The History of Land Transport

3-11

Authors: Nicholas Asiedu

This paper analyzes the motivations behind two projects, “Women Moving the City” and “Women Moving Trucks” in the commercial transport industry of Ghana under the purview of the cultural ecofeminist. Evidently, the industry is mainly dominated by men however, the disproportionate representation of women, poor regulatory arrangements and questionable driving attitude of male drivers have led to high rates of accidents. The projects, which recruited and trained only females to drive buses and heavy-duty trucks in Accra and Takoradi underscored certain essential attributes that consider the female drivers over their male colleagues because of certain essential but intimate associations they possess. Accordingly, the goal of mainstreaming a proportionate representation of females in the commercial transport and logistics industries as well as encouraging male drivers to adopt a more ‘feminine’ driving style has been accorded with priority. The paper reviews that the ideology of essentializing women driving style over men can weaken the mainstreaming goal of the projects in the future. Relevance on raising awareness, building self-confidence and expanding choices, increasing people’s access to and control over resources in the commercial transport industry should be prioritized.

22-29

Authors: Evgeny O. Vitsin, Boris Ya. Bendersky

In this article, methods for reducing the thermal stress of the piston of an internal combustion engine were disclosed. An informational review of this topic was made, and in particular, an analysis of existing piston cooling systems and ways to improve the cooling efficiency was carried out. The choice was made the most efficient method of cooling. It also describes the device of the piston cooling system, as well as modern approaches to solving this problem. Calculation schemes for piston heat exchange and a scheme for changing the oil temperature on the piston surface and the irrigation density depending on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft are presented. The essence of oil cooling using a jet nozzle is described. The piston cooling has been calculated for the KamAZ six-cylinder in-line engine, from which it follows that 0.6 l/min is needed to cool one piston, certain conclusions have been made.