Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

51-58

Authors: Md. Abdus Samad, Shamol Chandra Barman, Sujit Kumar Chatterjee, Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Alok Kumar PaulMd. Mustafizur Rahman

Objective: To conduct on sustainable fingerling production technique of endangered Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) (L. calbasu) based on different protein levels in ponds. Methods: The experiment was carried out under rearing pond in fish hatchery complex with three treatments group each having three replicates under department of fisheries, University of Rajshahi. L. calbasu were stocked at 41990/ha in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The initial length of L. calbasu in three treatments were (4.60 ± 0.10) cm and initial weights were (3.48 ± 0.01) g. Fishes were fed with 28%, 30%, 32% protein supplement for T1, T2, T3, respectively. The fishes were initially fed at 10% of body weight on 1st and 2nd fortnight. Then it was decreased at 8% of body weight on 3rd and 4th fortnight. Finally in 5th fortnight they were fed 5% of body weight. The physico-chemical characteristics of pond water were measured fortnightly. Results: The mean final weight gain was found highest in T3 (40.87 ± 0.01) g which was significant compared to T1 and T2. SGR (% bwd–1) was found 2.83 ± 0.02 (T1), 3.04 ± 0.01 (T2) and 3.39 ± 0.01 (T3). The highest survival rate of L. calbasu was found in T3 (90.00 ± 1.00) and the lowest was found in T1 (87.00 ± 1.00). The best FCR (1.54 ± 0.01) was observed in T 3 fed with 32% protein supplement. The highest production was observed in T3 (1672.20 ± 16.96 kg/ha/75 days) and lowest was observed in T1 (1055.50 ± 29.04 kg/ha/75 days). The highest net benefit was calculated in T3 (260663.00 ± 4326.88 tk.) and lowest was found in T1 (112831.00 ± 7383.66 tk.). The CBR was found 0.60 ± 0.04, 0.80 ± 0.02 and 1.16 ± 0.02 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. There were significant differences in CBR values among the three treatments. Conclutions: In this study, growth parameters i.e., weight gain, SGR (% bwd–1), length gain, total yield were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in T3 treatment fed with 32% protein supplemented diets.

66-69

Authors: Wanigasekara Daya Ratnasooriya Sachitra Gayanthi Ratnasooriya, Chatura Dayendra Tissa Ratnasooriya, Ranga Dissanayake

Objective: To investigate the antifungal potential of different grades of Sri Lankan orthodox black tea [orange pekoe, broken orange pekoe fannings (BOPF) and Dust No. 1] belonging to the three agro-climatic elevations (low, mid and high). Methods: Antifungal activity was assessed in vitro using methanolic extracts (300 µg/disc) and agar disc diffusion bioassay technique against three Candida species, Candida albicans (C. albicans), Candida glabrata (C. glabrata), and Candida tropicalis. ketoconazole and itraconazole mixture was used as positive control (10 µg/disc) and methanol was used as the negative control. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were also determined using standard protocols. Results: None of the extracts were effective against Candida tropicalis. Furthermore, orange pekoe grade tea belonging to all agro-climatic elevations did not induce any antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata as well. Conversely, Dust No. 1 belonging to all three agro-climatic elevations and low-grown BOPF showed moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata. Interestingly, the severity of the antifungal effect varied with agroclimatic elevations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 64.00–128.00 µg/mL against C. glabrata and 128.00-256.00 µg/mL against C. albicans. Conclusions: Sri Lankan Dust No. 1 and BOPF have marked antifungal activity in vitro and offer promise to be used as a supplementary beverage in prophylaxis and during drug treatment in candidiasis.

77-81

Authors: Chukwugozie Nwachukwu Okwuosa, Nkiruka Chinonyelum Azubike, Daniel Chukwu Nwachukwu, Augustine Chukwudum Onuba, Elvis Neba Shu

Objective: To investigate the effect of crude methanolic extract of Combretum racemosum (C. racemosum) leaves on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in rats. Methods: Phytochemical and acute toxicity tests were performed. Anti-secretory activity of C. racemosum extract was investigated in pyloric ligated rats administered histamine. Gastric juice was collected from all the animals and the volume, titratable acidity, pH and mucus content were measured. The effect of C. racemosum extract on calcium chloride induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum suspended in high potassium, calcium-deficient depolarizing solution was investigated. The H2 receptor antagonistic potency was also evaluated using the isolated non-gravid rat uterus. Results: Phytochemistry revealed the presence of abundant amounts of saponins and moderate amounts of glycosides, terpenoids, proteins, reducing sugar, resins, alkaloids, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The oral LD50 of the extract was greater than 8 000 mg/kg body weight in mice. Pretreatment of pyloric ligated rats with C. racemosum prior to histamine administration significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the volume of gastric juice and titratable acidity, and significantly increased (P < 0.001) gastric pH and gastric mucus when compared to the negative control. Both doses of C. racemosum protected rats significantly (P < 0.001) from histamine-induced ulceration. C. racemosum potently inhibited contractions evoked by calcium chloride in a dose-dependent and reversible manner with an IC50 of 1 132 µg/mL. It also antagonized the relaxant effect of histamine on the isolated rat uterus in a manner comparable to cimetidine. Conclusions: The leaves of C. racemosum possess gastric anti-secretory and anti-ulcer effects and justify its use in traditional medicine in South-East Nigeria for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

88-94

Authors: Dinesh Kumar Patel

American wormseed oil, also known as Chenopodium ambrosioides oil, is obtained from the herbs of the genus Chenopodium which comprises more than 200 species and belongs to the geographical region of Asia, Europe, China, India, America and other countries. Chenopodium has been traditionally used for digestive, respiratory, diabetes, uro-genital, nervous and vascular disorders and has antihelminthic, vermifuge, emmenagogue sedative, antipyretic, antirheumatic and abortifacient activities. Ascaridole is a bicyclic monoterpene commonly known as ascarisin or 1,4-epidioxy-p-menth-2-ene which have sedative, antifungal and painrelieving properties. It is a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania amazonensis and is well known for its worm-expelling potential. Ascaridole was firstly isolated by a German pharmacist in the 1900’s and at that time it was one of the best antihelmintics for the treatment of ascarids and hookworms in humans and other species like cats, dogs, horses and pigs. Ascaridole could be extracted by using a non-polar solvent hexane due to its very poor solubility in water. From the literature support, it has been proved that ascaridole have very high potential in the modern and other system of medicine for the treatment of various disorders. So on the basic of its uses, here we have collected and compiled all the data regarding its medicinal uses, pharmacological activities and analytical techniques of the ascaridole in the present review and expected that this review will be beneficial for the researcher in the field of medicine and other allied science.