Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

5-15

Authors: K. Geina, P. Kutishchev

Purpose. To analyze the dynamics of pike (Esox luceus Linnaeus, 1758) age structure of the Dnieper lower reaches in conditions of the modification of fishing pressure. Methodology. An analysis of fishing situation has been performed based on data of official fishery statistics. Fish sampling was done at control-observation posts of the Institute of Fisheries of the NAAS of Ukraine and directly in the fishery. Juvenile fish yield was determined using a complex of fry fishing gears using a stationary net-station. Field and cameral processing of the material was performed using generally accepted methods. Findings. A retrospective analysis of the situation in the Dnieper-Bug lower reach system clearly indicates on the presence of continuous tendency of catch decline of representative of native fish fauna – pike. With relatively uniform indices of the “yield” of its juveniles before Dnieper flow impoundment and in conditions of present time, its commercial catches significantly dropped. The dynamics of pike current age structure indicates on an increase of relative density of age groups, which form the recruitment of the commercial portion of the population (1-1+) and a decrease of importance of the component of the right side of age series. A discrepancy between the observed changes of the age group and commercial harvest quantities indicates on increased human pressure on this species. Originality. For the first, we analyzed the dynamics of fish juvenile “yield” and age structure of pike commercial stock of the Dnieper lower reaches in the river flow transformation process. Practical value. A decrease of the ichthyomass of piscivorous fishes in the Dnieper lower reaches results in changes of fish populations of littoral biotopes towards the prevalence of the dominance of coarse species that lead to a deterioration of forage availability for a number of valuable commercial species. An increase of the number of pike can regulate the strain in trophic relationships. Key words: Dnieper-Bug estuarine system, Dnieper lower reaches, ichthyofauna, pike, commercial harvest, yield, age structure

25-36

Authors: A. Tuchapska

Purpose. To study the fisheries and biological indicators of young-of-the-year carp when applying fertilizer in ponds, introducing stock cultures of Daphnia magna (Straus) and feeding of young-of-the-year with cultured zooplankton organisms and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures for enhancing the provision of young-of-the-year carp with natural feeds. Methodology. Stock culture of Daphnia magna was added into experimental ponds, 65 kg/ha of zooplankton, which were cultured in a pond-cultivator and cages installed in experimental ponds were used for feeding young-of-the-years in July and August. For study of nutrition and growth of young-of-the-year carp, samples were taken during regular control fish seining. Parameters of young-of-the-year carp growing and economic efficiency of measures aimed at increasing the supply of young-of-the-year carp with natural feeds were determined. Findings. Average seasonal zooplankton biomass in experimental ponds was 3,9 – 4,8 times higher than the biomass in the control pond. Natural food in the stomach content of carps from experimental ponds in June was 64,7 – 71,3 %, in July it decreased to 48.0 %, in August ― to 15,0 – 2,0 %. Natural food part in young-of-the-year diet in June was 9,3 %, in July ― 20,6 – 2,1%, in August ― 1,1 – 0,4 %. Fish productivity in experimental ponds was higher by 35,2 – 4,5% than that in the control pond. Expenditure of grain feeds for the growth of young-of-the-year carp in the control pond was 3,2 units, in the experiment it was 12,5 – 15,6 % lower. Profit from growing young-of-the-year carp in experimental ponds was 2,9 – 3,7 times higher than in the control and was 3955,2 – 5153,0 UAH/ha. Profitability of growing young-of-the-year with the use of intensification measures was 2,6 – 3,2 times higher than that in the control pond. Originality. For the first time we studied fisheries and biological indicators when growing young-of-the-year carp with the use of a complex of measures for enhancing the provision of their natural feeds, which included organic fertilizers, application of a stock culture of Daphnia magna and feeding of young-of-the-years with cultured zooplankton organisms. Practical Value. It was found high economic efficiency of measures aimed at improving provision of young-of-the-year carp with natural feeds, which serves as the basis of their wide implementation into production. Key words: pond fertilizes, introduction, young-of-the-year carp, natural food base, fish productivity of ponds, economic efficiency.

52-67

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, O. Zaloilo, I. Zaloilo, N. Borysenko

Purpose. The application of molecular genetic markers has been widely used in modern experimental fish-farming in recent years. This methodology is currently presented by a differentiated approach with individual mechanisms and clearly defined possibilities. Numerous publications in the scientific literature that are dedicated to molecular genetic markers for the most part offer purely practical data. Thus, the synthesis and analysis of existing information on the general principles of action and the limits of the main methods of using molecular genetic markers is an actual problem. In particular, such a description will make it possible to plan more effectively the experiment and to obtain the desired results with high reliability. Findings. The main types of variable parts of DNA that can be used as molecular genetic markers in determining the level of stock hybridization, conducting genetic inventory of population and solving other problems in modern fish-farming are described in this paper. Also, the article provides an overview of principal modern methods that can be used to identify molecular genetic markers. Originality. This work is a generalization of modern ideas about the mechanisms of experiments with molecular genetic markers in fish-farming. Information is provided in the form of consistent presentation of the principles and purpose of each method, as well as significant advances during their practical application. Practical value. The proposed review of classic and modern literature data on molecular genetic markers can be used for planning, modernization and correction of research activity in modern fish-farming. Key words: molecular genetic markers, molecular genetics methods, PCR, DNA, microsatellites.

80-99

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, T. Shvets

Purpose. To make a list of publications on the application of preparations of different compositions, effect and methods of use in aquaculture for the purposes of an increase of body resistance, prevention and treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases of aquatic organisms, especially fish. Methods. Bibliographical search was realized on the basis of the availability of relevant literature, which constitute of the Institute’s of Fisheries NAAS scientific library stock, using both complete and selective methods. Findings. There was prepared the thematic list of publications on the use of substances of therapeutic and preventive actions in aquaculture. This bibliography embraced the time period from 1959 to 2012. The list includes 126 references from the Institute’s of Fisheries NAAS scientific library stock, arranged alphabetically by author or title, described according to DSTU GOST 7.1:2006 «System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic entry. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules». Practical value. The list can be useful for scientists, specialists, students, which area of interest covers the development and use of medicines and prophylactics for fisheries. Key words: aquatic, fish, aquaculture, pathology, prevention, preparation, feed additive, probiotic, immunomodulator, vaccine.