Philosophical horizons

18-28

Authors: Blokha Ya. Ye.

V.G. Korolenko considered the basic social value orientations of the late 19th century – early 20th century in the light of the theory of Karl Marx and his Russian followers who, according to the thinker, in many ways vulgarized and simplified the teachings of Marxism adherents. V.G. Korolenko concludes that communism that is the aim for the theorists of Marxism as a philosophical, political and economic doctrine and movement seeks only to defend narrow class values, and particularly the needs of factories for providing the proletariat, forgetting about the social value orientations and values of other layers of society including intelligentsia and peasants. V.G. Korolenko reproached newly created government of the country that by rejecting the values of other social classes (especially the intelligentsia that was always followed by the common people) they had created a “barracks communism” thereby alienating the supporters of socialism in the country. Unlike the legal Marxists, including Struve and Tugan-Baranovsky, V.G. Korolenko admits that the religion is one of the major social values. Due to the fact that the thinker cannot be called a religious person, we can claim that his observations of the people’s resistance to violent imposing of atheism and his justification of the importance of spiritual and religious value orientations are objective, if detached, but at the same time they are deeply concerned and sincere. In V.G. Korolenko’s view, only the true religion is the main factor in consolidating the society because increased inciting ethnic and religious hatred that is opposite to the spirit of true Christianity suppresses a sense of justice and humanity, fundamentally corrupts society and can lead to moral savagery, especially under the decline of humanistic feelings and the weakness of the law, observed in the Russian society in the early twentieth century. Values of faith are important to Korolenko primarily because the religious faith, which is perceived mainly as an ethical value keeping from bad behavior, provides peace of mind, gives strength and hope, and creates a sense of mercy, compassion and kindness. Keywords: value orientation, legal Marxism, religion, dogmatism, faith.

40-47

Authors: Tsebriy I. V.

Analyzed values Zoroastrian temple (otoshkad) in the cultural and educational life of the ancient Iranian society, on the succession of generations in maintaining scientific tradition sages, teachers and mentors and transfer it to the younger generation. Through analysis of “Avesta” and other didactic literature of the era, we can reconstruct the activities of the temple as a comprehensive educational and educational center of its political and religious mission. For the ancient Iranians anticipated labor and physical education, physical labor and hardening (even cruel sense of the word), whose main purpose was military-patriotic training of young generation to protect the homeland and work. The outcome of primary education Zoroastrians in ancient times under the roof otoshkad considered perfect mastery of seven kinds of arts. These included: reading, writing, archery, horse riding, religious canons kiroat (read with great expressiveness) and singing, writing and expense were the lowest levels of education. As the highest level of primary education oratory and eloquence were considered. Analysis of otoshkad from Avestan texts and didactic literature of the period give grounds to conclude that the problem of training young people in them to the next life (education of patriotism, spirituality, morality, religion, fairness, respect for knowledge and understanding of the necessity of self and others.) was One of the key. Zoroastrian temples (otoshkady) were both cultural and educational centers, schools and libraries, custodians and thorough ancient traditions Southwest Asia nations. Also noteworthy is the technique of the educational process in otoshkad that combines verbal, visual and practices, as well as directing each to self. Library systems otoshkad impressive today. But their main achievement has been and remains academic oral tradition. Keywords: Ancient Iran, oshtokada, Avesta, education, self-education, sage mentor.

71-80

Authors: Voschenko B. Yu.

In the article the problem of interaction between local civilizations in the contemporary global space. It is noted that political, socio-economic and spiritual-cultural transformation of the individual social and cultural communities associated with rapid deployment of globalization. Given the definition of «transformation», which is a set of processes that determine the dynamics of social development of civilizations on the modern stage. The article gives a brief analysis of scientific research on the problems of interaction and confrontation of individual local socio-cultural communities. Analyses the concept of «local civilization», the reasonability of its use in modern research on socio-cultural transformations of individual countries or group of countries United. Distinguished traits of local civilizations. It is proved that every socio-cultural community is dynamic and can undergo significant changes over time. Traced borrowing between individual civilizations of positive and negative signs. Briefly describes the general tendencies of development of world civilizations. Identify important implications of globalization for the world in General and for some individual countries. It is proved that different civilizational community characterized by different fundamental orientation – traditional society, where the basis is the tradition, the Canon of life and the Foundation of development, and technological society, where the main credo of existence is determined through constant upgrading. Research the issue of inter-civilizational dialogue and first of all identify its capabilities are marked by profound differences in the public mentality within each type of civilizations on the basis of features of development macrocells of East and West in their dialectical contradiction. When researching the issue of transformation and interaction of local civilizations were considered two trends of this process – globalism and the so-called traditionalism. The findings indicated that continuous absorption of technogenic civilization of traditional societies will only exacerbate the conflict and complicate the search for dialogue between the two world macrocells – Eastern and Western. Identified areas for further research that will focus on the positive of globalization that will facilitate the exchange of cultural and historical experiences and the overcoming of conflicts between local civilizations. Keywords:local civilization, globalization, technological civilization, tradi-tional society, social transformation.

89-97

Authors: Sakun A.V.

The paper reveals the problem of interpretation in the context of philosophical reflections on social cognition, which is a condition for new thinking formation. It is analyzed that ambiguity of interpretation, which depends on the position of a particular philosopher, his relationship to the text that has actualized the development of social knowledge, is analyzed. An interpretation is fundamental and present at all levels of mental activity, from simple to complex concepts and theoretical and philosophical constructs. Understanding of this fact provides primary solutions of philosophical and then special epistemological problems of interpretation. These primarily include objectivity, substantiation, regulatory principles and rules, criteria for evaluation and selection of competing interpretations. In this situation, the interest represents the specific philosophical interpretation which opens the possibility to create and improve thinking, and new perspectives of understanding of the natural and the social and cultural reality. The problem of interpretation is considered in the context of the concepts and principles of justice, an agreement, “contractual point of view” and conventions, intuitional. It is understood in a broad sense as the doctrine that allows many interpretations. Evaluation of interpretations ambiguity largely depends on the position of the philosopher: if he thinks in one doctrine as “the only true” or thinks in the dialog mode of different approaches and concepts that deliberately allows a multiplicity of interpretations. Interpretation relates to the ideas of other authors – both classic and modern. The problem of interpretation should be developed in a traditional logical and methodological, analytical keys, but, first of all, in their own philosophical context, as a fundamental attribute of knowledge and activity of the subject, its existence among people, in language and culture. Keywords: meaning, interpretation, method, critical thinking, cognitive practice

107-117

Authors: Yamchuk P.N.

The article examines the ideological and semantic universals Ukrainian, essentially Christocentric European resistance massofikatsionno-totalitarian ideological systems XX-XXI Art. We studied the experience of the latest hypocrisy as a way of creating a modern totalitarian ideological systems. In particular, it is subject to a comprehensive understanding antiutopian reception D.Oruellom masofikatsionnyh policies depriving the person of his immanent nature, transformation of man into impersonal social power-driven particle mass. At the same time, to draw attention to the problem of the deprivation of their unique identity in the era of the triumph of the specifics of the consumer and the beginning of his identification with the spiritual and intellectual ideal. In that context, analyzes the conceptual tenets of the heritage of Metropolitan Hilarion (prof. I.I.Ogienko). The article also indicates ways and means of liberation from the yoke of totalitarian masofikatsionno-suppression systems of personal beginning. In particular, actualize the ideas of the British statesman and philosopher Sir Winston Churchill, who offered his model of Christian-conservative civil society development, based on axiological priorities of individual freedom, respect for traditional values, understanding of society as a free and independent union of individuals and families as the foundation of a true social progress. In this connection, he drew attention to the essential ideas of British thinker consonance with value-semantic universe of medieval Russian thinkers, from the era of Vladimir, the Baptist of Russia, Ukraine and – further – baroque pores, which certainly points to the inherently Christian-European way of transcendental Ukrainian thinking and doing. Keywords: Christian conservatism Christocentrism, massofikatsiya freedom in the Christian faith, postmodern.

126-136

Authors: Vakulina V.M., Ponomarov Yu.Yu.

Abilities that used to guard human life in the wild – such as skillful hiding and leaving the shelter on time – have translated into social life of the mankind. Throughout our lives we reach for success by mastering essential skills of concealing, weather it is disguising our true character or the lack of one. In the rush of this game we tend to replace functional acting with claims for directing the scene. Pretense for the latter overwhelms the person to the point of losing his/her humanity. In this context humanity acquires specific meaning: humanity as correlation between our capabilities and ambitions, congruity between what we have and what we think we have. Humanity here represents sensitivity to the self-organizing, playful and ever changing nature of being; responsiveness and readiness to change in the role we are engaged in. Every person, regardless of the social role, additionally acts as a Teacher – every one of us occasionally conveys information, which, we think, is obligatory for the others to assimilate. While in this role, along with translating ideas (visible message), we affect the listener in a number of other ways. Behind the visible “I” lies the invisible, the elusive shade on the appresentative side of being, the one we do not control and are not even aware of. In order to keep our humanity we need at least: - to recognize the dominant influence of the appresentative component of our being on everything that happens to us; - to remember that perception of the Other is always a reduction, which the Other has the right to oppose; - to adequately assess our contribution into the big picture of life, where everyone is merely an element of a complex self-organizing system, system free of anybody’s monopoly.This article – an attempt to answer the question “why in the era of intensive communication still remains relevant thesis that silence – the gold?” Keywords: communication, appresentation, humanity.

147-156

Authors: Golovina N. I.

In the article the author raises the problem of forming the cultural competence of students in terms of the goals of higher education reform. It proves that in educational institutions today need to face not only improving the socialization process that can generate educated people, but also the creation of a full-fledged process of inculturation, aimed at establishing a cultural competent people. Socialization involves students in educating them with the basic principles of the social interaction, social division of labor, social and functional roles of man and the ways of its entry into the social practice. It is carried out by means of inculturation as an introduction to students in basic values and meanings, and regulatory and regulatory systems of culture, criteria for evaluation and selection principles of socially acceptable forms and methods of implementation of activities undertaken in the community. These issues are somehow included in the system of knowledge about any field or specialized people’s daily activities. However, in the areas of knowledge of philosophical, social, humanitarian and artistic profile are the basis of the content of the relevant disciplines, primarily working on the formation of cultural competence of the individual. This involves a complex phenomenon: competence in relation to the institutional norms of the social organization; competence in relation to the conventional rules of social and cultural regulation; competence in relation to the short-term, but samples topical social prestige; competence expressed in the level of completeness and freedom of ownership different languages of social communication. Educational content and features of cultural competence must comply socio-cultural type of society and simulate a person, more or less for this type of modal. One of the biggest challenges of the education system is an adequate understanding of the essential characteristics and typological features of the cultural value system, which really dominates the society and should be implemented in social practice. The problem of national education is to determine what kind of cultural competence is needed now and to future generations of Ukrainians, a socio-cultural type of society with the appropriate parameters of social solidarity and personal identity, it should provide. Keywords:socialization, inculturation, social relevance, cultural competence.