The History of Land Transport

3-11

Authors: Nicholas Asiedu

This paper analyzes the motivations behind two projects, “Women Moving the City” and “Women Moving Trucks” in the commercial transport industry of Ghana under the purview of the cultural ecofeminist. Evidently, the industry is mainly dominated by men however, the disproportionate representation of women, poor regulatory arrangements and questionable driving attitude of male drivers have led to high rates of accidents. The projects, which recruited and trained only females to drive buses and heavy-duty trucks in Accra and Takoradi underscored certain essential attributes that consider the female drivers over their male colleagues because of certain essential but intimate associations they possess. Accordingly, the goal of mainstreaming a proportionate representation of females in the commercial transport and logistics industries as well as encouraging male drivers to adopt a more ‘feminine’ driving style has been accorded with priority. The paper reviews that the ideology of essentializing women driving style over men can weaken the mainstreaming goal of the projects in the future. Relevance on raising awareness, building self-confidence and expanding choices, increasing people’s access to and control over resources in the commercial transport industry should be prioritized.

22-29

Authors: Evgeny O. Vitsin, Boris Ya. Bendersky

In this article, methods for reducing the thermal stress of the piston of an internal combustion engine were disclosed. An informational review of this topic was made, and in particular, an analysis of existing piston cooling systems and ways to improve the cooling efficiency was carried out. The choice was made the most efficient method of cooling. It also describes the device of the piston cooling system, as well as modern approaches to solving this problem. Calculation schemes for piston heat exchange and a scheme for changing the oil temperature on the piston surface and the irrigation density depending on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft are presented. The essence of oil cooling using a jet nozzle is described. The piston cooling has been calculated for the KamAZ six-cylinder in-line engine, from which it follows that 0.6 l/min is needed to cool one piston, certain conclusions have been made.

3-10

Authors: Nikita A.Ehlakov, Boris Ya. Bendersky

Modeling complete of gas-dynamic processes proceeding in the intake manifold of a diesel engine, using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software package, includes all of its stages: from creating geometry, determining gas properties and describing physical phenomena, to customizing the solution and the post-processing process. The mathematical model is a model of an ideal compressible gas, described by a system consisting of four equations: the equation of state of an ideal gas, continuity, momentum and energy conservation. The working substance in the intake process is air, in this case has been the ideal gas. At t = 0 are set for the whole calculation area: temperature, pressure and velocity. As a result, were obtained graphs of changes in velocity and pressure on the surface of receivers of various geometries.

18-25

Authors: Mariya N. Mihaleva, Victoriya A.Chekulaeva

It justifies urgency of the study of the dependence of the number of passengers transported by public transport of the Russian Federation on various factors. The type of model is chosen and a linear multi-factor model of the dependence of the number of passenger traffic on the length of roads, population, average income, diesel fuel prices, the number of air traffic and the dollar rate is built. The tendencies of development of all factors are defined, their forecasting is made. Based on the forecast of these factors, the forecast of the number of passenger traffic in the Russian Federation is obtained, the dependence of the forecast on the trends in the development of factors is determined. The regularities of changes in the number of passengers transported in the Russian Federation, depending on the population.

32-37

Authors: Sergei Yu. Ushiyarov, Aleksei N. Terent'ev

In solving the tasks of developing the country's fuel and energy base, the oil and gas industry play a leading role. Every year the oil industry is equipped with new, more modern equipment. The main direction of technical re-equipment is the widespread introduction into production of modern achievements of science and technology. The peculiarity of the oil industry is that the increase in oil production occurs due to the commissioning of reserved wells and the restoration of inactive wells. In the coming years, the number of used pumping units of greater unit capacity will be increased. The operational reliability of pumps is one of the main factors determining the successful execution of oil production tasks. As a result, great attention should be paid to the reliable operation of components and parts of pumping units. In this article we will look at the design and main problems of pumping equipment such as CNS.

4-14

Authors: Georgii Giorgadze

Tbilisi is a modern capital city with a population above 1 million inhabitants, like many other similar cities is under severe pressure from results of urbanization. The most "heavy" topics for municipal agencies are environmental unbalance and saturation of vehicles in urban space. An important step in understanding of the coexistence of urban transport and cultural heritage for Tbilisi was the project funded by the European Union to improve the management of the river Mtkvari (Kura). The project is based on the idea of active use of the historic neighborhoods Rica (Peski) and Meidani by way of the festival space on the river Mtkvari.

29-38

Authors: Eugene A. Korepanov

In the course of the work, a review and analysis of the work on the creation of engines with variable compression ratio was performed. The task of the work is to analyze the effect of compression on the effective performance of the engine. Two thermal calculations of the internal combustion power with different compression ratios of 10.3 and 14 were carried out. Two indicator diagrams were constructed. Tax accounting and economic statistics.

51-58

Authors: Vadim A. Naumov, Aleksei N. Terentev

One of the directions of development of the world automotive industry is the creation of an environmentally friendly, economical, with good driving characteristics and a large margin of the car. From this point of view, the most promising are cars with combined plants operating on two or more sources of energy. The most common "hybrid" is the combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Coordination of the work of these two propulsions requires careful attention.

70-76

Authors: Aleksei V. Zorin

During the work the present state of the internal combustion engine analysis, and the prospects for its use. The classification in most schemes currently used in engines combined is represented. The result calculation of most common pattern of the combined engine is represented. The opinion on the work is done.

4-10

Authors: Ia Shiukashvili

The article analyzes the current development of electromobile industry in the world. The attention is paid to the efforts of the major automotive corporations in project activities to create the economical electric vehicle. The materials for the preparation of this article are the media archives, web sites of car companies, analytical reviews of automotive markets, as well as the scientific literature. In conclusion, the author notes that perhaps the society is now witnessing a breakthrough in the history of electric vehicles. To date, their distribution is constrained not only bythe technological, but also by the economic and political factors. Despite the existing pressure from the automotive and oil industry, we need to understand that the future is in "clean" modes of transport.

18-31

Authors: Taras L. Cherniya, Aleksei N. Terenteva

The paper presents the information and constructive review of the boxer engine counterparts and types of modern engines boost. The authors conducted the thermal calculation on the basis of which there are received the technical parameters of reciprocating engine, working volume of 1500 cm3 with turbo.We consider the estimates of the main technical parameters boxer engine with a turbocharger. In conclusion the authors give the design of the internal combustion of engine boxer, as well as the principle functioning of its systems. The article presents the description of the working principle of various systems of pressurization.

4-17

Authors: Dmitriy V. Kudinov

The participation of white- and blue- color workers in strikes on Sumy line of Kharkiv-Nikolaev railway in October-December of 1905th are examined as a typical issue of strike movement (with peaceful notification) on secondary railway lines. The reasons of economic matter common to railway personnel of Russia are stated. The chronology of strike movement is reconstructed, the names of its most active participants are specified and their fates after arrests are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the activity of railway personnel on revolutionary movement development in Sumy uyezd and their conjunct attempts together with Peasant Union organization to establish control over the region.

26-30

Authors: Petr V. Kabanov, Aleksei N. Terentev

The article studies the characteristics of two-stroke engine with a crank-purge valve. It allows you to effectively carry out the purge process, thus cooling the piston head and cylinder wall, which favorably affect the effective performance of the engine. Direct injection allows us to bring the fuel to the end of the compression process, after closing of the exhaust valve that reduces the loss of fresh charge.