Journal of World's Poultry Research

82-85

Authors: Oladele Omolade

The Nigerian Indigenous breeds of Chicken (NIC) have thrived in harsh tropical environment with little veterinary care and poor nutrition compared with the introduced exotic breeds which performs sub-optimally in the tropics. However, they receive little attention for commercial production in spite of low input required. A comparative assessment of cellular immune response of the indigenous and exotic breeds was carried out to provide scientific explanation for their hardy nature and justify production for economic purposes. Fifteen chickens from each of three indigenous breeds i.e. Frizzled- feathered, Naked-neck and Smooth-feathered, and 8 Isa Brown pullets were 10 weeks old and reared in separate cages. The chickens were stabilized and administered Newcastle Disease Vaccine (NDV), LaSota strain. At 14 and 16 weeks old, all breeds were administered NDV Komarov strain in Freund’s adjuvant and in PBS intramuscularly as sensitizing and challenge inoculants, respectively. They were bled for serum 5 days later and concentrations of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined using competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that the Frizzled-feathered chickens had the highest concentration of IFNgamma (58±2.8 pg/ml) which was significantly higher than 49±3.2 pg/ml and 44±2.5 pg/ml recorded for Smooth-feathered and Isa brown breeds respectively. Also, concentration in Naked-neck breed was 54±2.9 pg/ml, which was significantly higher than Isa Brown. Isa Brown had the significantly lowest concentration. It was concluded that the three NIC studied, have inherent capacity to mount higher levels of cellular immune response compared with the exotic Isa brown, when challenged.

89-93

Authors: Omonona Abosede Olayemi , Afusat Jagun Jubril and Adewole Augustine Adekola

Village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus) are ubiquitous passerine birds found in Nigeria. Researches on avian haemoparasites in domestic and wild birds in Nigeria have been receiving considerable attention over the years. In recent studies, the commonly reported haemoparasites include Haemoproteus sp, Plasmodium sp., Leucocytozoon, Hepatozoon and nematode microfilariae. These haemoparasites have been associated with several pathologic changes and diseases in affected birds. However, there is dearth of information on the prevalence of haemoparasites associated with village weaver in Nigeria. This present study evaluated the prevalence of haemoparasites in village weavers birds found in Ibadan, Nigeria and the associated haematological changes. 30 weaver birds were captured from the suburb of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The buffy coat smears of the birds were made to ascertain the prevalence of haemoparasites using light microscopy to determine the morphological characteristics of the haemoparasites observed. The morphological characteristics of the haemoparasites observed were consistent with Haemoproteus spp., Leucocytozoon spp., Plasmodium spp., and microfilariae. Out of the total number of the village weavers sampled, 22 (73.33%) had one or more haemoparasites. Haemoproteus spp was observed in 19 (63.33%) birds, microfilariae was seen in 10 (33.33%) while 7 (23.33%) had Leucocytozoon spp with Plasmodium spp. in 5 (16.67%), being the least prevalent in this study. The co-infection with different haemoparasites was significant (p <0.05) which indicated an increased relative risk of a superimposed haemoparasite infection in already infected birds. The erythrocyte parameters and indices (PCV, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were slightly higher in the uninfected weaver birds than in the haemoparasite infected population.

60-63

Authors: Dwi Wahyu Ayuning Tyas

This research was aimed to evaluate protein digestibility and metabolic energy of autoclaved komak beans on broilers. The material used consisted of basal feed, komak bean, local soybean, imported soybean, twenty thirty-seven-day broilers, and metabolic henhouse. The methods in the research implemented completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications (Lablab Purpureus or LP0: basal diet; LP1: 15% local soybean; LP2: 15% imported soybean; LP3: 15% komak beans; LP4: 15% autoclaved of komak beans). The variables observed in this research were the protein digestibility, Nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolic Energy, and Apparent Metabolic Energy corrected Nitrogen. The results showed that protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, AME and AMEN of autoclaved komak beans were not significant (P>0.05) on 37 days old broilers. It concluded that the protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, AME and AMEn in autoclaved komak beans had the same effectiveness as soybean.

37-47

Authors: Tatsuya Shimizu

Chicken demand and supply has increased in many developing countries in the last few decades. Peru is one of those countries. When we analyze the increase in Peru since the 1990s, compared with the case of Japan between the 1960s and 1980s in which demand and supply also increased, we find common factors such as the development of intensive agriculture that depends on imported feed grains. However, because of several distinguishing ecological and socio-economic factors, the development of the value chain for chicken in Peru has been different from Japan, especially in the integration of further food processing and handling in chain activities.

52-55

Authors: Sobhan Firouzi

Many studies have been shown the effects of light wave length on broilers performance in experimental assay, but we decided to evaluate the effects of different color lights on broiler performance, immune response and hematological parameters in filed study. For this purpose, 40000 day-old broiler chickens were placed in four houses as follow: green, sunny yellow, blue and red light. All light sources were equalized at the intensity of 25 lux, with light period of 23 hours daily. In days 8, 18, 30 and 42 from each house, 25 samples of serum were obtained to evaluate the ND-antibody responses. At 42 days of age, 25 blood samples were taken from each house to evaluate HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, creatinine, BUN and glucose of serum. The live body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was calculated. The results indicated that the birds reared under yellow and blue light had the best and weakest performance, respectively. The decrease of maternal antibody in group which reared under green light was the slowest and at the end of experiment the birds which were exposed to green and blue light had the highest ND antibody titers among all groups but it was insignificant (P>0.05). The birds in yellow light house showed a significant increase in total serum protein (P<0.05) and the birds in blue light house showed an insignificant reduction in serum triglyceride, glucose and BUN concentrations (P>0.05).

05-09

Authors: Sesotya Raka Pambuka

he effects of Liquid Probiotic Mixed Culture (LPMC) on laying hens performance were studied. One hundred twenty eight 44-wk-old Isa Brown layers were randomly divided into 2 groups with 64 laying hens or layers in two groups. Layers in first group were fed with commercial feed as antibiotic contained diets; the other fed with self-mixed feed as antibiotic free diets. Both of groups had different LPMC level: control, 0.15 %, 0.30 % and 0.45 % of LPMC (v/v) added in water fount. The method used in this research was completely randomized design and followed by Duncan’s multiple tests. The results showed better improvements on antibiotic free diets in decreasing yolk cholesterol (P<0.01). LPMC supplementation did not improve performances either on antibiotic free and commercial diets. Increased level of LPMC supplementation did not give significant effect on feed and water consumption, hen day production, egg weight, feed conversion, whereas overall variables had improvement tendency numerically and commercial feed groups had better performances than antibiotic free diets. LPMC supplementation did not improve layers performance but could be substitute antibiotics.

20-29

Authors: Abdellah El Allaoui

The problem of contamination of poultry by salmonella in addition to the increase of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella is of a great importance both in the field of public health as well as in the socio-economic sector of the country because of the damage it can cause, but no studies have been conducted so far in Morocco to determine the risk factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler turkey farms. In order to determine the statute of the broiler turkey farms (n= 20) with respect to the contamination by Salmonella, three visits were paid to each livestock buildings. A batch of 10 pools of 5 droppings per breeding by visit were collected (n= 600) and analyzed. All Salmonella (n= 62) isolates were serotyped, confirmed by the presence of virulence gene (invasion) and tested for the resistance to 15 antimicrobial agents by the agar diffusion method. In parallel, an analytical study was carried out to investigate risks factors of Salmonella contamination in these farms. The rate of insulation of Salmonella is important (35 %) and the isolated serotypes are worrying: 36 S. Kentucky, 15 S. Saintpaul, 8 S. Parkroyal and 3 S. Ruzizi River. They have relatively high rates of resistance to tetracycline (79 %) and streptomycin (72.5 %), followed by resistance to nalidixic acid (37.1 %), ciprofloxacin (33.9 %), ampicillin (33.8 %), spectinomycin (32.3 %), trimethoprim (30.6 %) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24.2 %), gentamicin (21 %), kanamycin (17.7 %) and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16.1%). Three strains of S. Agona expanded spectrum betalactamase producing which have a high level of resistance to ceftriaxone with a minimum inhibitory concentration (CMI) of 16 µg/ml. The variables associated with this contamination are related to the duration of crawlspace (p = 0,037), treatment with antibiotics (p = 0.001) and the contamination of turkeys poults (p = 0.002) dice implementation, The storage of manure inside the livestock building (p = 0.003), The conservation of turkeys inside the rearing building (p = 0,009) in the breeding season (p = 0.001) and age of turkeys sample (p = 0.01). The high level of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates in the present study, showed the possible Significance of turkey as a source of multiple antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella for human infections.