M.I.R. (Modernization. Innovation. Research)

357–367

Authors: Smirnova O. O., Lipina S. A., Bocharova L. K.

Purpose: investigation of the possibility of applying special regimes of economic activity on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods: the research methodology is based on methods of generalization, analogy, comparative and system analysis; the rules for assessing the effectiveness of the operation of special economic zones were used. Results: the expediency of applying special regimes of economic activity in the Arctic zone of Russia is considered. Mechanisms for establishing and operating such special economic regimes as special economic zones, territorial development zones, territories for outpacing socio-economic development, industrial parks, technoparks and clusters have been studied. The possibility of linking the supposed support zones of development in the Arctic with special modes of economic activity is considered. Conclusions and Relevance: the current trends in the social and economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the need to diversify the region's economy and attract investment determine the appropriateness of using such economic regimes that will contribute to the achievement of the objectives of state policy in the Arctic, taking into account specific conditions for managing the macroregion. The study allows us to conclude that at present there is no clear separation between the indicated regimes. Their effectiveness and effectiveness is not directly dependent on the number of benefits provided. At the present time, any of the existing special regimes in our country can be established on the territory of the Arctic zone of Russia. The adoption of such a decision should be based on a strategic vision for the development of the whole circumpolar region and its individual territories, and also be accompanied by an assessment of the falling incomes, planned tax revenues and the volume of benefits provided within a particular regime of economic activity.

376–383

Authors: Shavaleeva L. S.

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to analyze the potential, opportunities and prospects of individual financial resources (personal savings) in investment process for Russian small business projects. The subject of this study is particularly relevant due to the fact that in recent years in Russian Federation the development of small business plays an important role in economic policy but there are a number of reasons that impede the development of this segment especially lack of financial resources. Methods: in this article we used methods of qualitative analysis of relevant legal documents and statistical data; factorial, situational, and comparative approaches to empirical material on this subject, and the possibility of expert evaluation of emerging economic trends. Results and Conclusions: the Russian government implements significant measures to support segment of small businesses but there is still a whole range of reasons that hinder their development. The most serious of them is the lack of investment. At the same time, we can see the trend between the growing range of possibilities of private investments from the state and businesses and no apparent needs for them among the general russian population. There is a huge potential expressed in the possible transformation of available savings of this population into investment. This approach can be implemented due to using of the innovative instruments, one of which is crowdinvesting.

396–403

Authors: Dobrova K. B.

Purpose: the main goal of the publication is to make a comprehensive study of the possible application of the cluster approach to improve the competitiveness and innovation activity of enterprises of the defense industry complex. Methods: the methodology of the research is based on the collection and analysis of initial data and information, the article uses a systematic approach to the study of socio-economic processes and phenomena. The research is based on modern theory of competition, innovation, as well as the modern paradigm of cluster development of the economy. In preparing the study, practical materials from Corporation “Rostec”. Results: the article gives the notion of cluster, the prospects for the use of the cluster approach to enhance competitiveness and innovation enterprises of the military-industrial complex. It is noted that the activation of interaction with the “civil sector” is particularly relevant in the context of the reduction of the state defense order, and the theory and practice of cluster management offers a number of forms of cluster interaction between the enterprises of the defense industry and the civil sector. It is emphasized that the development of cluster mechanisms can solve a number of problems related to the insufficient financial stability of defense industry enterprises in the context of a reduction in the state defense order, low innovation activity and the lack of developed models of interaction with small innovative enterprises. Ultimately, the use of cluster mechanisms in the development of defense enterprises is intended to enhance the competitiveness of the complex, both nationally and globally. It is stated that the existing clusters are not able to fully solve a number of specific tasks related to the diversification of integrated defense industry structures. Attention is drawn to the fact that existing clusters are not able to fully solve a number of specific tasks related to the diversification of integrated defense industry structures, such as the need to use information constituting state secrets, interaction with military representatives, various military state standards, special terminology. Recommendations are given on the activation of the potential of clusters with the participation of defense enterprises, for which it is proposed to initiate, in the established procedure, procedures for amending the legislation regulating industrial policy issues, to form additional organizational, legal and financial-economic preconditions for the cluster development of the military-industrial complex. Conclusions and Relevance: conclusion is drawn that the development of clusters based on the defense industry enterprises can be used, first of all, to diversify production and increase the output of civil high-tech products. To activate the cluster mechanism it is recommended to form additional organizational, legal and financial-economic prerequisites.

416–423

Authors: Zadvornaya O. L., Borisov K. N., Ershov A. A.

Purpose: to study and evaluate the motivational and psychological readiness of health managers to introduce and use tools and approaches to develop and improve professional performance in the context of the modernization of the health-care system, the growing need for highly skilled management skills. Based on proven methods of research, international experience and our own research, the authors proved the feasibility of using coaching as a technology of training on cycles of training, ensuring the formation and development of valuable personal qualities and professional competencies of the heads of medical organizations. Methods: in the present study, the following methods were used: systemic approach, content analysis, methods of social diagnosis (questionnaires, interviews), comparative analysis, method of expert evaluations, method of statistical processing of information. Results: reviewed and proposed approaches to use modern technology management training of health aimed at improving the efficiency of healthcare organizations. Conclusions and Relevance: heads of the medical organizations have a high level of motivation and psychological readiness for professional development, effectiveness of professional activity, to achieve the goals of the success of the activities of medical organizations in modern conditions. Coaching is one of the effective combining of different methods and techniques instrument affecting the results of the activities of individuals and the organization as a whole. In scientific research, devoted to increase of efficiency of activity of managerial staff in the healthcare, not defined methodological approaches to the use of coaching in professional development and improving professional activity of heads of medical organizations. Coaching in educational activities based on interdisciplinary scientific and practical achievements, the range of effective educational methodologies, techniques and approaches that can be actively used in educational process for formation of universal and professional managerial competences in the framework of the competence approach.

430–438

Authors: Rudneva A. O.

Purpose: to analyze participation in the international trade of the separate groups of the countries - developed, developing and also with a transitional economy. Not only the level of development of their economies, but also the economy type, ability of transformation in market economy is the cornerstone of division of the countries. Dynamics of indicators from 2000 for 2015 is considered. The particular emphasis is placed on asymmetric influence of crises that is connected, first of all, with distinctions in structure of the economies, presence and prevalence of an oil and gas component of export at the certain countries to which number it is also possible to carry Russia. Methods: the author uses wide methodology, including analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, temporary extrapolation, mathematicalstatistical and graphic methods. Results: the revealed trends of development allow to reveal the prospects of further speeding up of positions of so-called high-growth economies at preservation of the leading role of developed countries. At the same time the role of Russia, despite a high level of gas and oil in its export, increases that is confirmed by growth not only absolute, but also relative indicators. Conclusions and Relevance: the materials stated in the article represent not only scientific, but also practical interest as allow to estimate the prospects of participation in the international trade of actors of the various groups of countries taking into account the level of their economic development. The main countries drivers among the developed countries, developing countries and countries with economies in transition are defined; the main exporters and importers are revealed; the commodity structure of the world trade and the largest exporters are determined by various commodity positions; the commodity and geographical structure of the foreign trade of the developed, developing countries and countries with economies in transition is characterized for this purpose. Shift of the centers of influence towards the developing economies allows drawing conclusions on the level of the international competitiveness of their economies, however high sensitivity to the crises says about immaturity and need of further building of the hi-tech and service sector that it is more characteristic of the developed countries. Russia continues to take the central place among the countries with economies in transition, being focused in foreign trade on the EU and China. Structural disproportions in its national economy predetermine high sensitivity to pricing on power raw materials without which decrease speeding up of positions on the world scene is impossible.