Historical studies of social progress

15-18

Authors: BIRIOVA O. Yu.

The article is devoted to the research of the land property in Slobidska Ukraine. In middle of the XVII century the territory of Slobozhanshchina was not inhabited. New inhabitants have moved to this land. All classes had the right to freely use the land. Permission to land given Colonels. the land can be sold, though officially it was forbidden. The illegal territory was confiscated. In the thirties of the XVIII century created the organization for the legal accounting documents. Key words: land ownership, buying, property, settlement, colonel.

27-31

Authors: CHUMACHENKO O. A.

The article studies the Mykyta Yukhymovych Shapoval’s early period of life (childhood and youth) who was a leading figure of the Ukrainian Central Rada, member of the UNR Directory governments, the leader of Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries in exile in Czechoslovakia, the head of the Ukrainian Sociological Institute in Prague. The main attention is paid to the formation and establishment of socialist convictions of young Ukrainian revolutionary. Keywords: Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party, socialism, Ukrainian movement, forestry.

46-54

Authors: KASKOVA L. F., NIKOLISHIN A. K., ZAYTSEV A. V., ARTEMY’EV A. V.

Based on the study of scientific materials developed in the fundamental theoretical study of dental caries at different times and on the basis of its own study odontology collections belonging to people of different ages (from the Copper Age to the Middle Ages), a comparative theories about the factors determining the emergence and development of pathology. It is found that the factor of the food effect on other causes of dental caries, and there is output of interacting factors. On the charts the evolution of caries areas identified it as the dental organ pathology and like human pathology. Graphically found one in a series of interrelated exponents that usually characterize the development of live systems in biology. It shows the effect of the general rules on the transformation of quantity into quality, but not once, as periodically. It follows that the beginning of one of these exponents associated with some qualitative change in the human body, which led to changes in the teeth-jaw system to the state in which it is now. And the end of exhibitors indicates that there will be new qualitative changes affecting both the teeth-jaw system and body as a whole. This study shows that the attraction to the problems associated with biological phenomena, comparative evolutionary methods, used for the first time by Mechnikov I.I. can bring deadlock problem in the way of solving it. These findings may serve as a guide for further in-depth study of anthropological material, which can give not generalized and applied conclusions. Apparently, the true reasons for the emergence and development of caries can be established only after a thorough study of its manifestations in the teeth of the skeletons of the last communities from ancient times. Most likely, these studies will be used techniques have emerged in recent years of integrated science. However, it should mention that we obtained graphs apply only to the ancient population of the territory of the Left-Bank Ukraine. Keywords: caries, skeleton, teeth, graphics, era.

60-66

Authors: FEDYUN O. I.

This article cast light upon the development of the historical science in Ukrainian Soviet Socialistic Republic during the second half of XX century( 1950 – 1980-s). The following question is reviled through historiography , which allows to make more precise conclusion about approaches of soviet Ukrainian historians in their works. Soviet historical science deals muchg with ideology and myths, in its work was based on the regulations and guidelines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, as a whole,is not a positive feature for history as scientific knowledge. The leading role of the Communist Party could be felt on all levels of life in Soviet society - from everyday life to science.Taking into account the strict control by the totalitarian Soviet regime of the scientific community in the country, history of the given period differs by bias and prejudice that are not typical for historical science at all. In this basis, today the question of the state of historical science in Soviet society in the second half of the twentieth century looks rather interesting . This study reveals some aspects of this question by analyzing key historiographical works Ukrainian Soviet historians 1950s – 1980s. In the article outlined and analyzed desired for scientists research issues, identified positive aspects of work and its drawbacks. Comparing the general political mood in Ukraine with scientific conjuncture in the historic environment, the work draws parallels between the official party line and content-ideological content historiographical works of the given period. Thus, such works as «Essays of historical science», «Historiography of the history of Ukrainian SSR», «History of historical science in the USSR», «Pre-October period», «Historiography of the history of USSR: problems of the teaching and study» and others. act as typical works that were the product of their own period. It should be noted that in the article also underlined the positive aspects of these works, which indicates that during work with scientific literature, the author tried to be as objective as possible. It should be emphasized that the analysis of scientific publications 1950 – 1980’s done without separation of it from its historical period, which namely mach the demands of the principle of historicism. Author traced that the main trend to writing scientific papers were identified with the existing political regime, for example, in the works of the leading role of the Communist Party has always appeared on the agenda and the basic provisions of the Marxist-Leninist doctrine were made dogmatic. Another positive feature of the article is that it analyzes not only the conceptual content of Soviet historical works but also outlined the organizational aspects of writing – from financial matters to individual cases during publishing. Historical and historiographical works in the article are considered in chronological order according to the year of its publishing. So, in this article work presented in accordance with certain milestones so-called «classical» Soviet period («thaw», «stagnation», «perestroika»). Equally important for the study is that in the article presented both collective work and monumental monographs, dissertations and research. This helps to reveal more precise picture of the situation of historical science in Soviet society and to identify the range of issues that interested scientists in the period of Soviet history. Thus, the author outlined the range of issues, often studied by Ukrainian Soviet historians, among them: the history of the Great October Revolution, the collective construction of socialist competition, the Great Patriotic War, industrial and agricultural development, growth improvement of the Soviet people, the history of the Communist Party and others. Among the factual information and analysis the core of the works, the article deals with the psychological state of Soviet historians in the USSR, who worked under total control of totalitarian state. The study also reveals how Ukrainian historians successfully combined the requirements of the official party line, which included coverage of historical events and facts with regard to their demands and elements of national history, where the emphasis was made on the unique features of Ukrainian events and personalities. As a whole, the article of Fedyun O. I meets the modern demands of history, research topic is upto- date to the study, all the requirements for execution are designed in strict sequence. The article can be recommended for publication. Keywords: historiography, the CPSU, indoctrination, a cliche, the official line of the party.

72-82

Authors: KOROL V. Yu.

In the article position of soviet prisoners of war is analysed in the Great Domestic wartime, fate of Ukrainian soldiers which got in the German captivity as a rcoult miscalculations and errors of soviet guidance. Keywords: prisoner of war, World war II, stalag, the Third Geneva Convention, ghetto, Khorolska yama.

87-99

Authors: SHEVCHUK I. I.

The paper analyses the doctoral dissertation and the monograph by Zdanovich V.V. devoted to the historiography of history of Belarus during of the Great Patriotic war. Misunderstanding and a low standard of knowledge of the basic theoretical principles and methods of historiographical research, that manifests the candidate for a doctoral degree, are proved in this paper. As a result of such incompetence the reconstruction of the moving forces and trends of the scientific thought relating to the problem, raised by the author of dissertation, is certain to be impossible. And this is demonstrated by the reviewed works. Accordingly the conclusions made by V.Zdanovich are of no scientific value. Furthermore emerging works of such a low quality characterizes to a certain extent the state and the level of institutional forms of research into the history of Belarus during World War II ( Great Patriotic War). Keywords: historiography, World War II, Great Patriotic War, partisan movement, underground struggle, dissertation, scientific monograph, historiographic source, competitor, scientific criticism, archive.

113-125

Authors: KRYZHANIVSKYI V. M.

The report reconstructs courses of life and science of research and educational staff who worked in Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv University in Soviet time. Key words: research and education staff, University, Department, Administration, assistent