systems as hierarchical structures covering the strategic, tactical and operational levels of management. In order to bring the automation level of the control and production subsystems into conformity, industrial robotics must be integrated into the created production links.