Analisa Journal of Social and Religion

11

Authors: Nugroho Eko Atmanto

Morning dawn and phenomenon twilight phenomenon are interesting for the sci- entists not only for weather forecast and navigation but also setting time prayer times for muslims. The concept of the morning dawn and evening twilight were introduced by al-Biruni in the book Al-Qanun al-Mas’udi. Al-Biruni described the scene at morning dawn and evening twilight in the book Al-Qanun al-Mas’udi and concluded that the twilight occur when the position of the sun is at an altitude of -18°. The concept of al-Biruni is recognized by modern science, astronomy, and the prophetic tradition for its conformity. Besides, the discovery of al-Biruni on the height of the sun is so far used by several religious organizations in some coun- tries to set the time for isha and fajr prayers. By using content analysis, this study discussed the relevance of the concept of morning dawn and evening twilight in the book Al-Qanun al-Mas’udi for determining maghrib prayer time, the praying time for isha and fajr as well.

12

Authors: Irwan Masduqi

In this research, the author critically analyzes a biography of Shaikh ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani containing sacred myths. The analyst of sacred myth about ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani is based on the approach of applied anthropology to distinguish between the myths that have positive and negative values for Muslim society. This research then analyzes the authenticity of Tafsir al-Jilani and the epistemology of his inter- pretation. ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani is the founder of Qadiriyah. Qadiriyah doctrines has been widely accepted by traditional Muslim groups in Muslim world, so that the study of Tafsir al-Jilani is very meaningful for the followers of Qadiriyah in particu- lar and the lovers of Quranic studies in general to increase their knowledge about the teachings of ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani.

13

Authors: Mulyani Mudis Taruna

The focus of this research is the standardization of mastery “kitab kuning” in the Salaf Boarding School “Nurul Hakim” West Nusa Tenggara. The specific study was conducted at Darul Hikmah Li Ma’had Aly Al Fiqh wa Al-Da’wah. The findings of the research showed that the jargon “al-mukhafadlat ‘ala al-qadim ash-shalih wa al-akhdzu bi al-jadid al-ash- lah” or sticking to the old traditions and opening it up to contemporary phenomena inspired boarding school to follow the development of increasingly complex and global challenges. Ma’had ‘Aly Darul Hikmah Li Al Fiqh wa Al-Da’wah still refers to “kitab kuning” as the standard control by mahasantri. Benchmarking was based on the evaluation conducted each year by MPK-OS and set by the Majlis Kiai. Orientation for the determination was in accordance with the “kitab kuning” or study program taught in the Ma’had. The evaluation model which was developed in Ma’had ‘Aly was not different from the evaluation model which was developed at public universities, namely the evaluation of mid-semester and final semester. Another evaluation was an evaluation of each chapter in each study on the “Kitab Kuning” with sorogan model it was implemented in salaf pesantren students. Nev- ertheless, the standardization of control of the “Kitab Kuning” was in the hand of boarding school authorities as a part of developed formal education program.

14

Authors: Sidik Sidik

There is no a single definition of state and jihad because there has been no agreement on the terms. Therefore, there is a gap between perceived concept of state and jihad and recent de- velopment of nation-state, plurality, and civility. In additions, the emergence of psychoso- cial factor such as truth claim and the feeling of being marginalized and oppressed results in radicalism under the banner of religion. Based on the aforementioned background, this paper seeks to discuss “Tafsir al-Azhar”, a monumental work of Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka), an Indonesian leading figure in tafsir (interpretation) study. This is the first tafsir book written in Bahasa Indonesia and becomes one of the main sources in the field. By using documentation and hermeneutics the writer revealed not only the substance and the method of interpreting the concepts of “state” and “jihad”, but also their significance for the attempt of de-radicalization in Indonesia. According to Hamka, the relationship between religion and state was integral and the formation of the state de- pended on social development; whereas the concept of jihad did not merely mean “war”. In a boarder meaning, the concept of jihad included physical and non-physical dimen- sions. Physical jihad (battle) was permissible under certain conditions and circumstances.

18

Authors: Atika Ulfia Adlina

The research aimed to know: 1. Ahwal (mystical experience) experienced by followers of Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah in Piji, Dawe, Kudus; 2. The correlation between suluk and their kinds of ahwal; and 3. The different intensity of ahwal for the followers in each stage of the tarekat. This was a field reserch which used purpo- sive sampling tehnique. The data were then analysed qualitatively and phenomeno- logically. The findings of the research showed that there were some factors motivated people to join the Tarekat: the intention to be close to God, preparing themselves for death, charismatic figure, etc. Secondly, the classification of the mystical experi- ences was adjusted with the lataif dzikir stages, they were laţîfah al-qalb, laţîfah ar- rûh, laţîfah as-sirr, laţîfah khafiy, laţîfah akhfa, laţîfah an-nafsi dan laţîfah al-qâlib. There were same ahwal experienced by the followers in some stages. Therefore, it was concluded that there was a relationship between suluk and ahwal experienced by the followers of the tarekat in Piji Dawe Kudus.