08-15
Clinicopathological Findings in Suspected Cases of Virus-induced Neoplastic Diseases in Commercial Layer Chickens in Nigeria
Authors: Nuhu Abdulazeez Sani
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Avian neoplastic diseases, including Marek’s disease (MD), avian leukosis (AL), and reticuloendotheliosis (RE), are
of economic importance in the chicken industry. However, it is difficult to differentiate MD from AL and RE by
clinical signs and postmortem examination. Therefore, the present study aimed to classify the avian neoplastic
diseases affecting commercial layer chickens in Nigeria using clinical history, postmortem examination, and
histopathological technique. Carcasses of commercial layer chickens from 7 and 20 poultry farms in Kaduna and
Plateau States were studied, respectively, from February 2017 to March 2018. The age, morbidity, and mortality rates
in each of the affected farms were determined. Detailed postmortem examinations were carried out on the carcasses
from the affected farms, and organs observed to have neoplastic lesions were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. The age means of the affected layers were 20.6 weeks and 20.8 weeks in Kaduna and Plateau
States, respectively. The average morbidity rates of neoplasm in the affected layers were 3.9% and 9.3% in aduna
and Plateau States, respectively, while the average ortality rates were 8.6% and 8.5% in Kaduna and Plateau States, respectively. The clinical observation of affected chickens indicated that they were anorexic and emaciated.
Generally, the neoplastic lesions were characterized by white to gray, multifocal, firm nodules of varying sizes on the affected organs. In Kaduna State, the neoplasms were commonly observed on the liver (85.7%), spleen (71.4%), heart (42.9%), and kidneys (42.9%), while in Plateau State, the affected organs included liver (50%), spleen (25%),
proventriculus (25%) and lungs (25%). The histopathological changes in the affected tissues were similar and characterized predominantly by the infiltration of lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and macrophages. The patterns of
distribution of the pleomorphic neoplastic cells within the liver were multifocal and perivascular in most cases.
Findings from the current study indicated that cases of neoplasms in commercial layer chickens in Kaduna and
Plateau States, Nigeria, could be attributed to MD.