Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

330-335

Authors: Semra Benzer, Recep Benzer, Aysel Çağlan Günal

Objective: To analyze the growth prediction results of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) with two methods of length-weight relation (LWR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Methods: We examine the relationships between total length and total weight; carapace length and total weight; carapace length and total length for Astacus leptodactylus caught from Eğirdir Lake between 2013 and 2014. Length weight relation is used as a traditional method and artificial neural networks as a new approach. Results: The research is based on a sample of 222 crayfish [34% (75 individual) female, 66% (147 individual) male]. The outcomes of the research can be summarized as follows: average total length is 128.40 mm for female and 135.50 mm for male; average total weight is 59.79 g for female and 82.95 g for male crayfish. LWR equation was found to be W = 0.054 251 96 L2.73 for females, W = 0.052 721 02 L2.81 for males, and W = 0.035 898 89 L2.94 for the entire sample, regardless of gender. The results acquired from ANNs and LWR are analyzed to those obtained by the growth rate of crayfish caught from Eğirdir Lake. Conclutions: LWR and ANNs mean absolute percentage error results were examined. ANNs provide better results than the LWR. ANNs can be considered as an alternative for growth estimation.

343-349

Authors: Walimuni Kanchana Subhashini Mendis Abeysekera1*, Sirimal Premakumara Galbada Arachchige2, Wanigasekara Daya Ratnasooriya3, Naduviladath Vishvanath Chandrasekharan4, Amitha Priyadarshanie Bentota5

Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and nutritional properties of selected traditional rice varieties of Sri Lanka. Methods: Twenty three rice varieties were selected. All the varieties were studied for grain colour, grain size and shape as physicochemical properties, while for nutritional properties, moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and total carbohydrate contents were studied. Only selected set of varieties were studied for total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. These properties were studied using internationally accepted standard techniques. Results: The results showed significant (P < 0.05) difference in the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the studied varieties. Out of 23 varieties tested, 20 varieties were red rices, while the rest were white rices. The grain size and shape were mostly medium bold (30%) and short bold (56%). The mean moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and total carbohydrate contents of selected varieties varied from (10.42 ± 0.25)% to (12.33 ± 0.02)%, (1.30 ± 0.14)% to (1.92 ± 0.05)%, (10.59 ± 0.12)% to (13.27 ± 0.32)%, (2.18 ± 0.10)% to (4.12 ± 0.28)% and (81.42 ± 0.25)% to (85.66 ± 0.24)%, respectively. The selected varieties had total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents in the range of 4.2%–6.9%, 0.8%–2.1% and 3.1%–4.8%, respectively. The varieties Pachchaperumal, Suduru samba, Wanni Dahanala, Gonabaru and Sudu Heeneti had the highest crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, total carbohydrate and dietary fiber contents, respectively. Conclusions: Selected traditional rice varieties of Sri Lanka had physicochemical properties preferred by consumers and nutritional properties with dietary importance.

356-359

Authors: Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode, Godspower Okoh, Chinyere Jacobs, Shuaibu Gidado Adamu, Samson Amali Onyilokwu

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial organisms from raw milk of cows in Gwagwalada and determine their susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Methods: A total of 120 samples of milk were obtained from lactating cows that were at different stages of postpartum from six different locations in Gwagwalada metropolis. Samples were subjected to Microbact™ 24E system identification, isolation and characterization of isolates, and antibiotics susceptibility test. Results: The most prevalent organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (34.1%), Escherichia coli (27.3%) and Bacillus species (18.2%) while the least isolated were Salmonella species (11.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0%). The highest resistance patterns were shown by Staphylococcus aureus which displayed resistance to five drugs: amoxicillin, ampiclox, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. The least resistance was displayed by Bacillus species which were resistant to only two drugs, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol. Pseudomonas aeroginosa dissipated the highest pattern susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin and streptomycin while Salmonella species showed the lowest pattern of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin only. Other microorganisms dissipated susceptibility patterns ranging from 16.6%–100.0%. Conclusions: This study documented the occurrence of bacterial flora in raw milk of apparently healthy lactating cows in the Gwagwalada area. The variation in patterns of multidrug resistance and susceptibilities in our studies may lead to possibility of transfer of antibiotic resistance from raw milk consumers. More studies are required using higher molecular techniques to expose different species of microorganisms causing milk borne illness and their antibiotic resistant genes.

365-370

Authors: Kanika Patel, Vikas Kumar, Amita Verma, Dinesh Kumar Patel

Nature is the source of the various raw chemicals in the form of oils, food supplement, neutraceuticals, and colour pigments. A lot of presently existing drugs available in the market mainly belong to the natural sources including the plants, animal, microorganism, minerals and marine source. Flavonoids, benzo-c-pirone derivates are one of the main secondary flavonoid liable for the different shades of flowers like orange, yellow and red color. More than 4 000 flavonoids like flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, flavanonols and flavones are found in the different edible plants which are also found in the regular human diet. Flavonoids are present in vegetables, spices, tea, whole grains, fruits, wine, herbs and seeds. Gossypin, a flavonol glucoside, is present in the flowers of different plants like Gossypium indicum, Hibiscus esculentus and Hibiscus vitifolius and is one of the major chemical of plants belonging to ‘Malvaceae’ family. In the present review, we have collected all the information of gossypin and found that it has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anticataract, antidiabetic, analgesic and hepatoprotective activities. It also protects against beta-amyloid induced toxicity. The information provided in the present review will be beneficial to the researchers of the various field of science for the development of better alternate for various disorders. On the basis of the presented database of this review we can conclude that gossypin has various beneficial effects and it could be used for the treatment of various disorders.