Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

140-143

Authors: Agik Suprayogi, Hadri Latif, Yudi, Asep Yayan Ruhyana

This study was to evaluate the depolarization of katuk leaves (Katuk-IPB3) as a feed additive for increasing dairy cattle milk yield at the farmer condition. Sixteen selected lactating cattles were divided into 4 groups; 4 cattles in each group. One group as a control, and 3 treated groups, namely P100, P150, and P200. P100, P200, and P300 were designated as cattle group given powder of Katuk-IPB3 as much as 100 g/day, 150 g/day, and 200 g/day, respectively. The treatment was executed in the 10 days before pregnancy up to 2 months lactating periods. Katuk-IPB3 showed significant positive response on the produced milk on all dose levels as compared to the control group, i.e. 35, 40, and 34% increased, respectively. The possible reason is that the nonpolar active compounds in the Katuk-IPB3 play an important role to the hormonal and metabolic action in the lactating mammary gland. Keywords: dairy cattle, feed additive, Katuk-IPB3, milk, Sauropus androgynus

154-158

Authors: Naresworo Nugroho, Effendi Tri Bahtiar, Azhar Anas

Bamboo is a natural resource that can be used as a basic commodity to substitute wood. To determine the use of a basic commodity, it is needed to study the basic characteristic of bamboo, in terms of anatomy, physical, and mechanical properties. Some studies of this topic, especially for engineering purpose, have been done, but the most of them used sample experiment in the form of bamboo culm. Therefore, it is necessary to find out whether experiments using bamboo strip are equivalent with the value of bamboo culm. This study used tali and ampel bamboos. The anatomy observation followed the Manual of Anatomy Practical Work and Wood Identification by Pandit (1991) and Nuryatin (2000), tests were based on Nuryatin’s study (2000). Sample tests for mechanical properties were based on ASTM D 143-94 and modification of ISO 22157-1:2004. The results showed that physical properties of internode of tali bamboo were inferior than that of the node, in contrary to ampel bamboo, which was better than that of the node. For all mechanical properties, internodes of tali and ampel bamboos were better than that of the node. The modulus of elasticity of the bamboo culm was lower 110% than that of the bamboo strip and the modulus of rupture of the bamboo culm was lower 230% than that of the bamboo strip. On the other side, τTk// of the bamboo culm was 15% higher than that of the bamboo strip. Keywords: bamboo culm, bamboo strip, basic properties of bamboo, internode, node

167-171

Authors: Arum Sekar Wulandari, Supriyanto

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is the result of mutualistic interactions between plants and fungi. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) naturally associate with ectomycorrhizal Scleroderma sinnamariense and Scleroderma sp. fungi. Artificial inoculation can be applied to young seedlings (12 months old), before the roots contain woody material. The purpose of this study was to apply the root pruning techniques to improve gnetum mycorrhizal seedlings production. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using 7 months old seedlings. The treatments consisted of 3 root pruning levels (0, 30, and 50%) and ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculum (control, mycorrhizal seedlings, and soil inoculum). Observations were carried out for 4 months to the seedling growth and root colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Height, diameter, and biomass of melinjo seedlings in all treatments were not significantly different. Thus, root pruning activities do not affect the growth of seedlings. Artificial inoculation produce mycorrhizal seedlings, whereas controls were uninfected. Root pruning increased number of root branching. Root pruning at level 50% increased mycorrhizal seedlings production, but the percentage of root colonization was not significantly difefernt at all pruning levels. Keywords: Gnetum gnemon, mycorrhiza, root pruning, Scleroderma

178-185

Authors: Hanifah Nuryani Lioe, Tika Setianingrum, Ririn Anggraeni

A method using high-performance liquid chomatography (HPLC) coupled with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for the determination of cholesterol in egg was validated. A silica column and a binary mixture of hexane and isopropanol (90:10) as a mobile phase were used to separate cholesterol. Cholesterol was detected at 1.5 min using cholesterol standard and HPLC-ELSD condition: evaporation temperature 50 ºC, air pressure 2.2 bars, and flow rate of mobile phase 2 mL/min. A method linearity for the cholesterol analysis in egg as a sample matrix was obtained at a range of 50 to 3000 µg/g sample, with R2>0.990. Instrument detection limit and limit of quantitation were determined at 1.07 and 3.56 µg/mL, respectively. Recovery test results by spiking cholesterol standard in egg sample at low, medium, and high concentrations (50, 250 and 3000 µg/g ) were 122.13, 108.23, and 44.71%, respectively. Their corresponding repeatability values were 5.26, 4.29, and 10.11%. Method detection limit and intralab reproducibility (to analyze a sample) were observed at 2.30 µg/g and 0.04%. The method is valid for cholesterol analysis in egg at low and medium concentrations. Keywords: cholesterol analysis, egg, HPLC-ELSD, method validation

194-199

Authors: Musa Hubeis, Mukhamad Najib, Hardiana Widyastuti, Nur Hadi Wijaya

Food security is a system consists of availability, distribution, and consumption subsystems. Food availability subsystem functions in guaranting food supply, in terms of quantity, quality (certification), variability, and safety. The main problem in materializing security of organic food commodities are quantity and quality of organic food, particularly vegetables. In other words, the organic vegetable can affect farmer’s economic situation in different way depending on the adopted particular technolog. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to describe the characteristics of organic vegetable products, (2) to identify internal and external factors related to the production of organic vegetables with a farmer-based high added value, and (3) to formulate a strategy of the production of organic vegetables with a farmer-based high added value (certified). Data were collected by purposive sampling and analyzed using matrix analysis tools of internal factor evaluation, external factor evaluation, internal external, and focus group discussion, as the basis for analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), followed by quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) to obtain the main alternative strategy for the development of organic vegetable with premium price. The study was carried out in Garut, West Java. This study confirmed 3 main strategic issues for the development of organic vegetables in the region, that is, market, organic vegetable production, and human resource. Keywords: farmers, food, organic vegetables production, premium price, strategy

73-78

Authors: Memen Surahman, Endang Murniati, Fifin Nashirotun Nisya

Provision of jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seeds along with providing high yielding varieties, is needed to ensure high seed quality. This experiment aimed to observe the pattern of jatropha seed treatment, namely the effect of fruit maturity, fruit extraction methods, seed drying, seed packaging type, and storage duration of seed on the seeds quality. The experiment was conducted from June to November 2011. Jatropha plants used as sources of seeds were obtained from jatropha plantations PT Indocement Tunggal, Tbk, Citeureup, Bogor. Seed handling experiments was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory, IPB. The results showed that the level of fruit maturity did not significantly affect the moisture content of seeds, the seeds germination and speed of seedlings growth, but it was significantly affect the dry weight of seed, dry weight of normal seedling, and oil content. The fruit extraction affected the time of peeling, duration of seed sortage, amount of impurities and the extent of seed damage, but it was not significantly affect the seed germination. The seed drying did not significantly affect the seed germination. The length of storage that can retain up to 51% seed germination during 3 months storage was the seed that have been stored in earthen barrel. Keywords: fruit treatment, jatropha, seed quality, seed treatment

85-91

Authors: Yeni Herdiyeni, Julio Adisantoso, Ellyn K Damayanti, Ervizal AM Zuhud, Elvira Nurfadhila, Kristina Paskianti

Indonesia is a mega biodiversity country including many kind medicinal plants. It is not easy to identify the various kinds of the medicinal plants especially for common people. Therefore, we need a computer-based automatic system as a tool to identify these various types of the medicinal plants. Developing of computer-based automatic system for medicinal plant identification has been done based on leaf image. There are 30 species of medicinal plants used in this study. There are 3 features for identification, i.e. morphology, texture, and shape. To improve the accuracy of identification we applied probabilistic neural network to classify the species of medicinal plant. The experiment results showed that the accuracy of identification increase to 74.67%. Developing of search engine has been done as well. We used 32 species of medicinal plant. The number of document was 132 documents. The document consists of name, family, description, diseases, and chemical substances. To improve the accuracy of searching, we applied KNN Fuzzy to classify document into 2 categories, i.e., family and diseases. The experiment results showed that the accuracy of average of precision is 96% for only word of length query and 89% for two words of length query. The system is very beneficial for people in society because it can be used to identify medicinal plants easily and the relevant communitis become independent in maintaining family health and giving opportunities as well as income of the people. Hence, the system is promising for leaf identification and supporting plant biodiversity in Indonesia. Keywords: leaf identification, leaf morphology, leaf shape, medicinal plants, probabilistic neural network, product decision rule

97-101

Authors: Tatiek Kartika Suharsi, Ananda Dian Puspita Sari

The objective of this study was to evaluate keprok (Citrus nobilis) budding seed development on various growing media and age of C. jambhiri rootstock. The design of experiment was complete randomized groups with 2 factors and 3 replications. The growing media consisted of soil, charcoal husk, sheep’s manure, compost, and vermi-compost. Rough lemon citrus rootstock’s age were 8, 11, and 14 months. The results showed that the growing media of soil:charcoal husk:compost or vermicompost mixture of [1:1:1] (v:v:v) was the best media for increasing keprok bud growing. Rough lemon rootstock of 8 and 11 months age were the best rootstock for keprok. Rough lemon rootstock of 14 month age stimulated growth of keprok bud faster than that of 8 and 11 month age of rootstock. Keywords: budding, growing media, keprok, rootstock, rough lemon, scion

109-114

Authors: Yayat Hidayat, Kukuh Murtilaksono, Enni Dwi Wahjunie, Diah Retno Panuju

Citarum is one of strategic rivers in West Java. In the upper part of this river, there are 3 large dams (Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur) which operates hydroelectric power that supply ± 20% electricity needs of Java-Bali area. Run off discharge of the river are fluctuating widely so greatly affect the performance of electricity production, supply of irrigation, and household water in the downstream area. The research aims to identify character of river discharge of Citarum Hulu and its relation with land use changes and farm management. River discharge were analyzed at the inlet of Saguling dam in Kampung Nanjung and some stream monitoring stations located in Ciwidey, Cisangkuy, and Cikapundung-Gandok. River discharge was highly fluctuating. In the peak of rainy season the flow rate can reach 578 m3/sec which caused flooding in several area such as Majalaya, Banjaran, and Dayeuhkolot. In contrary, in dry season the flow was very low, about 2.7 m3/sec, causing drought, failure of rice harvest, and reduced water supply to hydropower plant of Saguling. In addition to affecting rainfall patterns, the flow rate fluctuations was also influenced by pattern of land use and management. Land utilization that was not in accordance with the land capability was the main cause of land degradation which in turn would decrease hydrology function of watershed to control river discharge in rainy season. Keywords: citarum upper watershed, land capability, land use, river discharge

125-131

Authors: Endang Warsiki, Titi Candra Sunarti, Lala Nurmala

Active packaging is a technique that can be developed to prolong shelf-life or enhance safety or sensory properties, while maintaining the quality of fresh products inside. This experiment produced active packaging of antimicrobial (AM) film in which an antimicrobial (AM) agent was added into the film (instead of food) and then used it to coat the food product. The AM agents slowly release into the product surrounds, inhibit the growth of microbes thus packing and preserving were done in a single step. Carragenan was chosen as a matrix film with garlic extract as an AM agent. Fish balls were chosen as a product to be coated by this AM film. The study consisted of 2 steps i.e.: (i) prepared AM film, and (ii) coated the fish balls with AM film and then tested the quality during storage. In general, the quality of fish balls before and after storage still meet the SNI 0-3819-1995. In the application, the fish balls with AM film has longer shelf life than that without AM. Further more, the result of organoleptic test on appearance of odor and color showed that the panelists prefered coated fish balls than the uncoated one. The panelist prefered coated fish ball which is stored at 5 and 15 C. Keywords: antimicrobial packaging, fish ball, garlic extract

6-14

Authors: Mursalin, Purwiyatno Hariyadi, Eko Hari Purnomo, Nuri Andarwulan, Dedi Fardiaz

Dry fractionation will produce a fraction of olein and stearin with different composition of high melting and low melting as well the distribution of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of trisaturated (St3), disaturated (St2U) and monosaturated (StU2). This research aimed to study the effect of critical cooling rate and crystallization temperature on the composition and profile of TAG changes as well the melting properties of the fractionated coconut oil products. Coconut oil was heated at 70°C then cooled at different cooling rate to reach various crystalization temperatures. The oil was then stirred at 15rpm and allowed to crystallize at different period of time, and finally fractionated by vacuum filtration using Whatman #40 paper. Fractionation temperatures were the same as crystalization temperatures. The results showed that the critical cooling rate was proportional to the solid-like to liquid-like ratio, the content of St3 and SFC profile of olein fraction but inversely proportional to the content of St2U and StU2 TAG. Interval crystallization temperature between 21.30 and 21.73 °C produced the S/L ratio, the content of St3 TAG and SFC profiles of olein fractions lower and the content of St2U and StU2 TAG higher than the temperature interval below or above it. Coconut oil fractionation more effective in higher crystallization temperature or lower critical cooling rate. In these cooling treatments, St3 TAG which has high melting pointwould be concentrated at stearin fraction, while St2U and StU2 TAG and MCTwould be at olein fraction. Therefore, it will increase melting properties of stearin fraction and decrease olein fraction. Keywords: coconut oil, critical cooling rates, crystallization temperature, fractionation, melting properties, TAG profile

20-28

Authors: Sutrisno, Emmy Darmawati, Rokhani Hasbullah, Harli Prawaningrum

Starfruits is one of exotic tropical fruits that have increasing its popularity both for domestic and global market due to its unique shape and taste, as well as their nutrition values. However, this fruit is considered perishable product with short self-life, thus the proper post harvest treatment should be done to prevent their quality after harvest. In general, the objective of this research was to determine optimum treatment of hot water treatment (HWT) and immersion period in CaCl2 solution using response surface method (RSM) for post harvest handling of starfruits in order to maintain its quality during storage. Among quality parameters tested, weight loss and hardness were found as the most responsive to the combination treatment. Parameter of weight loss rate showed a maximization response with stationary point of HWT’s temperature of 42 C, expose period for 42 minutes, and immersion period in CaCl2 solution for 38 minutes with respond point of weight loss was 3.74%. Meanwhile, the hardness parameter achievement was the minimum with stationary point of HWT’s temperature of 48 C, expose period for 35 minutes, and immersion period in CaCl2 solution fpr 35 minutes resulted respond point of hardness of 0.63 Newton. Interest level from the panelist were color, taste, texture and aroma, respectively, whereas the treatment combination that accepted by panelist were (45 C, 65', 40'), (45 C, 40', 15'), and (45 C, 40', 40’). Keywords: CaCl2, hardness, HWT, RSM, starfruit, weight loss

43-48

Authors: Didah Nur Faridah*, Sedarnawati Yasni, Antin Suswantinah, Ghesi Wuri Aryani

The aim of this study was to find chemical and microbiological characteristics of instant bandrek and nutmeg syrup from Sinarsari and Dramaga villages, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. The analysis resulted that both products still fulfilled the quality standard of microbiological set by the Indonesian National Standard. The antioxidant capacity of instant bandrek and nutmeg syrup consecutively was equivalent with 256.12 mg AEAC per serving size and 775.62 mg AEAC per serving size, respectively. The toal phenolic of the instant bandrek drink and nutmeg syrup consecutively was equivalent with 89.81 mg GAE/L and 140.68 mg GAE/L, respectively. It can be concluded that the food processing did not remove the bioactive compounds that could function as antioxidant. Keywords: antioxidant capacity, instant bandrek, nutmeg syrup, total phenolic level

55-60

Authors: Ridwan Affandi, Tatag Budiardi, Ronny Irawan Wahju, Am Azbas Taurusman

Today, eel resource especially seeds in Indonesia has not been used for eel culture activities. To be able to optimally utilize the seeds that led to the production of eels for consumption needs adequate cultivation technology. This study aimed to obtain performance information of survival rate, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio to support mass production of eel consumption. The experiments were performed using aquarium of (0.8 x 0.4 x 0.4) m3 and concrete tank (1.7 x 1.7 x 1) m3 with circulating water. Eel used were elver (1.21.5 g) and fingerlings (1517 g). Silk worms (Tubifex) and artificial feed in the pasta form were used as feed. The results showed that the elver reared in aquarium or concrete tank with water recirculation system showed high survival rate of 7879% and 8696%, respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR) was good (0.60.8%), but the feed conversion was still high (3321) for the elver fed with silk worms and very good (0.60.7) for elver fed with artificial feed. The juvenile eel reared in a concrete tank showed SR up to 8594%, the SGR ranged from 0.8 to 1.2%, and feed conversion from 0.61 to 0.69. It can be concluded that the rearing of seed eel can be done incontainer using water recirculation system with stocking density of 3 individuals/land 1.5 kg/m3 in preparing the seed to be ready tobe cultivated outdoors. Keywords: elver, feed conversion ratio, juvenile, specific growth rate, water recirculation system