Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

171-181

Authors: Elisa Iswandono, Ervizal Amir Muhammad Zuhud, Agus Hikmat, Nandi Kosmaryandi

Ruteng mountains are inhabited by the tribe Manggarai. Local community in the mountains of Ruteng have ethnobotany knowledge in utilization forest plant to meet their needs. Loss of traditional knowledge would have negative impacts on forest resources, because the indigenous people would have less knowledge on sustainable ways to manage the existing forest resources so that a research is required to identify the status of traditional knowledge. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge of ethnobotany, retention rate, and the rate of change of the annual retention on the indigenous people in the Ruteng mountains. The research was conducted in the Kampung Mano, Lerang, and Wae Rebo, Manggarai District within the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur in the period of JulyDecember 2014. Data was obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), semi-structured interviews with 90 respondent, and in-depth interviews. Data obtained were analyzed for the level of ethnobotany knowledge, ethnobotany retention index, and testing the significance of the factors that affect the level of knowledge with Kruskal Wallis test and Man Whitney. The results of the study shows that the Manggarai communities in the Mountains of Ruteng have local knowledge to meet daily needs, especially food, and medicine through the utilization of forest plant. The level of ethnobotany knowledge is high because they use forest plants, practice traditional rituals, and inheritance knowledge. The ethnobotany knowledge of young generation decreased which can give negatif impact to forest conservation. Keywords: ethnobotany knowledge, forest plant, Manggarai tribe, Ruteng, traditional

191-200

Authors: Raden Haryo Bimo Setiarto, Betty Sri Laksmi Jenie, Didah Nur Faridah, Iwan Saskiawan

Prebiotics are food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon. Resistant starch (RS) is the starch that can not be digested by digestive enzymes and resistant to gastric acid so it can reach the colon to be fermented by probiotic bacteria. There are treatments to increase the content of RS such as: autoclaving-cooling cycling, combination of lintnerized with autoclaving-cooling, and combination of debranching pullulanase with autoclaving-cooling. The results of techno-economical study showed that the combination of fermentation followed by autoclaving-cooling can be used as an alternative technique to increase the content of resistant starch in food more effectively and efficiently. Keywords: autoclaving-cooling; food ingredients; lintnerized; prebiotic; pullulanase; resistant starch

213-222

Authors: Ferawati Runtuboi, Frida Aprilia Loinenak, Fanny Fransina Simatauw, Yehiel Hendry Dasmasela

The native fishermen are distributed in Manokwari coastal and have currently limited access to fisheries resource. This condition give vulnerable risk to potential utilization of fisheries resources to face vulnerable risk of local fishermen base on ecologycal aspect to take a wisely step to the problem. This research was conducted in AprilSeptember in 8 coastal district in Manokwari Regency. The result showed that native fishermen is medium vulnerable with value 0.57 to the number of catches, the composition of the fish and the fishing ground distance area. If this condition continues it will affect the existence of the status of local fishermen wich needs a partisanship in favor of the independence of local fishermen. Keywords: ecologycal of fisheries; local of fishermen; vulnerability fishermen

229-235

Authors: Arie Aryanto, Triadiati, Sugiyanta

Biofertilizer is a substance which contains microorganism and promotes plant growth by increasing the soil nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to analyze the growth and production of lowland and upland rice by using the biofertilizer in acid soils. Seven isolates of bacteria were used as biofertilizer, i.e. Bacillus sp., two strains of Pseudomonas sp., two strains of Azospirillum sp., and two strains of Azotobacter sp.. The treatments of this study were without fertilization, compost, 100% NPK, compost enriched with 7 isolates, compost enriched with 7 isolates + 50% NPK, compost enriched with 4 isolates, and compost enriched with 4 isolates + 50% NPK. The results showed that biofertilizer in compost improved nutrient content in acid soil, and increased rice growth and production as well. Compost enriched with 7 isolates 50% NPK showed the highest rice yield production both in the lowland and upland rice. The biofertilizer could reduced 50% utilization NPK fertilizer dosage in the first growing season. Keywords: azospirillum sp.; azotobacter sp.; bacillus sp.; pseudomonas sp.; soil nutrient availability

242-246

Authors: Nanang Krisnawan, Asep Sudarman, Anuraga Jayanegara, Yeni Widyawati

The objective of the research was to study saponin in Sapindus rarak were added to the diet of rice straw ammoniation (20 & 40%), related to the effect in reducing methane emissions of ruminants and pattern of rumen fermentation were tested by in vitro. Completly randomized block design with four treatments and four replications was used. Variables measured were gas production total, methane production, dray matter digestibility (DMD), N-ammonia, VFA total, VFA partial, and population of protozoa. The results showed that the addition saponins in S. rarak as a source of rice straw ammoniation significant effect (P<0.05) of the total gas production, methane production, dray matter digestibility (DMD), N-ammonia, VFA partial, and population of protozoa. S. rarak use as a source of saponins with a dose of 20% on rice straw ammoniation was able to reduce methane gas production drop in gas production total, concentration of N-ammonia, and protozoa population. Keywords: methane mitigation; sapindus rarak; saponin

257-264

Authors: Silvia Puspitasari, Erni Sulistiawati, Muladno Basar, Achmad Farajallah

Giving a half-dose of an anthelmintic is a simple method for detecting resistance in parasites infesting small ruminants. When a single anthelmintic fails in native sheep from Indonesia, a combination of anthelmintics from different chemical classes with different mechanism of action is an alternative parasite-control strategy. This study compared the anthelmintic effectiveness of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ABZ) have given either separately as a full-dose or half-dose or co-administered to sheep naturally infected with Ostertagia. Twelve sheep from Bogor, Indonesia were divided into six groups based on the anthelmintic treatment: half-dose IVM, full-dose IVM, half-dose ABZ, full-dose ABZ, combined (half-dose IVM + half-dose ABZ), and control groups. The treatment effectiveness was determined using the Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) on before and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of treatment. FECR of half-dose IVM, full-dose IVM, half-dose ABZ, full-dose ABZ, and both combined ranged from 78-100%, 96-100%, -71-89%, -521-64%, and 54-100%, respectively. The results showed that full-dose IVM was the most effective to against Ostertagia until 42 days and followed the combined that effective until 28 days. Half-dose and full-dose ABZ weren’t effective to against Ostertagia. Keywords: albendazole; effectiveness; ivermectin; ostertagia; sheep

272-279

Authors: Neneng Marlian, Ario Damar, Hefni Effendi

The research on horizontal distribution clorophyll-a fitoplankton as indicator the tropic state in waters of Meulaboh Bay conducted on Mei-July 2014 in Meulaboh Bay. Sampling was done using the method of purposive sampling at 10 sites, which consist of river, mouth river, bay waters, and middle of bay to outer of bay. The purpose of this research is to analyse horizontal distribution of clorophyll-a fitoplankton as the tropic state indicator in the waters and to analyse relationship between clorphyll-a fitoplankton with nutrients availability N and P. The result showed that the horizontal distribution pattern of clorophyll-a fitoplankton dominated by the waters near to teresterial land, likes river, mouth river, and edge of bay, afterward its gradually slightly decrease in the middle of bay and lower in outer of bay. High or low of clorophyll-a was due to the influence of nutirent load N and P in the waters of Meulaboh Bay. The tropic states based on abundance clorophyll-a fitoplankton was categorised in the mesotrofic condition. Keywords: clorophyll-a fitoplankton; distribution; horizontal; mesotrofic; tropic state