International Journal of Research and Review

1-5

Authors: Violet Nakhungu Momanyi

Untold losses of livestock are caused by various poisonous plant families each year globally, through death, physical malformation, abortion and lowered gain. Such families include; Solanaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphobiaceae and Cucubitaceae, where paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) belongs. The main objective of the study was to carry out acute toxicity test of crude cucurbitacin in the ripe fruits of paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) and determine its lethal dose (LD50) on laboratory rats. The crude extract of paddy melon was highly lethal, with an LD50 of 0.68g/kg body weight.

12-15

Authors: Sunil Jayant Kulkarni

Biochemical reactions are utilized in wastewater treatment and synthesis of many compounds such as lactic acid, citric acid, ethanol etc. The biochemical reactions used in wastewater treatment are characterized by substrate concentration, biomass concentration, retention time, cell mass concentration and growth rate. The rate of substrate utilization and cell growth defines the effectiveness and kinetics of biological reactions. Monod growth kinetics is often used for explaining kinetics of substrate utilization. Many investigators have carried out investigations on biological reactions and their kinetics. Current review summarizes research carried out on kinetics of substrate utilization and cell growth in biological reactions.

21-29

Authors: Muhammad Yahaya Musa

This paper looks at information and communication Technology (ICT) as a tool the secretaries use in executing their tasks for achieving success at work, the paper discussed the duties of the secretary, the secretary as office manager as well as how the secretary could succeed in managing the available office technology facilities. The paper concludes that for effective and efficient management of office technology facilities, the secretary requires continuous learning, acquisition of new working skills, knowledge and experience which is ever changing in these technologically implied offices. At the end the paper made some recommendations to the secretaries.

35-39

Authors: Shikhaa Mahajan, Neeru Bhaskar, Suvarna Prasad, Sunita Manhas, K.S. Sodhi, Saurabh Gupta

Introduction: TB is a common cause of pleural effusion in countries like India where it is highly prevalent this study was designed to find out the role of ADA estimation in differentiation of TPE and non-TPE and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADA levels in TPE. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based study comprising of 73 patients, of either sex or age more than 20 years. They were divided into 2 groups: TPE and Non- TPE. Results: Out of 73, 42 were TPE patients and 31 were Non-TPE patients. The mean age of 73 patients was 45.11  15.71 years. Mean age of TPE patients was 43.69  16.27 years and Non- TPE patients was 47.03 14.95 years. Mean ADA levels in all TPE patients was 68.362  21.55 IU/L and in Non- TPE patients was 23.34  7.54 IU/L, p<0.0001.The sensitivity and specificity of ADA was 100%. Conclusion: ADA level of less than 40 IU/L virtually excludes the tubercular etiology in PE cases and thus may be useful in differentiating tuberculous etiology from other causes of PE. Although we have many methods for the diagnosis of TB, for example PCR, AFB staining and culture but these methods are costly, time consuming and do not provide enough sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, ADA estimation being a low cost, simple, rapid and non-invasive test should become an integral part of the diagnostic work up of PE in suspected cases of tuberculosis. As India has a high prevalence of TB and the sensitivity and specificity of this test is high in this population.

43-45

Authors: Bashir B. M, Saddiku M. S, Maiyaki A. S, Abubakar I. U

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurs more common in developed countries and is relatively unusual /rare in Africa, Asia and South America. Incidence in developing countries is likely to increase due to increasing endoscopic equipment. IBD could mimic other intestinal conditions like Amoebiasis, shigellosis, intestinal schistosomiasis and appendicitis. We are reporting an interesting case of a young nulliparous woman who initially presented with features of Acute appendicitis and was diagnosed later to have ulcerative colitis.

54-57

Authors: Sarika Saxena, Alka Saxena

There has been a revolution in health care in the last 50 years as a result of new technologies and treatment. In the new world of nursing practice, legal liability for professional nursing conduct was emerged as an immediate concern. The role of professional nurse has changed in a pragmatic sense from one of legal responsibility of to one of legal accountability. Health care delivery system has group as an industry today and health service consumers are better informed than in the past about health and illness through news papers, magazines, television and multimedia. In view of the above changes investigator felt that information booklet must be an effective option in enhancing the knowledge of staff nurses on legal responsibilities of nurses. By this study investigator planned to determine the acceptance and utilization of information booklet among the staff nurses. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an information booklet on legal responsibilities of nurses in terms of knowledge of staff nurses and to seek its relationship with selected factors in selected Government Hospitals of M.P. The conceptual framework of the study was based on system model. An evaluative research approach with one group pre-test post test design was utilized in the study. The systematic random sampling technique was used to obtain an adequate size of sample. The sample comprised of 50 staff nurses working in the clinical area. The tools developed and utilized for data collection were as follows: structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge level of staff nurses on legal responsibilities. The major findings of the study were the mean post-test knowledge score was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score. The post knowledge score were found to be associated with the age and clinical experience. Besides that, professional education has not only has relationship with the post-test knowledge score. The information booklet was found to be highly acceptable by the staff nurses.

65-70

Authors: WODU, Ebizimor, Ogbomade, Ronami Sampson, FRANK-OPUTU, Ayibaene

The effects of two nucleoside analogue class of antiretroviral drugs, abacavir sulfate and lamivudine on methaemoglobin concentration and methaemoglobin reductase activity in the erythrocytes of wistar rats were investigated. Drugs at dosage 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mg/l00g body weight of lamivudine; and 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2mg/l00g body weight of abacavir sulfate were administered orally by intubation. Blood samples were collected from the experimental animals by cardiac puncture. Spectrophotometric methods were used to ascertain the methemoglobin concentrations and the activity of NADH methaemoglobin reductase (NADH MR). The results revealed that both drugs increased methaemoglobin concentrations. The increase from 1.53±0.11 to 3.53±0.03 in the presence of abacavir sulfate was significant (p<0.05), while lamivudine cause a non-significant (p>0.05) increase from 1.52±0.11 to 1.61±0.03. Methaemoglobin reductase activity decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 5.50±0.13 to 3.74±0.01 in the presence of abacavir sulfate, while the decrease from 5.21±0.09 to 4.90±0.02 due to lamivudine was not significant (p<0.05). To an extent both drugs adversely affected erythrocytes metabolism, thus compromising its important role of maintaining haemoglobin in its reduced state for oxygen transport.