International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research

1058 - 1069

Authors: Elif Güneri Yöyen

This study was realized with the participation of 539 university students in order to adapt short version of International Personality Inventory (IPI) to Turkish and test its reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analysis, cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and classroom corelational test methods were used to analyze the data of the survey to which test-retest method was applied by use of 513 students two weeks later. According to analysis findings the reliability and validity rates of the scale were adequate: Goodness of fit indexes acquired from two confirmatory factor analyses are in harmony with the model. Internal consistency coefficients of subscales of IPI were between .64 and .75; on the other hand the rate for the whole scale was found 0.82. In addition content validity ratio of the scale was %80 and CVR of all the items was %94 on overage while their Content Validity Index was %97. The factor loadings of confirmatory factor analyses of the scale are between 0.448 and 0.656 for extraversion sub-dimension, 0.408 and 0.606 for emotional stability sub-dimension, 0.387 and 0.629 for conscientiousness sub-dimension , 0.339 and 0.698 for openness to experiences sub-dimension, 0.290 and 0.589 for agreeableness sub-dimension, o.466 and 0.690 for hostility sub-dimension. Depending on these findings it is clear that Turkish adaptation of short version of International Personality Inventory is reliable and valid enough to be used in studies related to the subject.

1083 - 1090

Authors: Filiz Kantek, Nezaket Yıldırım, İlkay Kavla

This study aims to investigate the correlation between burnout, workplace satisfaction, and perceived health among nurses. The study was conducted with 322 nurses working in a university hospital. All nurses, except those on annual or sick leave, were included in the study sample. Data were evaluated with a personal information form, the MBI, the Work Environment Satisfaction Scale, and the Perceived Health Scale. The study data were analyzed with mean analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. It was reported that the average emotional exhaustion score of nurses was 18.68, depersonalization score was 5.89 and self-actualization score was 20.54. It was also noted that 27.0% of the nurses in the study were satisfied with their work environment and 52.8% of the participants perceived their health in good condition. It was reported that work environment satisfaction was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion (β=-.534, t=-11.229) and depersonalization (β=-.269, t=-4.988) while it was positively correlated with personal success (β=.191, t=3.478). Moreover, perceived health was also found negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion (β =-.386, t=-7.487) and depersonalization (β=-.146, t=-2.642) while it had positive effects on personal success (β =.130, t=2.336). The study results indicated that burnout syndrome was influenced by work environment satisfaction and perceived health. It is suggested that nursing managers and nursing leaders can ensure early diagnosis of burnout by evaluating perceived health and work environment satisfaction of nurses. It is absolutely recommended to prioritize to enhance work environment satisfaction.

1114 - 1121

Authors: Ajda Baştan

In this study violence will be discussed within the famous British playwright Caryl Churchill's play Seven Jewish Children. Churchill was grown up in the 20th century by seeing the pains of living for the longest period of violence and war. Stressing in her plays that violence develops in dominating relationships, she reveals her anti-war stance in Seven Jewish Children staged in 2009, although she was accused of anti-Semitism. With the idea that art should be universal writers, Churchill is aware that artists hold a great responsibility making all people to catch happiness. So Churchill's basic aim of the play is to show the rotten institutions in the community and create a peaceful world by correcting them. Aware that wars threaten human life and democracy, Churchill describes violence which will transform our present and future life to a nightmare in a poetic language in Seven Jewish Children. Churchill, in this contemporary mystery game, tries to emphasize the negativity created by the war on humanity. In this context, the author, highlights the responsibility of loading the spiritual requirements of society to live in peace in Seven Jewish Children.

1131 - 1135

Authors: Cagla Diner

Microcredit programs mostly target poor women who do not have access to credit in the formal financial system because they lack the necessary collateral or formal employment, which secure a stream of future income. It is believed that the poor women can use the credit as some sort of seed money to turn themselves into entrepreneurs, even at a small scale. Since the founder of the microcredit programs Muhammed Yunus won the Nobel Prize in Economics, we have been hearing about the success of the programs. It is widely argued that this is not only an institutionalization of a welfare mechanism, which otherwise would be a burden on the state resources, but also a means to empower women. However, there are also serious criticisms against these programs. One group of critics argues that there is no solid evidence that supports the success of microcredit programs in reducing poverty and those successful examples we hear are only a few exceptions to the majority of the credit users who do remain impoverished. Another group of critics draw attention to a particular subjectivity created by these programs in the developing countries. Such subjectivity can be described as agents responsible for their own well-being, as woman entrepreneurs who invest wisely, work hard, and rely only on their own efforts to take care of themselves and their families. Yet, such critics continue, neither this subjectivity nor access to finance through microcredit can challenge existing social hierarchies as ideological barriers to gender transformation are quite strong.

1148 - 1160

Authors: Mert Kerem Zelyurt, Muazzez Şaşmaz Ataçocuğu

Amateur football, generates “under stairs sector of football”. The elements of amateur football that evoke professionalism in working, make it mandatory to study the unique problems of this category. The purpose of this study is to reveal its own internal social and economic dynamics of amateur football and to discuss problematics identified in this context. The study was conducted using “Qualitative Method”. The reason why the editing built with qualitative method is, to show a “descriptive” approach in the topic which doesn’t have sufficient literature and scientific reference, moreover even beyond that is to expose an “exploratory” research model in relation to the research topic. It is thought that, in a research which is to be performed in original topic, this method offers opportunity to exceed the limitation of subjects by question options which are defined by questionnaire e.t.c data collection tools in the scope of quantitative method. In study “Semi-Structured in-depth interview” which is a research technique peculiar to qualitative method has been done with 6 football players, 2 trainers and 2 managers in total of 10 people who are active in amateur category. Interview data collected with voice recorder subjected to content analysis and converted to Word texts, as a result of this process by taking identified problems regard to topic in consideration, they were demonstrated in findings section with various “Theme” titles. İdentified theme titles are listed as follows: 1. Precarious Oral Agreements 2. Lack of legal inspection 3. Quota Implementation 4. Economic issues and facility problems. Problems that we have set related to amateur football need to be analyzed. Of amateur football to come to a more functional state first people of our country, athletes, trainers, managers, clubs and in the sense of totally for Turkish sport, a review of these problems is seen to be mandatory. In considering amateur football with its current operating mechanism both health, physical activity and dissemination of “mass sport” that focuses on using leisure time and it is the infrastructure and kitchen of raising Professional football player, the sociological underpinnings of this necessity also inevitably emerges with clarity. We believe that this study will encourage people that the concept of “amateurism” to be subjected to a theoretical analysis in football and besides this it will lead to be topic of current scientific studies in the light of concepts of sports sociology, labour economics of sports and sports philosophy disciplines.

1171 - 1187

Authors: Zehra Doğan Çalışkan

The poverty is an issue involving all societies and; having social, economic, political causes and effects. Due to the complex nature of poverty it's requires a multi-face solution to research and study. In previous studies, the question of how the relationship might be between a society's institutions and poverty, were answered on the growth and development concepts. Accordingly, institutions which is working effectively, growth and development process begins, income distribution and poverty problems are solved in this way. In other words, that is established an indirect relationship between institutions and poverty. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the presence of a strong econometrical relationship between institutions and the poverty. In line with in the 2000-2010 it was established relationship between poverty indicators and institutional indicators for selected countries. By using panel data analysis, try to explain relationship between institutions and poverty. By the end of the study was reached institutional structure effects poverty and poverty rate.

1200 - 1206

Authors: Ayla Oğuz

As a problematic concept, identity refers to versatile complexities in its definition and it is clear that there has been an explosion about searching the concept. The question of subjectivity together with its formation process has a great importance in the revelation of one’s personality and in the representation of one’s identity. It can be said that a psychoanalytically influenced feminism and cultural criticism shows itself as a result of this process. In this context, all kinds of cultural identity forms such as ethnic, racial, gender and woman etc. are suitable to be studied in terms of essentialist or anti-essentialist concept of identity. For Etienne Wenger, who is an educational theorist, the concept of identity is related with such terms like participation, non-participation, exclusion and inclusion. He claims that one’s identity determines his/her ability or inability in terms of the meanings that shape his/her form of belonging. In George Orwell’s A Clergyman’s Daughter, Dorothy Hare is the main character in the novel and he is the clergyman’s daughter living in a small village, Knype Hill, in the county of Suffolk. Although Dorothy performs good works, and cultivates good thoughts she has to regain her life and accept sameness in Foucauldian concept of identity. In the study, Dorothy’s identity is analysed in terms of essentialist and anti-essentialist identity forms both in order to show her ability in her adaptation to society and to define her position and her problems of identity as a female in Britain in the beginning of the twentieth century.

1217 - 1225

Authors: Mahmud Esad Erkaya

Khalwa is an experience of spiritual education which carried out under the supervision of a sheikh and in private spaces called cilehâne. During this education, abstraction of the murid from earthly feelings, thoughts and desires, cutting off all the contact with the world and being alone with the Lord are targeted. Khalwa is based on forty-day retreat of Prophet Musa on Mount Sinai and the days of Prophet Muhammed in the Cave of Hira. Khalwa has been effective for centuries in Sufi education. Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi (d. 1893), one of the representatives of the Naksibendi order in Anatolia, has implemented khalwa in spiritual education. Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi, raised by entering into khalwa, provides important information about the importance and application of khalwa in his work, Câmiu’l-usûl fi’l-evliyâ. This book deals with many issues such as preparation for seclusion, the properties of khalwa space, the principles and procedures of khalwa and prohibitions of khalwa. According to the description of Gumushanevi, khalwa is a sufi education which carried out under the supervision and permission of a mentor. Khalwa is based on eating less, sleeping less and talking less. Every emotion and thought about the world is left outside of the khalwa room. To get closer to Allah, a lot of zikrullah is needed. There are fasting at daytimes and praying at nights during a khalwa. After forty-day training, murid emerges from khalwa and goes among people. According to Gumushanevi it is unacceptable to continuously live isolated from the community.

1236 - 1247

Authors: Safiye Genç

Human is constantly able to build new sentences and to express himself in different ways, even with a limited vocabulary. Bilingual speakers, while expressing themselves verbally, have two language systems and theirs utilities. Since human brain works goal-oriented because of its nature, it utilizes this feature in an economic way and enables this bilingual source in the most productive way. Putting less effort is not always the purpose in productivity. Achievement of the intention of speech in the most effective way and avoiding misunderstandings are also productivity. Bilinguals switch from one language to other while talking among themselves in informal settings. This code-switching is not coincident. Based on audio transcriptions of bilingual speakers, this study aims to show, that code-switching moments are related with increasing productivity in speech.

1256 - 1274

Authors: Ali Cin

From the very beginning, animals have always lived with human beings while serving us in real life or by appearing in stories, myths, legends, all in all, in all narrative genres either as heroes or as a matter of figures of speech. Some features of animals have caused them being prioritized in humans’ world of thought. They (peacocks and swans) sometimes symbolized beauty, sometimes intellect (fox) and in other cases power (lions and elephants). Unfortunately, it was stubbornness that is left to the donkey’s share. The donkey was of tremendous help to humans when the wheel was not found just as he helped transportation, farming, harvesting and water carrying. In that sense, the donkey was a heart’s major property even in city life although humans’ dependence on them lessened with the development of technology. However, because of its importance, many words, expressions and sayings included the word donkey. In Turkish, the word donkey was used to symbolize stubbornness and stupidity which is the subject of this present study which looked at the variety associated with the word donkey in Anatolian Turkish.

1290 - 1296

Authors: Dilara Arpacı-Somuncu

The present study investigates the predicting effects of pre-service teacher identity and five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience) on teacher self-efficacy among pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language. It was conducted at a state university in Turkey at the spring term of 2015-2016 academic year. A total of 155 students (sophomore N = 77; junior N = 78) participated in the study. In order to measure early teacher identity level of participants, Early Teacher Identity Measure (Friesen & Besley, 2013) was employed. Personality traits were measured by Quick Big Five Inventory (Vermulst & Gerris, 2005) while Teachers’ Sense of Self-efficacy scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk-Hoy, 2001) was used to find out participants’ self- efficacy in terms of their student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management strategies. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that each variable has positive correlations with each other. Standard multiple regression analysis indicated that early teacher identity was the best predictor for teacher self-efficacy (β = .486, t = 6.856, p < .001) which was followed by openness to experience (β = .288, t = 4.296, p < .001). As the various individual differences were seen to have interrelations in the development of teaching skills, the study concludes that individual differences may help pre-service teachers to acquire one of the most important components of being a teacher: teacher-self-efficacy.

1310 - 1319

Authors: İslam Safa Kaya

Freight shipment has became widespread, as a result of developing industry and growing need for oil in the last century. Many issues have emerged due to freight shipment becomes widespread for especially coastal states. The sea pollution that occured because of ship accidents in the last fifty years, became importance as a major international issue. Therefore states approved many local and international contract and protocol thereby frequently meetings for solution seeking. Although approved contracts, gradually increase ship accidents occurring in different types and sizes with ship-source sea pollution, have made an international issue that's constantly on the agenda. For this reason it’s quite important, the analyzing of preventive contracts for ship-source sea pollution in international law.

1329 - 1340

Authors: Şebnem Aslan, Şerife Güzel

The objective of this study is to investigate which leadership style has been performed by top management (leaders) in Turkey and reveal the perceptions of cultural in leadership. Depth interview technique that is one of qualitative methods was used within the study. The questions used in the study were chosen from the question pool (Aslan, 2013; Bennis, 1959; Cheng, Chou, Wu, Huang, & Farh, 2004; Kağıtçıbaşı, 2000; Kozan, 1993; Likert, 1979; Tannenbaum, Kimberly, & Scott, 1998) that was obtained after scanning and evaluating the national and international articles. In this context, 11 open ended questions that include cultural evaluation, which were selected as to the aim of the study, were responsed by 10 top managers in Konya. Encoding and classifying were used for evaluating the obtained data and the responses of the participants were presented directly. As a result of the study, cultural construction is a crucial variable in leadership and also affects on leadership styles.

1352 - 1361

Authors: Binnaz Kıran Esen, Binaz Bozkur, Nurcan Çiçek Gökçakan, Fatma Baykal

The purpose of this research to examine the effect of psycho-educational programs which prepared for anger management over anger and anger control level of secondary school students. Research is quasi-experimental research "pretestposttest control group design" is used. The study group consistt of 16 student. For experimental and control groups 8 students were selected taking into account gender and class levels. In this study, the members constituting the experimental group participated in the one hour each time, and based on cognitive behavioral therapy consists of 8 sessions on anger management group counseling program. There was not any program application to control group. The research results showed that the score of "state anger and anger out" of secondary school students who participating anger control training program decreased compared to the control group.

1373 - 1387

Authors: İsmail Sevinç, Kubilay Özer

Public policies changing in the world inevitably affect public administration of our country. Social state approach emerging after Second World War, after World Economic Crisis in 1970, have begun to change with new approaches and searches such as the use of techniques and practice of private sector in government structuring. Among these approaches, the one which has an important place doubtlessly has been approach of New Public Administration. This new technique applying the logic and management applications of private sector to public prioritizes to the management of human resources. In this context, by beginning to give up socialization policies in health in 1980s, adopted in 1960s, in the years of 1981, 1983, 1987 and 1990, health policies that bring private sector into the forefront have became the main topic, however, an important progress was not recorded. In 2003, when Public Administration Basic Draft failed to become law, health environment in our country started to be restructured with the reform called Transformation Program in Health. With statuary decree numbered 663, issued in 2011, structure of central organization of Ministry of Health, argued as “triad structure and strong structure”, was turned into Subsidiaries, Board of Health Policies, and Service Units. The reflection of this to Provincial Organization of Ministry of Health have been the foundation of Health Directorships in the provinces as well as Directorships of Public Health, and Secretariat of Public Hospital Unity in the provinces. In this study, the effects of global transformation experienced in health on Central and Provincial Organization of Ministry of Health have been studied.