Journal of World's Poultry Research

89-92

Authors: Taseer Ahmed Khan 1 , Muhammad Noman Khan 1 , Ruqaiya Hasan 2,3 Habib Fatima 2 and Einas Kousar 2.

cetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic agent administered in high doses causes kidney and liver necrosis both in humans and in animals. Nigella sativa (Black seed) has been reported to have hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. Present investigation is performed to find out the effects of aqueous solution of Nigella sativa and its oil extract on serum urea and uric acid levels of layer chicks after oral administration of a single dose of 300 mg acetaminophen/kg body weight. Observations indicated that oral administration of acetaminophen to layer chicks caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean serum urea while non-significant decrease in mean serum uric acid concentration. The results of this study indicated that Nigella sativa has positive effects on urea and uric acid concentrations during the administration of acetaminophen overdose. However, Nigella sativa oil extract is more effective than its aqueous solution.

99-105

Authors: Charles Olawale Farayola, Anthony Ademola Adeyemo, Stanley Chibueze Nwachukwu and Abdulfatah Yusuf

The study ascertained Small Scale Commercial poultry farmers’ needs on improved production techniques in Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State. A purposive sampling technique was used to select sixty (60) poultry farmers. Findings revealed that the percentages of poultry farmers that need training on various poultry production techniques are as follows: housing system (83.3%), feeds and feeding strategies (87%), disease/parasites prevention and control (80%); handling skills (80%) and marketing strategies (88.3%). Findings also showed that (13.3%) of the poultry farmers hired labour for the business, (53.3%) are making use of family/relatives for the business while (28.3%) of the respondents employed both labour and family together. Marital status, level of education and awareness of improved poultry production techniques were significant (X 2 = 6.136, P<0.05) and X 2 =19.679, P<0.05). Also there was no significant relationship between farmers’ awareness of poultry production techniques and training needs (X =1.016, P<0.05). It is recommended that seminar/workshops should be regularly organized for the poultry farmers’ on the best practices that wil l save the cost of feeds and reduce mortality in their poultry production techniques.

68-72

Authors: Mayada F. Hasoon, Qayes Lazgen, Aven Abdullah, and Bakhtyar Ali

Using tissue explantation and cryopreservation biotechniques, a quail embryonic fibroblast primary cell line was successfully developed, which performed by using 20 quail embryo samples and a stock of 25 cryovials, each one containing 3.0×10 68 6 cells. Most of the cells were apparently fibroblasts in their morphology, and the population doubling time (PDT) was about 48 h. The cells were tested for microbial contamination and found free of infections from bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasms. The total chromosome number of a diploid cell was 78 According to karyotyping and chromosome analysis. All the tests showed that the quality of the cell line conforms to the quality criteria of the ATCC (American type culture collection).This work succeeded not only in preserving the genetic resources of quail cells, but it also established a new protocol to preserve cell of avian breeds.

80-82

Authors: F. Namazi 1 and N. Mosleh 2*

An aged dead adult native hen was referred for Necropsy. Grossly, pedunculated, firm, greyishwhite fleshy growths were found attached to the serosal surface of ovary together with spread over the whole of intestine serosa. Microscopically, the ovarian growths consisted of a tubular pattern confirmed as adenocarcinoma with metastasis on the intestines.

38-42

Authors: Salah Shaban Abdelrhman1,4*., Ehab Abd-ELsabour M. Rihan 2,5, Hany M. Almotairy 3, Ali H. Al Jassem 1 and M. H. Al-Blowi1

Two hundred and sixteen samples (80 Tracheal swabs and 136 blood serum) were collected from four commercial ostrich farms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for isolation of Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) viruses or detection of their antigens and antibodies by RT-PCR and Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbant Assay (ELISA) respectively. Neither AI and ND viruses nor their antigens were isolated or detected in any of the collected swabs samples. Also, Antibodies to avian influenza virus were not detected in the collected serum samples. Antibodies to ND virus were detected in 0.0%, 80.0%, 74.1%, and 80.0% in serum samples from farms 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Mean ND ELISA antibody titer were 0.0, 646.3, 1068.5 and 1440.5 in farms 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Ostriches vaccinated with live ND vaccine by drinking water were negative for ND antibodies, while ostriches vaccinated with live ND vaccine by spray method and boosted by inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine gave the highest immune response. Ostriches vaccinated with inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine (4x chicken dose/ostrich) elicited effective immune response and transferred maternal antibodies to ostrich chicks at the rate of 85.7% and 66.7% with mean ELISA antibody titer of 1450.5 and 1350.15 at 7 and 21 day old, respectively.

54-56

Authors: Nadir Alloui1* , Mohamed Nabil Alloui2, Omar. Bennoune 1 , Salah. Bouhentala1

This study was carried out during summer season on two broiler buildings with a capacity of 10000 each one. The first building with natural ventilation while the second was recently renovated with dynamic ventilation system composed of 10 ventilators with a capacity of 5000 m 3 /hour/unit. The results of this experiment showed that ammonia concentration was higher in the building with natural ventilation during various breeding phases. The average concentration of ammonia in the building with natural ventilation was already higher than standard levels from the third week of breeding (16.5 ppm) and reached higher and alarming levels at the seventh week (31.5ppm). Dynamic ventilation in the second building made possible decrease in this concentration that reach 19.5 ppm at the fourth week and 13.50 ppm at the end of breeding (week7). The variation of the ammonia levels in the building with dynamic ventilation is in close relationship to the ventilation flow and working time of the extractor fans. Mortality in the building with natural ventilation was twice higher than that with dynamic ventilation (10.5 vs. 4.5%). The presence of dynamic ventilation has also positively influenced the performance parameters of chicken. The day56, live weight of broiler chickens in the poultry house of dynamic ventilation was superior to that of broiler chickens in building of natural ventilation (1870 vs.1682 gr). This is confirmed by better feed conversion (1.98 vs. 2.66). In the building with natural ventilation, examination of 50 chickens shows the presence of conjunctivitis in animals (20%).

63-67

Authors: Aseel A. Saeed1 , Mayada F. Hasoon2 and Majed H. Mohammed3,4*

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonellae contamination of chicken meat imported from different origin to local markets in south of Iraq (Diwaniya). The bacteria were cultured, isolated and biochemically characterized by the analytical profiling index (API 20E system). The 16s rRNA and invA gene primers were selected specifically for the detection of Salmonella to amplify a 406 and 558 bp DNA fragments, respectively. The results of this study showed that 22 Salmonella isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 100 chicken meats and only 7 isolates out of 22 were identified as S. typhimurium, the highest percent of isolates were 83.8 % for India origin and the lowest percent were 25% from Jordan origin.

01-04

Authors: Frederick Adzitey

Animal production is an integral part of Ghana’s agricultural economy and a major source of livelihood for many rural households in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions of Ghana. In Ghana, animals are raised under the extensive, semi-intensive and/or intensive system. However, the extensive system is the commonest method and it is practiced most especially in rural communities. Animal production holdings are commercially, family or individually owned. Commercial farmers normally keep poultry, and mostly under the intensive system. Different animal species are reared in Ghana purposely for local consumption. This paper provides an analysis of animal and meat production in Ghana within a 10 year period. Between 2001 and 2010 the average of live animal production was 3,958,560 for goats, 3,269,460 for sheep, 1,373,700 for cattle, 404,600 for pigs, and 33, 252 for chickens. In general, the increase in goat and sheep production was higher than the increase in cattle, pigs and chicken production within this period. Averages of meat production in Tonnes were 34,427, 24,491, 13,535, 12,336 and 12,056, for chicken (chicken meat), beef (cattle meat), pork (pig meat), chevon (goat meat) and mutton (sheep meat), respectively. The increase in chicken meat was the highest within this period. Total meat production in Tonnes was 177,723 in 2001, 176, 086 in 2002,181,686 in 2003, 186,470 in 2004, 188,537 in 2005, 191,021 in 2006, 198,093 in 2007, 220,243 in 2008, 232,516 in 2009 and 244,742 in 2010. Opportunities for increased animal and meat production in Ghana still exist since the country imports animal and meat from abroad. This overview provides reference data of animal and meat production in Ghana. It is expected that the Government and other stakeholders will use this data in planning and making of policies, and to monitor changes that may occur overtime.

13-17

Authors: 1 Mohammed A. Ahmed, 2 Bakheit M. Dousa and 3 Khadiga A. Abdel Atti

An experiment was conducted to study the nutritional value of yellow maize when it substitutes sorghum grain as source of energy at levels 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in broiler rations. One hundred and forty unsexed one day old (Ross) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five approximately isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets labeled as follows: Diet (S0) containing sorghum 100% (control, 60% of the diet), diet (S1) 75% sorghum 25% maize, diet (S2) 50% sorghum 50% maize, diet (S3) 25% sorghum 75% maize and diet (S4) maize (100%) (without sorghum). Each treatment had four replicates with 7 birds/replicate. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Feed intake and body weight gain had been recorded weekly. The results showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in feed intake (3847.7, 3817.68 and 3734.06gram) and body weight gain (2189.58, 2203.04 and 2078.98gram) for birds fed diets S0, S1 and S2 respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio among all dietary treatments. Moreover, protein efficiency was greater for birds received diet S0 (2.65) and diet S1 (2.62) and lowest for birds received diet S4 (2.45). Birds fed diet S3 and S4 recorded significantly (P < 0.01) lowest hot and cold carcass weights (1420.83, 1479.17gram) and (1395.84, 1458.34gram) respectively than other groups. Broiler chicks supplemented with diet S1 and S2 recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher carcass hot dressing percentage (73.66 and 73.36) respectively than those fed diet S0 (72.60) and S4 (72.60) while those fed diet S3 (71.92) recorded the lowest one. The highest serum glucose level was obtained by chicks fed diet S1 (176.33) while those fed on the other four diets were statistically similar. Serum total protein was found to be higher for chicks fed diet S0 (3.10), S1 (3.66) and S4 (3.42) while the lowest level was observed by chicks fed diet S3 (2.31). All the treatments had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on cold carcass dressing percentage, liver and abdominal fat weights, serum cholesterol, serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels. The cost of production decreased by increasing level of maize.

24-27

Authors: P.K. Pathak and B.G. Nath*

Livestock and poultry rearing is an imperative factor for improving the nutritional security of rural poor in India. Rural farmers rear Desi type chicken with low egg and meat production in backyard system. For developing the rural poultry farming, improved backyard poultry like Vanaraja/Gramapriya birds rearing is of utmost important. These improved birds can rear in both intensive and free ranging system. Birds can be reared for egg production in small numbers (1020) in free range conditions if plenty of natural feed resources are available. Chicks need brooding during initial 6 weeks of age to maintain the required body temperature and to protect from predators. In nursery rearing, feeding of broiler starter up to 28 days is better option but it can also be formulated with locally available materials. At 42 days of age, the birds can be let out under backyard free-range conditions. Birds should be vaccinated specifically against the Newcastle disease and fowl pox. The backyard poultry farming with improved birds provide a solution to food security to the needy villagers paving a way for sustainable agriculture in rural areas of India.

35-37

Authors: Tahoora Shomali 2 1 1, * , Somayeh Hamedi 2 , Mohammad Reza Paryani 35 2 , Seyed Mehdi Mohseni , Mostafa Farzaneh 3

Regarding the remarkable role of bursa of Fabricius as a primary lymphoid organ in poultry, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of long term administration of Zataria multiflora as an herbal immunomodulatory agent on histological features of this organ in broiler chickens. To this end, fifty, one-day old chickens were randomly divided into five equal groups and fed with diets contained 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Z. multiflora (experimental groups) or basal diet (control group) for 45 days. On day 46, birds were slaughtered and bursa of Fabricius was dissected immediately. 6μm-thick transverse sections were made and stained with H&E for measuring height of pelicae, follicular width as well as thickness of follicular cortex and medulla using a linear graticule. Number of follicles in plicae was also counted under light microscope. The results showed a dose dependent increase in all histomorphometric parameters due to Z. multiflora administration and the highest increase was in the thickness of follicular cortex of birds treated with 2% Z. multiflora. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Z. multiflora during the rearing period of broilers, dose dependently affects histological structures of bursa of Fabricius in a way that may enhance its role as a lymphoid organ.