Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte umanistice

26-33

Authors: Olesea BODEAN-VOZIAN, Cornelia CINCILEI

In the last decades, an array of cross-linguistic research has been devoted to motion conceptualisation, Leonard Talmy’s seminal work in typology (1978, 1985, 1991, and 2000) having a great contribution to it. Talmy (1991) divided languages into verb-framed and satellite-framed, depending on how they express Path, the “core schema” of a motion event. The verb-framed languages tend to encode Path in the verb and the Manner in a gerund, adverb or omit it, while satellite-framed languages express Path of motion in a verb particle called satellite and the Manner of motion in the verb. This paper analyzes human locomotion as a sub-type of motion by comparing the ways English and Romanian conceptualise it, particularly focusing, first, on the Manner component, in terms of information granulation levels and, second, on the Path component, in terms of motion directionality conceptualization.

47-54

Authors: Oxana CREANGA

In search of a deeper understanding of elements underlying the formal organization of literary narratives and their impact on the textual meaning, the paper aims at correlating text linguistics to narratology. Based on the assumption that the literary narrative relies on the binary opposition of story vs. discourse, the paper seeks to elucidate how each of the seven standards of textuality, advanced by Robert de Beaugrande and Wolfgang U. Dressler, are actualized in literary texts by means of particular narratological concepts, such as fictional communicative situation, text architectonics, narrative perspective, the truth of the text world, implicitness, presentational modes etc. The revealed mutual dependence of the constitutive properties of literary texts on elements of textual content leads to a fine-grained linguistic analysis and interpretation of diverse aspects of textual organization and reception with a view to uncovering the overall meaning of the text.

61-65

Authors: Viorica LIFARI

The given paper is devoted to the social concept of shame in the English and Romanian languages. Intercultural and interdisciplinary studies have recently acquired a great popularity and they contribute to a better comprehension of the most subtle peculiarities of a people’s mentality, fact which makes both the study of the language and teaching it easier. At the same time studies in this domain lead the individual to acquiring knowledge and skills in conducting a qualitative intercultural communication. The undertaken study is done by using the cognitive linguistics methods, suggested and applied by such outstanding linguists as George Lakoff, Anna Wierzbicka and Krawczac Karolina. To explain the meaning of an emotion term used in context we make use of the cognitive scenario or the image schema described by means of the Natural Semantic Meta-language found in all the languages. This method helps linguists identify the specific shades of meanings of the terms found in various languages that denote apparently the same concepts. Alongside we concentrate on the two types of culture: individualistic and collectivistic in which the concept of shame is perceived in a different way. Corpus linguistics that we base the research on is composed of 194 aphorisms that contain the lexeme shame in English and 203 aphorisms in Romanian, the aphorisms are written by the modern and classical English, American and Romanian writers.

70-77

Authors: Emilia TARABURCA

The present article brings into discussion the humanist message of Blaise Pascal, the exceptional thinker, scientist, philosopher, theologian of the XVII the century, expressed through “the unfinished monument”, revealing even today as a source of knowledge of the human condition, fundamental as a research with the initial title “Thoughts”. In his study of the human being, the French thinker cut through, step by step, the nature of this “thinking reed”, providing the anatomy of its “hidden undergrounds”, the human spiritual vulnerability, vanity, self-content, etc. in order to represent afterwards the human greatness and dignity, inviting us over centuries to know ourselves and to discover the Light.

84-88

Authors: Lucia VESTE

With the development of new technologies and of progress in all areas, the strategies for promoting new products have evolved considerably. Today the primary purpose of the advertising discourse remains to influence and manipulate. However, the linguistic processes and strategies have updated it and progressed from informing itself (the informative function) to the creative function of the advertising. The creativity of the advertising speech can be lexical or syntactic. In case of lexical creativity, it is determined by the following linguistic procedures and strategies: refunctionalisation, lexical reclassification, nomination, graphs, derivation, creativity of the lexical imperative, composition, orthographic overlay, lexical derailment, hapax legamenon, etc. Syntactic creativity is updated by: hybrid constructions, omission of verbs, etc. In this sense, we will further analyse and exemplify each case of lexical creativity and syntactic creativity, above mentioned, based on the advertising discourse.

94-98

Authors: Natalia GOBJILA

This paper aims at examining the notion of synonymy in the specialized languages, and how it is perceived in relation with the principle of univocity of designation and concept, fundamental for the study of terminology. The analysis of the provided examples is intended to illustrate the occurrence and distribution of synonyms in the terminology from the domain of biomedical engineering and the role of the phenomenon in the specialized communication in this particular domain.

108-113

Authors: Nicoleta-Mariana IFTIMIE

The development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at university level means, among other things, a central role of the student in the learning process, made visible through active participation, interaction and cooperation via pair- and group-work. In order for all these things to happen, the teacher needs to use appropriate methodology, as well as to select, adapt or devise relevant, realistic, and interesting materials based on the students’ short- and long-term needs. This paper focuses on the students’ English language needs, as perceived by the students themselves, by foreign language teachers and by specialized teachers. The method used consists in questionnaires devised and administered by the author. The responses given are presented in tabulated form and are further on discussed, analyzed and compared. The comparison reveals similarities and differences as far as the perceptions of the different groups investigated are concerned.

120-130

Authors: Ina SÎTNIC

The paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted at the Department of Translation, Interpretation and Applied Linguistics. It is a qualitative and quantitative didactic approach to consecutive interpreting (CI) aiming at determining 2nd year undergraduates’ note taking skills in CI from English into Romanian. The quality of students’ CI was assessed based on the types of errors and paralinguistic elements found in their translation versions as well as on the classifications provided by H.Barik, B.J. Delisle, R.D. Gonzales et.al. and G. Lungu-Badea for errors of translation and the classifications of paralinguistic elements by F. Poyatos and B. Tissi.

139-145

Authors: Natalia VREME

Dental care terminology is constantly developing due to the continuous technological and medical progress. Prosthetics, dental implantology, different new methods and approaches to teeth treatment trigger challenges to generating new terms for various innovations in dentistry, thus expanding impressively the specialized language of this medical field. This paper aims at analysing the issue of term formation patterns in dental care terminology as a part of medical language and revealing some semantic peculiarities of this scientific terminology. The striking number of complex terminological units proves that compounding is notably a productive way in the formation of dental terms.

151-158

Authors: Eduard RUSU

Music represents one of the main forms of manifestation for the political power, especially for the medieval period, primarily due to the fact that the ruler was the only one who laid claim to such kind of music. Apart from this, the ruler was also the owner of other various musical ensembles, known as “courtly music”, which had the role of providing a pleasant ambience, of relaxing the audience and, last but not least, as a manifestation of one’s superiority towards their subjects. In the many events housed at the court, one can notice both the official (military) type of music, already mentioned above, but also the private one, more frequently and obviously encountered during feasts and parties, but in other cases, too, such as during the religious holidays or for the most common moments of relaxation. Regardless of its nature, music represents a way of multiple expression for political power and legitimacy, but also its most effective “transmission” instrument.

169-189

Authors: Valentin TOMULEŢ

In the given article, based on the original archival sources, the author analyzes the changes that occurred in the dynamics and composition of the population of Bessarabia in the 1840s, ascertaining that the statistics offers us important information, although not always accurate and complete. Although it contains only estimates, it still gives us the possibility to pursue and determine certain trends in the evolution of demographic, social and economic processes in modern times that have taken place in Bessarabia in general, as well as in different counties taken in particular. A comparative analysis of statistics for the whole of Bessarabia for the years 1840-1850 shows a slow-rising dynamics of the population. In the 10-year period, the real population growth was about 187577 inhabitants, from 685265 in 1842 to 872842 in 1850, corresponding to an increase of about 1.3 times. This increase in the Bessarabian population, as evidenced by the sources, occurred both as a result of natural growth and immigration of foreign colonists (although their number was much lower than in the first decades) and the displacement of Russian citizens from different social categories in Russian domestic gubernyas.

195-201

Authors: István BANDI

In Hungary the 1980s, in “the happiest barrack of the socialist camp”, the opposition movement have strengthened step by step. On the one hand, the Hungarian society regained the self-organizing capacity to develop opposition movements; on the other hand, this was possible because Károly Grósz, the representative of the HSWP hard-line, resigned and thus opened the opportunity for social and political transformation through negotiation. As a result, Parliament passed the Law on Associations, allowing the emergence of political parties, civic associations and unions implicitly making possible the first free elections in the spring of 1990.

212-215

Authors: TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE LIFE OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The current society is defined by consumerism, globalization, advanced technology that attract strong sociocultural transformations that are reflected in behaviour and attitude. All these phenomena are also encountered in today's city that is an urban society, in conjunction with the phenomenon of modernity and industrialization, in which mobility and diversity cherish individual choices.

8-13

Authors: Magdalina BANTEA

This article represents an analytical study of the somatic symbol in gestural semiotics from cultural and linguistic perspectives in English, Romanian, Italian and French, which reflects various conceptual categories of emotions through gesture. The problem lies in demonstrating the multidimensional character of the somatic symbol in gestural semiotics in order to facilitate its individualization in phraseological context. The article will highlight: 1) the multi-functionality of the somatic symbol in expressing emotion at the syntagmatic level in gestural semiotics; 2) the semantic-functional aspects of the somatic symbol at the paradigmatic level in the phraseological context; 3) difficulties in interpreting the phraseological message at the intercultural level. In conclusion, will be validated the characteristics of the somatic symbol as a macro-figure and will be mentioned the factors contributing to its framing into the semiotic-gestural dimension in the interpretation of modern researchers.

21-29

Authors: Maria COTLĂU

The French phrase Politiquement Correct, the English calque Politically Correct denotes a sociopolitical phenomenon that is manifested by the excessive mitigation of linguistic formulations. The French phrase resembles that of the American one, with the common name and ideological foundation, the right to equality, but the French version emphasizes linguistic reformulation. Detached from the American social and political context, the expression Politiquement Correct elevates excessive caution to a dogma level, the art of “correct” speech, but both subjected to social control of language. The targeted phenomenon pretends to be a tool of vigilance to use an expression or a word, to remove non-respectable terms from language and to find them the right equivalences. True to its ideology language having a positive effect, Politiquement Correct employs linguistic and rhetorical tools by modeling them in the service of goodwill and juggles with different syntactic and semantic methods. Through paraphrasis as reformulation, the phenomenon becomes legitimate, then the emphatic discourse helps: litota, euphemism, perifraza, metonymy, synecdoca, oximoron etc.

37-41

Authors: Татьяна ЦЕПЛИК

Emotiology is an interdisciplinary field of scientific knowledge, formed in the XX century at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, which studies the relationship of emotions and language. The present study is devoted to the problem of categorization and description of emotive signs in general and affectives in particular in modern linguistics. To do this, a distinction is made between the concepts of emotionality and emotiveness, the existing definitions of affectives as lexical and speech means of expressing emotionality are examined, their hypo-hyperonymic relationships with emotives are described, and a contrastive analysis of their characteristics from the point of view of cognitive linguistics and semiotics is carried out. The data obtained show that at the present stage of development of emotiology, affectives represent a poorly studied area. This is reasoned not only by the complex psycholinguistic nature of the units, but also by the lack of common terminological apparatus of this area of scientific knowledge. The boundaries for determining affectives remain blurred, conventional, and require further investigation.

48-58

Authors: Ana GUȚU

The present article deals with judicial discourse, including the pleading, which is analyzed from the point of view of the semiotic method and the method of the geometry of thought. The author considers both, the structure of the judicial discourse and its lexico-stylistic and philosophical content according to the evolution of judicial thought based on the example of France. The corpus consists of 43 judicial speeches, pleadings of lawyers, speeches of accusation and literary writings having the function of pleadings. The main conclusion that follows from the article is that the language has a judicial power. The pragmatic conclusions, drawn from the analyzed corpus, serve to set up an effective database for the implementation of a playful informative tool to teach legal eloquence to concerned students.

66-71

Authors: Lucia VESTE

The inferential model was initially a pragmatic approach to interpreting a statement. more recent studies, however, have shown that much of the pragmatic principles are related to the semiotic approach. therefore, the creation of in-ferences in the interpretative process is in fact a semio-pragmatic model, which does not in any way cancel the semiotic concepts, or the language remains a system of signs, but it complements them by pragmatic entities, such as implicit premises, contextual hypotheses, the speaker meaning, the presumption of relevance, implicit conclusions, metarepresentation, the optimal pertinence etc. all these pragmatic aspects facilitate the interpretative and exegesis process and, at the same time, provide a deeper and more complex analysis of the speaker meaning, or often the implicit speaker meaning differs from the explicit sen-tence meaning, especially since the sentence meanings are multiple comparative in the statement meaning that is singular.

77-84

Authors: Angela SOLTAN

The paper discusses and analyzes the role of context and interdisciplinarity in educational language policy through the contributions of four leading authors from different cultural or temporal spaces. At the same time, the paper presents different cultural approaches in the process of establishing the methodological framework of sociolinguistics. Two of the authors analyzed are notorious names in the field of language policy in the Anglo-Saxon area. Einar Haugen represents the first generation of sociolinguists, and Robert L. Cooper the second. The other two authors are notorious names in the Latin cultural space: Eugen Coșeriu in the field of language philosophy and the first generation of linguists concerned with the theorizing of sociolinguistics, and Pierre Bourdieu in the field of sociology, represents the first generation of sociologists who have extended their field of research to linguistics.

93-97

Authors: Corina IORDAN

The issue which our research is based on is the translation of the realia words. This paper is a comparative and contrastive study of the translation strategies used by the translators Ana Cartianu, R.C. Johnston and A.L. Lloyd in order to translate the geographical realia words from Ion Creangă’s novel Childhood Memories / Recollections from Childhood. These realia words were divided into three categories: 1. flora and fauna; 2. physical geography; 3. cultural geography. This topic was chosen due to the fact that it is an important aspect of the language and has a theoretical and practical importance, being an object of study for many translators, linguists and specialists in the field. The main strategies for translating the geographical realia words analyzed in this paper were: direct transfer and equivalence.

101-107

Authors: Vadim SDOBNIKOV

Traditionally, (un)translatability is considered in linguistic theory of translation as an undesirable phenomenon caused by the use of units that do not have correspondences in the target language. This lack of equivalence is usually explained by differences between the structures of the two languages and between the two cultures. The analysis of common views on the issue of translatability presented in the text-oriented approach to translation convinces us of the erroneous understanding of the essence of translatability. According to the communicative-functional approach to translation, the degree of (un)translatability is determined by the extent to which the translation conveys the communicatively relevant information necessary for the recipients of the translation to carry out their substantive activities. Reproduction of such information is the purpose of translation, and in a broader sense, the purpose of translation is to ensure the substantive activities of the recipients and commissioners of the translation by creating a text that meets their needs. The nature of the relevant information may vary from communication situation to situation and what appears to be untranslatable at the unit level may be insignificant or fully translatable at the level of the text as a whole.

113-121

Authors: Ina DRIGA

We intend to pursue, in our work, the hypostases that define Salieri as a character, in the dramatic opera Achitarea lui Salieri by C.Cheianu. Traditionally, the dramatic character is a textual construct, being characterized by the name assigned to it, by its role played throughout the intrigue and the whole action, but the dramatic character is also characterized by his own discourse. The playwright C.Cheianu attempts not to exaggerate the negative portrait of Salieri as a character, but the human side of his personality is quickly shaded by the virulence of his speech. The character discourse analysis provides a series of information on how to personalize and characterize dramatic characters.

126-129

Authors: Iuliana OICĂ

The present study presents the way in which two symbols acquire special meanings in the work of Dumitru Tepeneag. The world of Dumitru Tepeneag’s books describes a fixed reality as a mirror held by a master in an ingenious narrative technique. Gifted with demiurgical force, passed through the literary experiences of the New Roman, the writer outlines boundless worlds, being aware of the capacity of the word revealed by the language of the dream. Self-productive writing becomes the mirror in which the novelist deliberately deconstructs his own identity, having the vocation of a theoretician of aesthetic onirism, and also of a master in his art. Thus, the daily routine is crossed by threatening and disturbing creatures at the same time, which is constantly sought and transformed by the desire to retrieve.

135-139

Authors: Viorica MOLOȘNIUC

This article examines the methods and techniques of teaching grammar at the B2 level at the university. The techniques of teaching grammar at the B2 level are part of a contrastive-comparative-reflective approach, taking into account the aims of a course of grammar included in the initial training of teachers of French as a foreign language.

145-148

Authors: Igor I. ORLOV, Мarina L. POLOVINKINA, Olga S. PAVLOVA

In this article the authors explore the features of the folk costume of the Central Black Soil Zone regions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of typical features of the Russian costume. The author believes that regional differences revealed in some elements of the Russian folk costume of the Black Soil Region make it possible to consider it a unique phenomenon of cultural diffusion.

163-168

Authors: Sergiu BOȚOLIN

Starting from the idea that the empire does not identify with a monolithic structure, but rather with a network of complex relations arbitrated by the Center, and stimulated by the Periphery, which involves asymmetrical elements of social, economic and cultural life, we need to consider a complex reconstruction of the Center-periphery interference regarding the history of Bessarabia in the Russian Empire. The integration of Bessarabia did not follow a simple transposition of the model, but had an individual character, characterized by an alternation and / or a folding of several political-administrative models. The regional administrative system underwent mutations as a result of paradigm shifts at the Center, which in turn were influenced by peripheral reactions.

176-182

Authors: Alexandru MALACENCO

The study that we bring to your attention aims to continue a larger research of the process of the (re)sovietisation of Bessarabia from the perspective of the soviet “secret police” NKGB-MGB, during first postwar years. In the present study, the author will focus on analyzing the personnel of the NKGB-MGB of the Moldavian SSR in the first postwar years. The analysis of archive materials and historiographical sources has shown that we do not have absolutely complete data on the personnel of NKGB-MGB of Moldavian SSR. However, the information identified in the unpublished and published documentary sources allow us to discover certain tendencies regarding the Soviet Union's personnel policy in the process of forming the NKGB-MGB Moldavian SSR staff, in the first postwar decade. This study addresses the following topics: trends pursued by USSR human resources policy in the process of forming the NKGB-MGB staff of the Moldavian SSR, the ethnic composition of the NKGB-MGB staff of the Moldovan SSR, the professionalism of the secret police officers of the Moldavian SSR in the first postwar years, the counterintelligence priorities of the secret police of the Moldavian SSR in the context of changing the international circumstances in the first postwar years. This study is mainly based on unpublished documents from the administrative fund of the archive of the Security and Intelligence Service of the Republic of Moldova (ASISRM), published documents and other historiographical sources.

201-207

Authors: Adrian ROŞCA

Because of the evolution of the political and economic relations between the RM and the EU at the moment, we have a lot of studies which partially analyze how these relations evolved from the beginning of the 90's until the last year of our research, 2017. Based on the national and organizational criteria we decided to classify the historiography of the problem in 1-st.: Historiography RM, 2-nd.: EU historiography and 3-rd.: Russian historiography. Moldova's historiography consists of a series of studies, written by representatives of NGOs such as E and V.Prohnitchi who analyzes the first economic relations between the RM and the EU, their study being published in 2003. While from more recent authors which are worth being mentioned, is Ana Popa, who analyzes the same issue from an economic perspective, the first effects of the Association Agreement in 2015. From EU Historiography, an important work which is worth mentioning is “Moldova: Arena of International Influences” edited by Marcin Kosienkowski and William Schreiber, where a chapter on the relationship between the RM and each important geopolitical actor is dedicated. In the case of RM-EU cooperation, it is highlighted that the only visible result of this collaboration is represented by the economic success, while other aspects are represented as failures of this collaboration. The Russian historiography analyzes in a negative way the effectiveness of economic relations between the RM and the EU, a proof of which is a study published by the European Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences entitled “The European Union in search of a global role: politics, economy, and security”. This paper devotes an entire chapter to the EU-Moldova relations, all presented from a political perspective, explaining the negative effects for the Moldovan economy due to the intensification of the relations with the EU and the decrease of the interest towards the Russian market. Emphasizing the lack of importance of the RM as an export market for the EU. A more detailed analysis of the historiography problem is to be carried out during further research.